of　the　weather　from　that　loved　head！〃　＇Cogniazzo；　　Gestandnisse　eines　OEsterreichischen　Veterans；　　ii。　251。＇　There　is　a　picture　for　you；　in　the　heights　of　Lichtenhayn；　as　you　steam　past　Schandau；　in　contemplative　mood；　and　perhaps　think　of　〃Justice　to　Ireland！〃　among　other　sad　thoughts　that　rise。
  From　Thurmsdorf　to　the　Pontoon…Bridge　there　was　a　kind　of　road；　down　which　the　Saxons　scrambled　yesterday；　and；　by　painful　degrees；　got　wriggled　across。　But；　on　the　other　shore；　forward　to　the　Hamlets　of　Halbstadt　and　Ebenheit；　there　is　nothing　but　a　steep　slippery　footpath：　figure　what　a　problem　for　the　14；000　in　such　weather！　Then　at　Ebenheit；　close　behind；　Browne…wards；　were　Browne　now　there；　rises　the　Lilienstein；　abrupt　rocky　mountain；　its　slopes　on　both　hands　washed　by　the　River　（River　making　its　first　elbow　here；　closely　girdling　this　Lilienstein）：　on　both　these　slopes　are　Prussian　batteries；　each　with　its　abatis；　needing　to　be　stormed：　that　will　be　your　first　operation。　Abatis　and　slopes　of　the　Lilienstein　once　stormed；　you　fall　into　a　valley　or　hollow；　raked　again　by　Prussian　batteries；　and　will　have　to　mount；　still　storming；　out　of　the　valley；　sky…high　across　the　Ziegenruck　（GOAT'S…BACK）　ridge：　that　is　your　second　preliminary　operation。　　　After　which　you　come　upon　the　work　itself；　namely；　the　Prussian　redoubts　at　Lichtenhayn；　and　12；000　men　on　them　by　this　time！　A　modern　Tourist　says；　reminding　or　informing：
  〃From　the　Konigstein　to　Pirna；　Elbe；　if　serpentine；　is　like　a　serpent　rushing　at　full　speed。　Just　past　the　Konigstein；　the　Elbe；　from　westward；　as　its　general　course　is；　turns　suddenly　to　northward；　runs　so　for　a　mile　and　a　half；　then；　just　before　getting　to　the　BASTEI　at　Raden；　turns　suddenly　to　westward　again；　and　so　continues。　Tourists　know　Raden；〃where　the　Prussians　have　just　fished　out　a　Bridge　for　themselves；〃with　the　BASTEI　high　aloft　to　west　of　it。　The　Old　Inn；　hospitable　though　sleepless；　stands　pleasantly　upon　the　River…brink；　overhung　by　high　cliffs：　close　on　its　left　side；　or　in　the　intricacies　to　rear　of　it；　are　huts　and　houses；　sprinkled　about；　as　if　burrowed　in　the　sandstone；　more　comfortably　than　you　could　expect。　The　site　is　a　narrow　dell；　narrow　chasm；　with　labyrinthic　chasms　branching　off　from　it；　narrow　and　gloomy　as　seen　from　the　River；　but　opening　out　even　into　cornfields　as　you　advance　inwards：　work　of　a　small　Brook；　which　is　still　industriously　tinkling　and　gushing　there；　and　has　in　Pre…　Adamite　times　been　a　lake；　and　we　know　not　what。　Nieder…Raden；　this；　on　the　north　side　of　the　River；　of　Ober…Raden；　on　the　south　side；　there　is　nothing　visible　from　your　Inn　windows；〃nor　have　we　anything　to　do　with　it　farther。　An　older　Guide　of　Tourists　yields　us　this　second　Fraction　（capable　of　condensation）：
