第 14 节
作者:天净沙      更新:2022-05-01 22:41      字数:9316
  with his bread and cheese; a pint between breakfast and dinner; a pint at
  dinner; a pint in the afternoon about six o'clock; and another when he had
  done his day's work。 I thought it a detestable custom; but it was necessary;
  he   suppos'd;   to   drink   strong   beer;   that   he   might   be   strong   to   labor。   I
  endeavored   to   convince   him   that   the   bodily   strength   afforded   by   beer
  could only be in proportion to the grain or flour of the barley dissolved in
  the water of which it was made; that there was more flour in a pennyworth
  of bread; and therefore; if he would eat that with a pint of water; it would
  give him more strength than a quart of beer。 He drank on; however; and
  had four or five shillings to pay out of his wages every Saturday night for
  43
  … Page 44…
  THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
  that   muddling   liquor;   an   expense   I   was   free   from。 And   thus   these   poor
  devils keep themselves always under。
  Watts; after some weeks; desiring to have me in the composing…room; I
  left the pressmen; a new bien venu or sum for drink; being five shillings;
  was demanded of me by the compositors。 I thought it an imposition; as I
  had   paid   below;   the   master   thought   so   too;   and   forbad   my   paying   it。   I
  stood     out   two    or   three   weeks;     was    accordingly      considered      as   an
  excommunicate; and bad so many little pieces of private mischief done me;
  by mixing my sorts; transposing my pages; breaking my matter; etc。; etc。;
  if   I   were   ever   so   little   out   of   the   room;   and   all   ascribed   to   the   chappel
  ghost;   which   they   said   ever   haunted   those   not   regularly   admitted;   that;
  notwithstanding the master's protection; I found myself oblig'd to comply
  and pay the money; convinc'd of the folly of being on ill terms with those
  one is to live with continually。
  I was now on a fair footing with them; and soon acquir'd considerable
  influence。 I propos'd some reasonable alterations in their chappel laws;
  and carried them against all opposition。 From my example; a great part of
  them left their muddling breakfast of beer; and bread; and cheese; finding
  they   could   with   me   be   suppli'd   from   a   neighboring   house   with   a   large
  porringer of hot water…gruel; sprinkled with pepper; crumbl'd with bread;
  and a bit of butter in it; for the price of a pint of beer; viz。; three half…pence。
  This was a more comfortable as well as cheaper breakfast; and kept their
  heads clearer。 Those who continued sotting with beer all day; were often;
  by not paying; out of credit at the alehouse; and us'd to make interest with
  me to get beer; their light; as they phrased it; being out。 I watch'd the pay…
  table   on   Saturday   night;   and   collected   what   I   stood   engag'd   for   them;
  having   to   pay   sometimes   near   thirty   shillings   a   week   on   their   account。
  This; and my being esteem'd a pretty good riggite; that is; a jocular verbal
  satirist; supported my consequence in the society。 My constant attendance
  (I never making a St。 Monday) recommended me to the master; and my
  uncommon   quickness   at   composing   occasioned   my   being   put   upon   all
  work of dispatch; which was generally better paid。 So I went on now very
  agreeably。
  〃A printing…house is always called a chapel by the workmen; the
  44
  … Page 45…
  THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
  origin of which appears to have been that printing was first carried on in
  England in an ancient chapel converted into a printing…house; and the title
  has been preserved by tradition。 The bien venu among the printers answers
  to the terms entrance and footing among mechanics; thus a journeyman;
  on entering a printing…house; was accustomed to pay one or more gallons
  of   beer   for   the   good   of   the   chapel;   this   custom   was   falling   into   disuse
  thirty years ago; it is very properly rejected entirely in the United States。〃…
  …W。 T。 F。
  My   lodging   in   Little   Britain   being   too   remote;   I   found   another   in
  Duke…street;   opposite   to   the   Romish   Chapel。   It   was   two   pair   of   stairs
  backwards; at an Italian warehouse。 A widow lady kept the house; she had
