第 30 节
作者:阎王      更新:2022-03-20 20:46      字数:9321
  the head of Loch Ness; near the place where Fort Augustus now
  stands; in which Lochiel obtained the victory; and Maclean; with
  his followers; was defeated and destroyed。
  The lady fell into the hands of the conquerours; and being found
  pregnant was placed in the custody of Maclonich; one of a tribe or
  family branched from Cameron; with orders; if she brought a boy; to
  destroy him; if a girl; to spare her。
  Maclonich's wife; who was with child likewise; had a girl about the
  same time at which lady Maclean brought a boy; and Maclonich with
  more generosity to his captive; than fidelity to his trust;
  contrived that the children should be changed。
  Maclean being thus preserved from death; in time recovered his
  original patrimony; and in gratitude to his friend; made his castle
  a place of refuge to any of the clan that should think himself in
  danger; and; as a proof of reciprocal confidence; Maclean took upon
  himself and his posterity the care of educating the heir of
  Maclonich。
  This story; like all other traditions of the Highlands; is
  variously related; but though some circumstances are uncertain; the
  principal fact is true。  Maclean undoubtedly owed his preservation
  to Maclonich; for the treaty between the two families has been
  strictly observed:  it did not sink into disuse and oblivion; but
  continued in its full force while the chieftains retained their
  power。  I have read a demand of protection; made not more than
  thirty…seven years ago; for one of the Maclonichs; named Ewen
  Cameron; who had been accessory to the death of Macmartin; and had
  been banished by Lochiel; his lord; for a certain term; at the
  expiration of which he returned married from France; but the
  Macmartins; not satisfied with the punishment; when he attempted to
  settle; still threatened him with vengeance。  He therefore asked;
  and obtained shelter in the Isle of Col。
  The power of protection subsists no longer; but what the law
  permits is yet continued; and Maclean of Col now educates the heir
  of Maclonich。
  There still remains in the Islands; though it is passing fast away;
  the custom of fosterage。  A Laird; a man of wealth and eminence;
  sends his child; either male or female; to a tacksman; or tenant;
  to be fostered。  It is not always his own tenant; but some distant
  friend that obtains this honour; for an honour such a trust is very
  reasonably thought。  The terms of fosterage seem to vary in
  different islands。  In Mull; the father sends with his child a
  certain number of cows; to which the same number is added by the
  fosterer。  The father appropriates a proportionable extent of
  ground; without rent; for their pasturage。  If every cow brings a
  calf; half belongs to the fosterer; and half to the child; but if
  there be only one calf between two cows; it is the child's; and
  when the child returns to the parent; it is accompanied by all the
  cows given; both by the father and by the fosterer; with half of
  the increase of the stock by propagation。  These beasts are
  considered as a portion; and called Macalive cattle; of which the
  father has the produce; but is supposed not to have the full
  property; but to owe the same number to the child; as a portion to
  the daughter; or a stock for the son。
  Children continue with the fosterer perhaps six years; and cannot;
  where this is the practice; be considered as burdensome。  The
  fosterer; if he gives four cows; receives likewise four; and has;
  while the child continues with him; grass for eight without rent;
  with half the calves; and all the milk; for which he pays only four
  cows when he dismisses his Dalt; for that is the name for a foster
  child。
  Fosterage is; I believe; sometimes performed upon more liberal
  terms。  Our friend; the young Laird of Col; was fostered by
  Macsweyn of Grissipol。  Macsweyn then lived a tenant to Sir James
  Macdonald in the Isle of Sky; and therefore Col; whether he sent
  him cattle or not; could grant him no land。  The Dalt; however; at
  his return; brought back a considerable number of Macalive cattle;
  and of the friendship so formed there have been good effects。  When
  Macdonald raised his rents; Macsweyn was; like other tenants;
  discontented; and; resigning his farm; removed from Sky to Col; and
  was established at Grissipol。
  These observations we made by favour of the contrary wind that
  drove us to Col; an Island not often visited; for there is not much
  to amuse curiosity; or to attract avarice。
  The ground has been hitherto; I believe; used chiefly for
  pasturage。  In a district; such as the eye can command; there is a