  。。。　〃To　Halbstadt；　thence　to　Ebenheit；　your　path　is　steeper　and　steeper；　from　Ebenheit　to　the　Lilienstein　you　take　a　guide。　The　Mountain　is　conical；　coarse　RED　sandstone；　steps　cut　for　you　where　needed：　August　the　Strong's　Hunting…Lodge　（JAGDHUTTE）　is　here　（August　went　thither　in　a　grand　way；　1708；　with　his　Wife）；　Lodge　still　extant；　by　the　side　of　a　wood；Lilienstein　towering　huge　and　sheer；　solitary；　grand；　like　some　colossal　Pillar　of　the　Cyclops；　from　this　round　Pediment　of　Country　which　you　have　been　climbing；　tops　of　Lilienstein　plumed　everywhere　with　fir　and　birch；　Pediment　also　very　green　and　woody。　August　the　Strong；　grandly　visiting　here；　1708；　on　finish　of　those　stair…steps　cut　for　you；　set　up　an　Ebenezer；　or　Column　of　Memorial　at　this　Hunting…Hut；　with　Inscription　which　can　still　be　read；　though　now　with　difficulty　in　its　time…worn　state：
  〃FRIEDERICUS　AUGUSTUS；　REX　＇of　what？　Dare　not　say　of　POLAND　just　now；　for　fear　of　Charles　XII。＇；　ET　ELECTOR　SAX。；　UT　FORTUNAEM　VIRTUTE；　ITA　ASPERAM　HANC　RUPEM　PRIMUS　＇PRIMUS　not　of　men；　but　of　Saxon　Electors＇　SUPERAVIT；　ADITUMQUE　FACILIOREM　REDDI　CURAVIT。　ANNO　1708。〃〃UT　FORTUNAM　VIRTUTE；　As　his　fortune　by　valor；　SO　he　conquered　this　rugged　rock　by〃Poor　devil；　only　hear　him：and　think　how　good　Nature　is　（for　the　time　being）　to　poor　devils　and　their　354　bastards！　＇M。（agister）　Wilhelm　Lebrecht　Gotzinger；　　Schandau　und　seine　Umgebungen；　oder　Beschreibung　der　Sachsischen　Schweitz　　（Dresden；　1812）；　pp。　145…148。　Gotzinger；　who　designates　himself　as　〃Pastor　at　Neustadt　near　Stolpen〃　（northwest　border　of　the　Pirna　Country）；　has　made　of　this　（which　would　now　be　called　a　TOURIST'S　GUIDE；　and　has　something　geological　in　it）　a　modest；　good　little　Book；　put　together　with　industry；　clearness；　brevity。　Gives　interesting　Narrative　of　our　present　Business　too；　as　gathered　from　his　〃Father〃　and　other　good　sources　and　testimonies。＇
  Bruhl　and　the　Polish　Majesty；　safe　enough　they；　and　snug　in　the　Konigstein；　are　clear　for　advancing：　〃Die　like　soldiers；　for　your　King　and　Country！〃　writes　Polish　Majesty；　〃Thursday；　two　in　the　morning：〃　that　also　Rutowski　reads；　and　I　think　still　other　Royal　Autographs；　sent　as　Postscripts　to　that。　From　the　Konigstein　they　duly　fire　off　the　two　Cannon…shot；　as　signal　that　we　are　coming；　signal　which　Browne；　just　in　the　act　of　departing；　never　heard；　owing　to　the　piping　of　the　winds　and　rattling　of　the　rain。　〃Advance；　my　heroes！〃　counsel　they：　〃You　cannot　drag　your　ammunitions；　say　you；　your　poor　couple　of　big　guns？　Here　are　his　Majesty's　own　royal　horses　for　that　service！〃and；　in　effect；　the　royal　stud　is　heroically　flung　open　in　this　pressure；　and　a　splashing　column　of　sleek　quadrupeds；　〃150　royal　draught…horses；　early　in　the　forenoon；〃　＇Gotzinger；　p。　156。＇　swim　across　to　Ebenheit　accordingly；　if　that　could　encourage。　And；　〃about　noon；　there　is　strong　cannonading　from　the　Konigstein；　as　signal　to　Browne；〃　who　is　off。　Polish　Majesty　looking　with　his　spy…glass　in　an　astonished　manner。　In　Vain！　Rutowski　and　his　Council　of　War　sitting　wet　in　a　hut　of　Ebenheit；　with　14；000　starved　men　outside；　who　have　stood　seventy…two　hours　of　rain；　for　one　itemsee　nothing　for　it　but　〃surrender　on　such　terms　as　we　can　get。〃