  a   daughter;    and   a  maid   servant;   and   a  journeyman      who    attended    the
  warehouse; but lodg'd abroad。 After sending to inquire my character at the
  house where I last lodg'd she agreed to take me in at the same rate; 3s。 6d。
  per week; cheaper; as she said; from the protection she expected in having
  a man lodge in the house。 She was a widow; an elderly woman; had been
  bred a Protestant; being a clergyman's daughter; but was converted to the
  Catholic religion by her husband; whose memory she much revered; had
  lived much among people of distinction; and knew a thousand anecdotes
  of them as far back as the times of Charles the Second。 She was lame in
  her knees with the gout; and; therefore; seldom stirred out of her room; so
  sometimes wanted company; and hers was so highly amusing to me; that I
  was sure to spend an evening with her whenever she desired it。 Our supper
  was only half an anchovy each; on a very little strip of bread and butter;
  and    half  a  pint   of  ale  between     us;  but  the  entertainment      was   in  her
  conversation。 My always keeping good hours; and giving little trouble in
  the family; made her unwilling to part with me; so that; when I talk'd of a
  lodging I had heard of;nearer my business; for two shillings a week; which;
  intent as I now was on saving money; made some difference; she bid me
  not think of it; for she would abate me two shillings a week for the future;
  so I remained with her at one shilling and sixpence as long as I staid in
  London。
  In a   garret of her house   there lived   a maiden lady of   seventy; in   the
  most retired manner; of whom my landlady gave me this account: that she
  45
  … Page 46…
  THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
  was a Roman Catholic; had been sent abroad when young; and lodg'd in a
  nunnery with an intent of becoming a nun; but; the country not agreeing
  with her; she returned to England; where; there being no nunnery; she had
  vow'd      to  lead   the   life  of  a  nun;    as  near   as   might    be   done    in  those
  circumstances。 Accordingly; she had given all her estate to charitable uses;
  reserving only twelve pounds a year to live on; and out of this sum she still
  gave a great deal in charity; living herself on water…gruel only; and using
  no   fire   but   to   boil   it。   She   had   lived   many   years   in   that   garret;   being
  permitted   to   remain   there   gratis   by   successive   Catholic   tenants   of   the
  house   below;   as   they   deemed   it   a   blessing   to   have   her   there。   A   priest
  visited her to confess her every day。 〃I have ask'd her;〃 says my landlady;
  〃how   she;   as   she   liv'd;   could   possibly   find   so   much   employment   for   a
  confessor?〃 〃Oh;〃 said she; 〃it is impossible to avoid vain thoughts。〃 I was
  permitted   once   to   visit   her;   She   was   chearful   and   polite;   and   convers'd
  pleasantly。 The room was clean; but had no other furniture than a matras; a
  table with a crucifix and book; a stool which she gave me to sit on; and a
  picture over   the   chimney  of   Saint Veronica   displaying   her   handkerchief;
  with    the   miraculous      figure   of   Christ's   bleeding     face   on   it;  which    she
  explained   to   me   with   great   seriousness。   She   look'd   pale;   but   was   never
  sick;   and   I   give   it   as   another   instance on   how   small   an   income   life   and
  health may be supported。
  At    Watts's     printing…house       I  contracted      an   acquaintance       with    an
  ingenious   young   man;   one   Wygate;   who;   having   wealthy   relations;   had
  been   better   educated   than   most   printers;   was   a   tolerable   Latinist;   spoke
  French; and lov'd reading。 I taught him and a friend of his to swim at twice
  going     into    the   river;  and    they    soon    became      good    swimmers。       They
  introduc'd me to some gentlemen from the country; who went to Chelsea
  by water to see the College and Don Saltero's curiosities。 In our return; at
  the request of the company; whose curiosity Wygate had excited; I stripped
  and   leaped   into   the   river;   and   swam   from   near   Chelsea   to   Blackfryar's;
  performing on the way many feats of activity; both upon and under water;
  that surpris'd and pleas'd those to whom they were novelties