  general herdsman; who knows all the cattle of the neighbourhood;
  and whose station is upon a hill; from which he surveys the lower
  grounds; and if one man's cattle invade another's grass; drives
  them back to their own borders。  But other means of profit begin to
  be found; kelp is gathered and burnt; and sloops are loaded with
  the concreted ashes。  Cultivation is likely to be improved by the
  skill and encouragement of the present heir; and the inhabitants of
  those obscure vallies will partake of the general progress of life。
  The rents of the parts which belong to the Duke of Argyle; have
  been raised from fifty…five to one hundred and five pounds; whether
  from the land or the sea I cannot tell。  The bounties of the sea
  have lately been so great; that a farm in Southuist has risen in
  ten years from a rent of thirty pounds to one hundred and eighty。
  He who lives in Col; and finds himself condemned to solitary meals;
  and incommunicable reflection; will find the usefulness of that
  middle order of Tacksmen; which some who applaud their own wisdom
  are wishing to destroy。  Without intelligence man is not social; he
  is only gregarious; and little intelligence will there be; where
  all are constrained to daily labour; and every mind must wait upon
  the hand。
  After having listened for some days to the tempest; and wandered
  about the Island till our curiosity was satisfied; we began to
  think about our departure。  To leave Col in October was not very
  easy。  We however found a sloop which lay on the coast to carry
  kelp; and for a price which we thought levied upon our necessities;
  the master agreed to carry us to Mull; whence we might readily pass
  back to Scotland。
  MULL
  As we were to catch the first favourable breath; we spent the night
  not very elegantly nor pleasantly in the vessel; and were landed
  next day at Tobor Morar; a port in Mull; which appears to an
  unexperienced eye formed for the security of ships; for its mouth
  is closed by a small island; which admits them through narrow
  channels into a bason sufficiently capacious。  They are indeed safe
  from the sea; but there is a hollow between the mountains; through
  which the wind issues from the land with very mischievous violence。
  There was no danger while we were there; and we found several other
  vessels at anchor; so that the port had a very commercial
  appearance。
  The young Laird of Col; who had determined not to let us lose his
  company; while there was any difficulty remaining; came over with
  us。  His influence soon appeared; for he procured us horses; and
  conducted us to the house of Doctor Maclean; where we found very
  kind entertainment; and very pleasing conversation。  Miss Maclean;
  who was born; and had been bred at Glasgow; having removed with her
  father to Mull; added to other qualifications; a great knowledge of
  the Earse language; which she had not learned in her childhood; but
  gained by study; and was the only interpreter of Earse poetry that
  I could ever find。
  The Isle of Mull is perhaps in extent the third of the Hebrides。
  It is not broken by waters; nor shot into promontories; but is a
  solid and compact mass; of breadth nearly equal to its length。  Of
  the dimensions of the larger Islands; there is no knowledge
  approaching to exactness。  I am willing to estimate it as
  containing about three hundred square miles。
  Mull had suffered like Sky by the black winter of seventy…one; in
  which; contrary to all experience; a continued frost detained the
  snow eight weeks upon the ground。  Against a calamity never known;
  no provision had been made; and the people could only pine in
  helpless misery。  One tenant was mentioned; whose cattle perished
  to the value of three hundred pounds; a loss which probably more
  than the life of man is necessary to repair。  In countries like
  these; the descriptions of famine become intelligible。  Where by
  vigorous and artful cultivation of a soil naturally fertile; there
  is commonly a superfluous growth both of grain and grass; where the
  fields are crowded with cattle; and where every hand is able to
  attract wealth from a distance; by making something that promotes
  ease; or gratifies vanity; a dear year produces only a comparative
  want; which is rather seen than felt; and which terminates commonly
  in no worse effect; than that of condemning the lower orders of the
  community to sacrifice a little luxury to convenience; or at most a
  little convenience to necessity。
  But where the climate is unkind; and the ground penurious; so that
  the most fruitful years will produce only enough to maintain
  themselves; where life unimproved; and unadorned;