  〃In　fact；〃　independently　of　weather　and　circumstances；　〃the　Enterprise；〃　says　Friedrich；　〃was　radically　impossible；　nobody　that　had　known　the　ground　could　have　judged　it　other。〃　Rutowski　had　not　known　it；　then？　Browne　never　pretended　to　know　it。　Rutowski　was　not　candid　with　the　conditions；　the　conditions　never　known　nor　candidly　looked　at；　and　THEY　are　now　replying　to　him　with　candor　enough。　From　the　first　his　Enterprise　was　a　final　flicker　of　false　hope；　going　out；　as　here；　by　spasm；　in　the　rigors　of　impossibility　and　flat　despair。
  That　column　of　royal　horses　sent　splashing　across　the　River；that　was　the　utmost　of　self…sacrifice　which　I　find　recorded　of　his　Polish　Majesty　in　this　matter。　He　was　very　obstinate；　his　Bruhl　and　he　were。　But　his　conduct　was　not　very　heroic。　That　royal　Autograph；　〃General　Rutowski；　and　ye　true　Saxons；　attack　these　Prussian　lines；　then；　sell　your　lives　like　men〃　（not　like　Bruhl　and　me）；　must　have　fallen　cold　on　the　heart；　after　seventy…two　hours　of　rain！　Rutowski's　wet　Council　of　War；　in　the　hut　at　Ebenheit；　rain　still　pouring；　answers　unanimously；　〃That　it　were　a　leading　of　men　to　the　butchery；〃　that　there　is　nothing　for　it　but　surrender。　Bruhl　and　Majesty　can　only　answer：　〃Well…a…day；　it　must　be　so；　then！〃　Winterfeld；　Prussian　Commander　hereabouts；　grants　Armistice；　grants　liberal　〃wagon…loads　of　bread〃　first　of　all；　terms　of　Capitulation　to　be　settled　at　Struppen　to…morrow。
  FRIDAY；　OCTOBER　15th；　Rutowski　goes　across　to　Struppen；　the　late　Saxon　head…quarter；　now　Friedrich's；Friday　gone　a　fortnight　was　the　day　of　Lobositz。　Winterfeld　and　he　are　the　negotiators　there；　Friedrich　ratifying　or　refusing　by　marginal　remarks。　The　terms　granted　are　hard　enough：　but　they　must　be　accepted。　First　preliminary　of　all　terms　has　already　been　accepted：　a　gift　of　bread　to　these　poor　Saxons；　their　haversacks　are　empty；　their　cartridge…boxes　drowned；　it　has　rained　on　them　three　days　and　nights。　Last　upshot　of　all　terms　is　still　well　known　to　everybody：　That　the　14；000　Saxons　are　compelled　to　become　Prussian；　and　〃forced　to　volunteer〃！
  That　had　been　Friedrich's　determination；　and　reading　of　his　rights　in　the　matter；　now　that　hard　had　come　to　hard。　〃You　refused　all　terms；　you　have　resisted　to　death　（or　death's…DOOR）；　and　are　now　at　discretion！〃　Of　the　question；　What　is　to　be　done　with　those　Saxons？　Friedricb　had　thought　a　great　deal；　first　and　last；　and　had　found　it　very　intricate；as　readers　too　will；　if　they　think　of　it。　〃Prisoners　of　War；to　keep　them　locked　up；　with　trouble　and　expense；　in　that　fashion？　They　can　never　be　exchanged：　Saxony　has　now　nothing　to　exchange　them　with；　and　Austria　will　not。　Their　obstinacy　has　had　costs　to　me；　who　of　us　can　count　what　costs！　In　short；　they　shall　volunteer！〃
  〃Never　did　I；　for　my　poor　part；　authorize　such　a　thing；〃　loudly　asseverated　Rutowski　afterwards。　And　indeed　the　Capitulation　is　not　precise　on　that　interesting　point。　A　lengthy　Document；　and　not　worth　the　least　perusal　otherwise；　we　condense　it　into　three　Articles；　all　grounding　on　this　general　Basis；　not　deniable　by　Rutowski：　〃The　Saxon　Army；　being　at　such　a　pass；　ready　to　die　of　hunger；　if　we　did　NOT　lift　our　finger；　has；　so　to　speak；　become　our　property；　and　we　grant　it　the　following　terms