pass　without　a　convoy。　　All　trials　of　right　by　the　sword　are
  forgotten；　and　the　mean　are　in　as　little　danger　from　the　powerful
  as　in　other　places。　　No　scheme　of　policy　has；　in　any　country；　yet
  brought　the　rich　and　poor　on　equal　terms　into　courts　of　judicature。
  Perhaps　experience；　improving　on　experience；　may　in　time　effect　it。
  Those　who　have　long　enjoyed　dignity　and　power；　ought　not　to　lose　it
  without　some　equivalent。　　There　was　paid　to　the　Chiefs　by　the
  publick；　in　exchange　for　their　privileges；　perhaps　a　sum　greater
  than　most　of　them　had　ever　possessed；　which　excited　a　thirst　for
  riches；　of　which　it　shewed　them　the　use。　　When　the　power　of　birth
  and　station　ceases；　no　hope　remains　but　from　the　prevalence　of
  money。　　Power　and　wealth　supply　the　place　of　each　other。　　Power
  confers　the　ability　of　gratifying　our　desire　without　the　consent　of
  others。　　Wealth　enables　us　to　obtain　the　consent　of　others　to　our
  gratification。　　Power；　simply　considered；　whatever　it　confers　on
  one；　must　take　from　another。　　Wealth　enables　its　owner　to　give　to
  others；　by　taking　only　from　himself。　　Power　pleases　the　violent　and
  proud：　　wealth　delights　the　placid　and　the　timorous。　　Youth
  therefore　flies　at　power；　and　age　grovels　after　riches。
  The　Chiefs；　divested　of　their　prerogatives；　necessarily　turned
  their　thoughts　to　the　improvement　of　their　revenues；　and　expect
  more　rent；　as　they　have　less　homage。　　The　tenant；　who　is　far　from
  perceiving　that　his　condition　is　made　better　in　the　same
  proportion；　as　that　of　his　landlord　is　made　worse；　does　not
  immediately　see　why　his　industry　is　to　be　taxed　more　heavily　than
  before。　　He　refuses　to　pay　the　demand；　and　is　ejected；　the　ground
  is　then　let　to　a　stranger；　who　perhaps　brings　a　larger　stock；　but
  who；　taking　the　land　at　its　full　price；　treats　with　the　Laird　upon
  equal　terms；　and　considers　him　not　as　a　Chief；　but　as　a　trafficker
  in　land。　　Thus　the　estate　perhaps　is　improved；　but　the　clan　is
  broken。
  It　seems　to　be　the　general　opinion；　that　the　rents　have　been　raised
  with　too　much　eagerness。　　Some　regard　must　be　paid　to　prejudice。
  Those　who　have　hitherto　paid　but　little；　will　not　suddenly　be
  persuaded　to　pay　much；　though　they　can　afford　it。　　As　ground　is
  gradually　improved；　and　the　value　of　money　decreases；　the　rent　may
  be　raised　without　any　diminution　of　the　farmer's　profits：　　yet　it
  is　necessary　in　these　countries；　where　the　ejection　of　a　tenant　is
  a　greater　evil；　than　in　more　populous　places；　to　consider　not
  merely　what　the　land　will　produce；　but　with　what　ability　the
  inhabitant　can　cultivate　it。　　A　certain　stock　can　allow　but　a
  certain　payment；　for　if　the　land　be　doubled；　and　the　stock　remains
  the　same；　the　tenant　becomes　no　richer。　　The　proprietors　of　the
  Highlands　might　perhaps　often　increase　their　income；　by　subdividing
  the　farms；　and　allotting　to　every　occupier　only　so　many　acres　as　he
  can　profitably　employ；　but　that　they　want　people。
  There　seems　now；　whatever　be　the　cause；　to　be　through　a　great　part
  of　the　Highlands　a　general　discontent。　　That　adherence；　which　was
  lately　professed　by　every　man　to　the　chief　of　his　name；　has　now
  little　prevalence；　and　he　that　cannot　live　as　he　desires　at　home；
  listens　to　the　tale　of　fortunate　islands；　and　happy　regions；　where
  every　man　may　have　land　of　his　own；　and　eat　the　product　of　his
  labour　without　a　superior。
  Those　who　have　obtained　grants　of　American　lands；　have；　as　is　well
  known；　invited　settlers　from　all　quarters　of　the　globe；　and　among
  other　places；　where　oppression　might　produce　a　wish　for　new
  habitations；　their　emissaries　would　not　fail　to　try　their
  persuasions　in　the　Isles　of　Scotland；　where　at　the　time　when　the
  clans　were　newly　disunited　from　their　Chiefs；　and　exasperated　by
  unprecedented　exactions；　it　is　no　wonder　that　they　prevailed。
  Whether　the　mischiefs　of　emigration　were　immediately　perceived；　may
  be　justly　questioned。　　They　who　went　first；　were　probably　such　as
  could　best　be　spared；　but　the　accounts　sent　by　the　earliest
  adventurers；　whether　true　or　false；　inclined　many　to　follow　them；
  and　whole　neighbourhoods　formed　parties　for　removal；　so　that
  departure　from　their　native　country　is　no　longer　exile。　　He　that
  goes　thus　accompanied；　carries　with　him　all　that　makes　life
  pleasant。　　He　sits　down　in　a　better　climate；　surrounded　by　his
  kindred　and　his　friends：　　they　carry　with　them　their　language；
  their　opinions；　their　popular　songs；　and　hereditary　merriment：
  they　change　nothing　but　the　place　of　their　abode；　and　of　that
  change　they　perceive　the　benefit。
  This　is　the　real　effect　of　emigration；　if　those　that　go　away
