第 23 节
作者:淋雨      更新:2021-12-07 09:32      字数:9322
  responsibility and duty as a child may be able to bear according to its age;
  and   which   will   in   any   case   prevent   it   from   forming   the   vagabond   and
  anarchist habit of mind。
  One   more   exception   might   be   necessary:         compulsory   freedom。         I
  am sure that a child should not be imprisoned in a school。                    I am not so
  sure that it should not sometimes be driven out into the openimprisoned
  in   the   woods   and   on   the   mountains;   as   it   were。 For   there   are   frowsty
  children;   just   as   there   are   frowsty   adults;   who   dont   want   freedom。   This
  morbid   result   of   over…domestication   would;   let   us   hope;   soon   disappear
  with its cause。
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  Mobilization
  Those who see no prospect held out to them by this except a country in
  which   all   the   children   shall   be   roaming   savages;   should   consider;   first;
  whether their condition would be any worse than that of the little caged
  savages of today; and second; whether either children or adults are so apt
  to run wild that it is necessary to tether them fast to one neighborhood to
  prevent a general dissolution of society。           My own observation leads me to
  believe that we are not half mobilized enough。                True; I cannot deny that
  we are more mobile than we were。 You will still find in the home counties
  old men who have never been to London; and who tell you that they once
  went to Winchester   or   St Albans   much   as   if they  had   been to the   South
  Pole; but they are not so common as the clerk who has been to Paris or to
  Lovely Lucerne; and who 〃goes away somewhere〃 when he has a holiday。
  His grandfather never had a holiday; and; if he had; would no more have
  dreamed of crossing the Channel than of taking a box at the Opera。                     But
  with   all   allowance   for   the   Polytechnic   excursion   and   the   tourist   agency;
  our inertia is still appalling。      I confess to having once spent nine years in
  London   without   putting   my   nose   outside   it;   and   though   this   was   better;
  perhaps;     than   the  restless   globe…trotting    vagabondage       of  the  idle  rich;
  wandering   from   hotel   to   hotel   and   never   really   living   anywhere;   yet   I
  should   no   more   have   done   it   if   I   had   been   properly   mobilized   in   my
  childhood than I should have worn the same suit of clothes all that time
  (which; by the way; I very nearly did; my professional income not having
  as yet begun to sprout)。         There are masses of people who could afford at
  least a trip to Margate; and a good many who could afford a trip round the
  world;   who   are   more   immovable   than   Aldgate   pump。          To   others;   who
  would   move   if   they   knew   how;   travelling   is   surrounded   with   imaginary
  difficulties and terrors。 In short; the difficulty is not to fix people; but to
  root   them   up。   We   keep   repeating   the   silly   proverb   that   a   rolling   stone
  gathers no moss; as if moss were a desirable parasite。                What we mean is
  that   a   vagabond   does   not   prosper。    Even   this   is   not   true;   if   prosperity
  means enjoyment as well as responsibility and money。                    The real misery
  of vagabondage is the misery of having nothing to do and nowhere to go;
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  the misery of being derelict of God and Man; the misery of the idle; poor
  or rich。    And this is one of the miseries of unoccupied childhood。                   The
  unoccupied adult; thus afflicted; tries many distractions which are; to say
  the least; unsuited to children。        But one of them; the distraction of seeing
  the    world;   is  innocent    and    beneficial。    Also     it  is  childish;  being    a
  continuation of what nurses call 〃taking notice;〃 by which a child becomes
  experienced。       It is pitiable nowadays to see men and women doing after
  the   age   of   45   all   the   travelling   and   sightseeing   they   should   have   done
  before     they   were   15。    Mere     wondering      and   staring   at  things   is  an
  important      part  of   a  child's  education:      that   is  why    children   can   be
  thoroughly mobilized without making vagabonds of them。                    A vagabond is
  at home nowhere because he wanders:                a child should wander because it
  ought to be at home everywhere。            And if it has its papers and its passports;
  and     gets  what    it  requires    not   by   begging     and   pilfering;    but  from
  responsible   agents   of   the   community   as   of   right;   and   with   some   formal
  acknowledgment of the obligations it is incurring and a knowledge of the
  fact    that  these    obligations    are   being    recorded:     if;   further;   certain
  qualifications are exacted before it is promoted from permission to go as
  far as its legs will carry it to using mechanical aids to locomotion; it can
  roam without much danger of gypsification。
  Under such circumstances the boy or girl could always run away; and
  never be lost; and on no other conditions can a child be free without being
  also a homeless outcast。
  Parents could also run away from disagreeable children or drive them
  out of doors or even drop their acquaintance; temporarily or permanently;
  without inhumanity。         Thus both parties would be on their good behavior;
  and not; as at present; on their filial or parental behavior; which; like all
  unfree behavior; is mostly bad behavior。
  As to what other results might follow; we had better wait and see; for
  nobody now alive can imagine what customs and institutions would grow
  up   in   societies   of   free   children。 Child   laws   and   child   fashions;   child
  manners and child morals are now not tolerated; but among free children
  there would certainly be surprising developments in this direction。                   I do
  not think there would be any danger of free children behaving as badly as
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  grown…up people do now because they have never been free。          They could
  hardly behave worse; anyhow。
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  Children's Rights and Parents'
  Wrongs
  A very distinguished man once assured a mother of my acquaintance
  that   she   would   never   know   what   it   meant   to   be   hurt   until   she   was   hurt
  through her children。        Children are extremely cruel without intending it;
  and in   ninety…nine  cases   out of   a hundred   the  reason is that they  do not
  conceive   their   elders   as   having   any   human   feelings。     Serve   the   elders
  right; perhaps; for posing as superhuman!             The penalty of the impostor is
  not that he is found out (he very seldom is) but that he is taken for what he
  pretends   to   be;   and   treated   as   such。 And   to   be   treated   as   anything   but
  what     you   really  are  may    seem    pleasant    to  the  imagination     when    the
  treatment is above your merits; but in actual experience it is often quite the
  reverse。     When      I  was    a  very   small   boy;   my    romantic     imagination;
  stimulated by early doses of fiction; led me to brag to a still smaller boy so
  outrageously   that   he;   being   a   simple   soul;   really   believed   me   to   be   an
  invincible hero。      I cannot remember whether this pleased me much; but I
  do remember very distinctly that one day this admirer of mine; who had a
  pet goat; found the animal in the hands of a larger boy than either of us;
  who mocked him and refused to restore the animal to his rightful owner。
  Whereupon;        naturally;  he   came    weeping     to  me;   and   demanded      that  I
  should     rescue   the   goat  and    annihilate   the   aggressor。    My     terror  was
  beyond description:        fortunately for me; it imparted such a ghastliness to
  my voice and aspect as I under the eye of my poor little dupe; advanced on
  the enemy  with   that   hideous   extremity  of   cowardice   which   is   called   the
  courage of despair; and said 〃You let go that goat;〃 that he abandoned his
  prey and fled; to my unforgettable; unspeakable relief。              I have never since
  exaggerated my prowess in bodily combat。
  Now what happe