第 3 节
作者:淋雨      更新:2021-12-07 09:32      字数:9322
  provided it be the hasty expression of normal provoked resentment and not
  vicious cruelty; cannot harm  a child as this sort of pious fraud harms   it。
  There is a legal limit to physical cruelty; and there are also human limits to
  it。   There is an active Society which brings to book a good many parents
  who starve and torture and overwork their children; and intimidates a good
  many   more。       When   parents   of   this   type   are   caught;   they   are   treated   as
  criminals; and not infrequently the police have some trouble to save them
  from     being   lynched。      The    people    against    whom     children    are  wholly
  unprotected are those who devote themselves to the very mischievous and
  cruel   sort   of   abortion   which   is   called   bringing   up   a   child   in   the   way   it
  should go。      Now nobody knows the way a child should go。                  All the ways
  discovered so far lead to the horrors of our existing civilizations; described
  quite    justifiably    by   Ruskin     as  heaps    of   agonizing     human      maggots;
  struggling with one another for scraps of food。               Pious fraud is an attempt
  to   pervert   that   precious   and   sacred   thing   the   child's   conscience   into   an
  instrument of our own convenience; and to use that wonderful and terrible
  power called Shame to grind our own axe。                  It is the sin of stealing fire
  from     the  altar:  a  sin   so  impudently      practised    by  popes;    parents;   and
  pedagogues; that one can hardly expect the nurserymaids to see any harm
  in stealing a few cinders when they are worrited。
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  A TREATISE ON PARENTS AND CHILDREN
  Into   the   blackest   depths   of   this   violation   of   children's   souls   one   can
  hardly bear to look; for here we find pious fraud masking the violation of
  the body by obscene cruelty。            Any parent or school teacher who takes a
  secret and abominable delight in torture is allowed to lay traps into which
  every   child   must   fall;   and   then   beat   it   to   his   or   her   heart's   content。 A
  gentleman once wrote to me and said; with an obvious conviction that he
  was being most reasonable and high minded; that the only thing he beat
  his children for was failure in perfect obedience and perfect truthfulness。
  On these attributes; he said; he must insist。            As one of them is not a virtue
  at   all;   and   the   other   is   the   attribute   of   a   god;   one   can   imagine   what   the
  lives of this gentleman's children would have been if it had been possible
  for him to live down to his monstrous and foolish pretensions。                      And yet
  he might have written his letter to The Times (he very nearly did; by the
  way)   without   incurring   any   danger   of   being   removed   to   an   asylum;   or
  even   losing   his   reputation   for   taking   a   very   proper   view   of   his   parental
  duties。     And at least it was not a trivial view; nor an ill meant one。                   It
  was much more respectable than the general consensus of opinion that if a
  school teacher can devise a question a child cannot answer; or overhear it
  calling omega omeega; he or she may beat the child viciously。                     Only; the
  cruelty     must   be   whitewashed       by   a  moral    excuse;    and    a  pretence    of
  reluctance。      It  must    be   for  the  child's   good。    The     assailant   must    say
  〃This hurts me more than it hurts you。〃 There must be hypocrisy as well as
  cruelty。     The injury to the child would be far less if the voluptuary said
  frankly 〃I beat you because I like beating you; and I shall do it whenever I
  can contrive an excuse for it。〃          But to represent this detestable lust to the
  child as Divine wrath; and the cruelty as the beneficent act of God; which
  is exactly what all our floggers do; is to add to the torture of the body; out
  of which the flogger at least gets some pleasure; the maiming and blinding
  of the child's soul; which can bring nothing but horror to anyone。
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  A TREATISE ON PARENTS AND CHILDREN
  The Manufacture of Monsters
  This industry is by no means peculiar to China。                 The Chinese (they
  say) make physical monsters。            We revile them for it and proceed to make
  moral   monsters   of   our   own   children。       The   most   excusable   parents   are
  those who try to correct their own faults in their offspring。                  The parent
  who   says   to   his   child:   〃I   am   one   of   the   successes   of   the   Almighty:
  therefore   imitate   me   in   every  particular   or   I   will   have   the   skin   off   your
  back〃   (a   quite   common   attitude)   is   a   much   more   absurd   figure   than   the
  man who; with a pipe in his mouth; thrashes his boy for smoking。                     If you
  must hold yourself up to your children as an object lesson (which is not at
  all necessary); hold yourself up as a warning and not as an example。                    But
  you   had   much   better   let   the   child's   character   alone。  If   you   once   allow
  yourself to regard a child as so much material for you to manufacture into
  any shape that happens to suit your fancy you are defeating the experiment
  of the Life Force。 You are assuming that the child does not know its own
  business; and that you do。          In this you are sure to be wrong:             the child
  feels the drive of the Life Force (often called the Will of God); and you
  cannot   feel   it   for   him。  Handel's   parents   no   doubt   thought   they   knew
  better than their child when they tried to prevent his becoming a musician。
  They would have been equally wrong and equally unsuccessful if they had
  tried to prevent the child becoming a great rascal had its genius lain in that
  direction。     Handel would have been Handel; and Napoleon and Peter of
  Russia   _them_selves   in   spite   of   all   the   parents   in   creation;   because;   as
  often happens;  they  were   stronger than their parents。              But   this   does   not
  happen always。        Most children can be; and many are; hopelessly warped
  and wasted by parents who are ignorant and silly enough to suppose that
  they know what a human being ought to be; and who stick at nothing in
  their determination to force their children into their moulds。                Every child
  has a right to its own bent。 It has a right to be a Plymouth Brother though
  its parents   be   convinced   atheists。     It   has   a right to dislike its   mother or
  father or sister or brother or uncle or aunt if they are antipathetic to it。               It
  has   a   right   to   find   its   own   way   and   go   its   own   way;   whether   that   way
  seems wise or foolish to others; exactly as an adult has。                It has a right to
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  A TREATISE ON PARENTS AND CHILDREN
  privacy as to its own doings and its own affairs as much as if it were its
  own father。
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  A TREATISE ON PARENTS AND CHILDREN
  Small and Large Families
  These rights have now become more important than they used to be;
  because the modern practice of limiting families enables them to be more
  effectually violated。       In a family of ten; eight; six; or even four children;
  the rights of the younger ones to a great extent take care of themselves and
  of the rights of the elder ones too。          Two adult parents; in spite of a house
  to keep and an income to earn; can still interfere to a disastrous extent with
  the rights and liberties of one child。           But by the time a fourth child has
  arrived; they are not only outnumbered two to one; but are getting tired of
  the thankless and mischievous job of bringing up their children in the way
  they   think   they   should   go。    The   old   observation   that   members   of   large
  families   get   on   in   the   world   holds   good   because   in   large   families   it   is
  impossible  for   each   child   to   receive   what   schoolmasters   call   〃individual
  attention。〃     The children may receive a good deal of individual attention
  from one another in the shape of outspoken reproach; ruthless ridicule; and
  violent resistance to their attempts at aggression; but the parental despots
  are compelled by the multitude of their subjects to resort to political rather
  than personal rule; and to spread their attempts at moral monster…making
  over so many children; that each child has enough