  together　settle　on　the　same　spot；　and　preserve　their　ancient　union。
  But　some　relate　that　these　adventurous　visitants　of　unknown
  regions；　after　a　voyage　passed　in　dreams　of　plenty　and　felicity；
  are　dispersed　at　last　upon　a　Sylvan　wilderness；　where　their　first
  years　must　be　spent　in　toil；　to　clear　the　ground　which　is
  afterwards　to　be　tilled；　and　that　the　whole　effect　of　their
  undertakings　is　only　more　fatigue　and　equal　scarcity。
  Both　accounts　may　be　suspected。　　Those　who　are　gone　will　endeavour
  by　every　art　to　draw　others　after　them；　for　as　their　numbers　are
  greater；　they　will　provide　better　for　themselves。　　When　Nova　Scotia
  was　first　peopled；　I　remember　a　letter；　published　under　the
  character　of　a　New　Planter；　who　related　how　much　the　climate　put
  him　in　mind　of　Italy。　　Such　intelligence　the　Hebridians　probably
  receive　from　their　transmarine　correspondents。　　But　with　equal
  temptations　of　interest；　and　perhaps　with　no　greater　niceness　of
  veracity；　the　owners　of　the　Islands　spread　stories　of　American
  hardships　to　keep　their　people　content　at　home。
  Some　method　to　stop　this　epidemick　desire　of　wandering；　which
  spreads　its　contagion　from　valley　to　valley；　deserves　to　be　sought
  with　great　diligence。　　In　more　fruitful　countries；　the　removal　of
  one　only　makes　room　for　the　succession　of　another：　　but　in　the
  Hebrides；　the　loss　of　an　inhabitant　leaves　a　lasting　vacuity；　for
  nobody　born　in　any　other　parts　of　the　world　will　choose　this
  country　for　his　residence；　and　an　Island　once　depopulated　will
  remain　a　desert；　as　long　as　the　present　facility　of　travel　gives
  every　one；　who　is　discontented　and　unsettled；　the　choice　of　his
  abode。
  Let　it　be　inquired；　whether　the　first　intention　of　those　who　are
  fluttering　on　the　wing；　and　collecting　a　flock　that　they　may　take
  their　flight；　be　to　attain　good；　or　to　avoid　evil。　　If　they　are
  dissatisfied　with　that　part　of　the　globe；　which　their　birth　has
  allotted　them；　and　resolve　not　to　live　without　the　pleasures　of
  happier　climates；　if　they　long　for　bright　suns；　and　calm　skies；　and
  flowery　fields；　and　fragrant　gardens；　I　know　not　by　what　eloquence
  they　can　be　persuaded；　or　by　what　offers　they　can　be　hired　to　stay。
  But　if　they　are　driven　from　their　native　country　by　positive　evils；
  and　disgusted　by　ill…treatment；　real　or　imaginary；　it　were　fit　to
  remove　their　grievances；　and　quiet　their　resentment；　since；　if　they
  have　been　hitherto　undutiful　subjects；　they　will　not　much　mend
  their　principles　by　American　conversation。
  To　allure　them　into　the　army；　it　was　thought　proper　to　indulge　them
  in　the　continuance　of　their　national　dress。　　If　this　concession
  could　have　any　effect；　it　might　easily　be　made。　　That　dissimilitude
  of　appearance；　which　was　supposed　to　keep　them　distinct　from　the
  rest　of　the　nation；　might　disincline　them　from　coalescing　with　the
  Pensylvanians；　or　people　of　Connecticut。　　If　the　restitution　of
  their　arms　will　reconcile　them　to　their　country；　let　them　have
  again　those　weapons；　which　will　not　be　more　mischievous　at　home
  than　in　the　Colonies。　　That　they　may　not　fly　from　the　increase　of
  rent；　I　know　not　whether　the　general　good　does　not　require　that　the
  landlords　be；　for　a　time；　restrained　in　their　demands；　and　kept
  quiet　by　pensions　proportionate　to　their　loss。
  To　hinder　insurrection；　by　driving　away　the　people；　and　to　govern
  peaceably；　by　having　no　subjects；　is　an　expedient　that　argues　no
  great　profundity　of　politicks。　　To　soften　the　obdurate；　to　convince
  the　mistaken；　to　mollify　the　resentful；　are　worthy　of　a　statesman；
  but　it　affords　a　legislator　little　self…applause　to　consider；　that
  where　there　was　formerly　an　insurrection；　there　is　now　a
  wilderness。
  It　has　been　a　question　often　agitated　without　solution；　why　those
  northern　regions　are　now　so　thinly　peopled；　which　formerly
  overwhelmed　with　their　armies　the　Roman　empire。　　The　question
  supposes　what　I　believe　is　not　true；　that　they　had　once　more
  inhabitants　than　they　could　maintain；　and　overflowed　only　because
  they　were　full。
  This　is　to　estimate　the　manners　of　all　countries　and　ages　by　our
  own。　　Migration；　while　the　state　of　life　was　unsettled；　and　there
  was　little　communication　of　intelligence　between　distant　places；
  was　among　the　wilder　nations　of　Europe；　capricious　and　casual。　　An
  adventurous　projector　heard　of　a　fertile　coast　unoccupied；　and　led
  out　a　colony；　a　chief　of　renown　for　bravery；　called　the　young　men
  together；　and　led　them　out　to　try　what　fortune　would　present。　　When
  Caesar　was　in　Gaul；　he　found　the　Helvetians　preparing　to　go　they
  knew　not　whither；　and　put　a　stop　to　their　motions。　　They　settled
  again　i