第 5 节
作者:      更新:2021-11-05 20:38      字数:9322
  amazing lyric world; where immortal clarities sigh past in the
  perfumes of the blossoms; populate the breathings of the breeze;
  throng and twinkle in the leaves that twirl upon the bough; where
  the very grass is all a…rustle with lovely spirit…things; and a
  weeping mist of music fills the air。  The final scenes especially
  are such a Bacchic reel and rout and revelry of beauty as leaves one
  staggered and giddy; poetry is spilt like wine; music runs to
  drunken waste。  The choruses sweep down the wind; tirelessly; flight
  after flight; till the breathless soul almost cries for respite from
  the unrolling splendours。  Yet these scenes; so wonderful from a
  purely poetical standpoint that no one could wish them away; are (to
  our humble thinking) nevertheless the artistic error of the poem。
  Abstractedly; the development of Shelley's idea required that he
  should show the earthly paradise which was to follow the fall of
  Zeus。  But dramatically with that fall the action ceases; and the
  drama should have ceased with it。  A final chorus; or choral series;
  of rejoicings (such as does ultimately end the drama where
  Prometheus appears on the scene) would have been legitimate enough。
  Instead; however; the bewildered reader finds the drama unfolding
  itself through scene after scene which leaves the action precisely
  where it found it; because there is no longer an action to advance。
  It is as if the choral finale of an opera were prolonged through two
  acts。
  We have; nevertheless; called Prometheus Shelley's greatest poem
  because it is the most comprehensive storehouse of his power。  Were
  we asked to name the most PERFECT among his longer efforts; we
  should name the poem in which he lamented Keats:  under the shed
  petals of his lovely fancy giving the slain bird a silken burial。
  Seldom is the death of a poet mourned in true poetry。  Not often is
  the singer coffined in laurel…wood。  Among the very few exceptions
  to such a rule; the greatest is Adonais。  In the English language
  only Lycidas competes with it; and when we prefer Adonais to
  Lycidas; we are following the precedent set in the case of Cicero:
  Adonais is the longer。  As regards command over abstraction; it is
  no less characteristically Shelleian than Prometheus。  It is
  throughout a series of abstractions vitalised with daring
  exquisiteness; from Morning who sought:
  Her eastern watch…tower; and her hair unbound;
  Wet with the tears which should adorn the ground;
  and who
  Dimmed the aerial eyes that kindle day;
  to the Dreams that were the flock of the dead shepherd; the Dreams
  Whom near the living streams
  Of his young spirit he fed; and whom he taught
  The love that was its music;
  of whom one sees; as she hangs mourning over him;
  Upon the silken fringe of his faint eyes;
  Like dew upon a sleeping flower; there lies
  A tear some dream has loosened from his brain!
  Lost angel of a ruined Paradise!
  She knew not 'twas her own; as with no stain
  She faded like a cloud which hath outwept its rain。
  In the solar spectrum; beyond the extreme red and extreme violet
  rays; are whole series of colours; demonstrable; but imperceptible
  to gross human vision。  Such writing as this we have quoted renders
  visible the invisibilities of imaginative colour。
  One thing prevents Adonais from being ideally perfect:  its lack of
  Christian hope。  Yet we remember well the writer of a popular memoir
  on Keats proposing as 〃the best consolation for the mind pained by
  this sad record〃 Shelley's inexpressibly sad exposition of
  Pantheistic immortality:
  He is a portion of the loveliness
  Which once he made more lovely; etc。
  What desolation can it be that discerns comfort in this hope; whose
  wan countenance is as the countenance of a despair?  What deepest
  depth of agony is it that finds consolation in this immortality:  an
  immortality which thrusts you into death; the maw of Nature; that
  your dissolved elements may circulate through her veins?
  Yet such; the poet tells me; is my sole balm for the hurts of life。
  I am as the vocal breath floating from an organ。  I too shall fade
  on the winds; a cadence soon forgotten。  So I dissolve and die; and
  am lost in the ears of men:  the particles of my being twine in
  newer melodies; and from my one death arise a hundred lives。  Why;
  through the thin partition of this consolation Pantheism can hear
  the groans of its neighbour; Pessimism。  Better almost the black
  resignation which the fatalist draws from his own hopelessness; from
  the fierce kisses of misery that hiss against his tears。
  With some gleams; it is true; of more than mock solace; Adonais is
  lighted; but they are obtained by implicitly assuming the personal
  immortality which the poem explicitly denies; as when; for instance;
  to greet the dead youth;
  The inheritors of unfulfilled renown 'thought
  Rose from their thrones; built beyond mortal
  Far in the unapparent。
  And again the final stanza of the poem:
  The breath whose might I have invoked in song
  Descends on me; my spirit's bark is driven
  Far from the shore; far from the trembling throng
  Whose sails were never to the tempest riven;
  The massy earth; the sphered skies are given:
  I am borne darkly; fearfully afar;
  Whilst; burning through the inmost veil of heaven;
  The soul of Adonais like a star
  Beacons from the abode where the eternal are。
  The Soul of Adonais?Adonais; who is but
  A portion of the loveliness
  Which once he made more lovely。
  After all; to finish where we began; perhaps the poems on which the
  lover of Shelley leans most lovingly; which he has oftenest in his
  mind; which best represent Shelley to him and which he instinctively
  reverts to when Shelley's name is mentioned are some of the shorter
  poems and detached lyrics。  Here Shelley forgets for a while all
  that ever makes his verse turbid; forgets that he is anything but a
  poet; forgets sometimes that he is anything but a child; lies back
  in his skiff; and looks at the clouds。  He plays truant from earth;
  slips through the wicket of fancy into heaven's meadow; and goes
  gathering stars。  Here we have that absolute virgin…gold of song
  which is the scarcest among human products; and for which we can go
  to but three poetsColeridge; Shelley; Chopin; {8} and perhaps we
  should add Keats。  Christabel and Kubla…Khan; The Skylark; The
  Cloud; and The Sensitive Plant (in its first two parts)。  The Eve of
  Saint Agnes and The Nightingale; certain of the Nocturnes;these
  things make very quintessentialised loveliness。  It is attar of
  poetry。
  Remark; as a thing worth remarking; that; although Shelley's diction
  is at other times singularly rich; it ceases in these poems to be
  rich; or to obtrude itself at all; it is imperceptible; his Muse has
  become a veritable Echo; whose body has dissolved from about her
  voice。  Indeed; when his diction is richest; nevertheless the poetry
  so dominates the expression that we feel the latter only as an
  atmosphere until we are satiated with the former; then we discover
  with surprise to how imperial a vesture we had been blinded by
  gazing on the face of his song。  A lesson; this; deserving to be
  conned by a generation so opposite in tendency as our own:  a lesson
  that in poetry; as in the Kingdom of God; we should not take thought
  too greatly wherewith we shall be clothed; but seek first {9} the
  spirit; and all these things will be added unto us。
  On the marvellous music of Shelley's verse we need not dwell; except
  to note that he avoids that metronomic beat of rhythm which Edgar
  Poe introduced into modern lyric measures; as Pope introduced it
  into the rhyming heroics of his day。  Our varied metres are becoming
  as painfully over…polished as Pope's one metre。  Shelley could at
  need sacrifice smoothness to fitness。  He could write an anapaest
  that would send Mr。 Swinburne into strong shudders (e。g。; 〃stream
  did glide〃) when he instinctively felt that by so forgoing the more
  obvious music of melody he would better secure the higher music of
  harmony。  If we have to add that in other ways he was far from
  escaping the defects of his merits; and would sometimes have to
  acknowledge that his Nilotic flood too often overflowed its banks;
  what is this but saying that he died young?
  It may be thought that in our casual comments on Shelley's life we
  have been blind to its evil side。  That; however; is not the case。
  We see clearly that he committed grave sins; and one cruel crime;
  but we remember also that he was an Atheist from his boyhood; we
  reflect how gross must have been the moral neglect in the training
  of a child who COULD be an Atheist from his boyhood:  and we decline
  to judge so unhappy a being by the rules which we should apply to a
  Catholic。  It seems to us that Shelley was strugglingblindly;
  weakly; stumblingly; but still struggling