that　passed。　　There　were　many　notches。　　I　sharpened　the　knife　on　a
  flat　piece　of　rock；　and　no　barber　was　ever　more　careful　of　his
  favourite　razor　than　was　I　of　that　knife。　　Nor　did　ever　a　miser
  prize　his　treasure　as　did　I　prize　the　knife。　　It　was　as　precious　as
  my　life。　　In　truth；　it　was　my　life。
  By　many　repetitions；　I　managed　to　bring　back　out　of　the　jacket　the
  legend　that　was　carved　on　the　oar。　　At　first　I　could　bring　but
  little。　　Later；　it　grew　easier；　a　matter　of　piecing　portions
  together。　　And　at　last　I　had　the　thing　complete。　　Here　it　is：
  This　is　to　acquaint　the　person　into　whose　hands　this　Oar　may　fall；
  that　Daniel　Foss；　a　native　of　Elkton；　in　Maryland；　one　of　the　United
  States　of　America；　and　who　sailed　from　the　port　of　Philadelphia；　in
  1809；　on　board　the　brig　Negociator；　bound　to　the　Friendly　Islands；
  was　cast　upon　this　desolate　island　the　February　following；　where　he
  erected　a　hut　and　lived　a　number　of　years；　subsisting　on　sealshe
  being　the　last　who　survived　of　the　crew　of　said　brig；　which　ran　foul
  of　an　island　of　ice；　and　foundered　on　the　25th　Nov。　1809。
  There　it　was；　quite　clear。　　By　this　means　I　learned　a　lot　about
  myself。　　One　vexed　point；　however；　I　never　did　succeed　in　clearing
  up。　　Was　this　island　situated　in　the　far　South　Pacific　or　the　far
  South　Atlantic？　　I　do　not　know　enough　of　sailing…ship　tracks　to　be
  certain　whether　the　brig　Negociator　would　sail　for　the　Friendly
  Islands　via　Cape　Horn　or　via　the　Cape　of　Good　Hope。　　To　confess　my
  own　ignorance；　not　until　after　I　was　transferred　to　Folsom　did　I
  learn　in　which　ocean　were　the　Friendly　Islands。　　The　Japanese
  murderer；　whom　I　have　mentioned　before；　had　been　a　sailmaker　on
  board　the　Arthur　Sewall　ships；　and　he　told　me　that　the　probable
  sailing　course　would　be　by　way　of　the　Cape　of　Good　Hope。　　If　this
  were　so；　then　the　dates　of　sailing　from　Philadelphia　and　of　being
  wrecked　would　easily　determine　which　ocean。　　Unfortunately；　the
  sailing　date　is　merely　1809。　　The　wreck　might　as　likely　have
  occurred　in　one　ocean　as　the　other。
  Only　once　did　I；　in　my　trances；　get　a　hint　of　the　period　preceding
  the　time　spent　on　the　island。　　This　begins　at　the　moment　of　the
  brig's　collision　with　the　iceberg；　and　I　shall　narrate　it；　if　for　no
  other　reason；　at　least　to　give　an　account　of　my　curiously　cool　and
  deliberate　conduct。　　This　conduct　at　this　time；　as　you　shall　see；
  was　what　enabled　me　in　the　end　to　survive　alone　of　all　the　ship's
  company。
  I　was　awakened；　in　my　bunk　in　the　forecastle；　by　a　terrific　crash。
  In　fact；　as　was　true　of　the　other　six　sleeping　men　of　the　watch
  below；　awaking　and　leaping　from　bunk　to　floor　were　simultaneous。　　We
  knew　what　had　happened。　　The　others　waited　for　nothing；　rushing　only
  partly　clad　upon　deck。　　But　I　knew　what　to　expect；　and　I　did　wait。
  I　knew　that　if　we　escaped　at　all；　it　would　be　by　the　longboat。　　No
  man　could　swim　in　so　freezing　a　sea。　　And　no　man；　thinly　clad；　could
  live　long　in　the　open　boat。　　Also；　I　knew　just　about　how　long　it
  would　take　to　launch　the　boat。
  So；　by　the　light　of　the　wildly　swinging　slush…lamp；　to　the　tumult　on
  deck　and　to　cries　of　〃She's　sinking！〃　I　proceeded　to　ransack　my　sea…
  chest　for　suitable　garments。　　Also；　since　they　would　never　use　them
  again；　I　ransacked　the　sea　chests　of　my　shipmates。　　Working　quickly
  but　collectedly；　I　took　nothing　but　the　warmest　and　stoutest　of
  clothes。　　I　put　on　the　four　best　woollen　shirts　the　forecastle
  boasted；　three　pairs　of　pants；　and　three　pairs　of　thick　woollen
  socks。　　So　large　were　my　feet　thus　incased　that　I　could　not　put　on
  my　own　good　boots。　　Instead；　I　thrust　on　Nicholas　Wilton's　new
  boots；　which　were　larger　and　even　stouter　than　mine。　　Also；　I　put　on
  Jeremy　Nalor's　pea　jacket　over　my　own；　and；　outside　of　both；　put　on
  Seth　Richard's　thick　canvas　coat　which　I　remembered　he　had　fresh…
  oiled　only　a　short　while　previous。
  Two　pairs　of　heavy　mittens；　John　Robert's　muffler　which　his　mother
  had　knitted　for　him；　and　Joseph　Dawes'　beaver　cap　atop　my　own；　both
  bearing　ear…and　neck…flaps；　completed　my　outfitting。　　The　shouts
  that　the　brig　was　sinking　redoubled；　but　I　took　a　minute　longer　to
  fill　my　pockets　with　all　the　plug　tobacco　I　could　lay　hands　on。
  Then　I　climbed　out　on　deck；　and　not　a　moment　too　soon。
  The　moon；　bursting　through　a　crack　of　cloud；　showed　a　bleak　and
  savage　picture。　　Everywhere　was　wrecked　gear；　and　everywhere　was
  ice。　　The　sails；　ropes；　and　spars　of　the　mainmast；　which　was　still
  standing；　were　fringed　with　icicles；　and　there　came　over　me　a
  feeling　almost　of　relief　in　that　never　again　should　I　have　to　pull
  and　haul　on　the　stiff　tackles　and　hammer　ice　so　that　the　frozen
  ropes　could　run　through　the　frozen　shivs。　　The　wind；　blowing　half　a
  gale；　cut　with　the　sharpness　that　is　a　sign　of　the　proximity　of
  icebergs；　and　the　big　seas　were　bitter　cold　to　look　upon　in　the
  moonlight。
  The　longboat　was　lowering　away　to　larboard；　and　I　saw　men；
  struggling　on　the　ice…sheeted　deck　with　barrels　of　provisions；
  abandon　the　food　in　their　haste　to　get　away。　　In　vain　Captain
  Nicholl　strove　with　them。　　A　sea；　breaching　across　from　windward；
  settled　the　matter　and　sent　them　leaping　over　the　rail　in　heaps。　　I
  gained　the　captain's　shoulder；　and；　holding　on　to　him；　I　shouted　in
  his　ear　that　if　he　would　board　the　boat　and　prevent　the　men　from
  casting　off；　I　would　attend　to　the　provisioning。
  Little　time　was　given　me；　however。　　Scarcely　had　I　managed；　helped
  by　the　second　mate；　Aaron　Northrup；　to　lower　away　half…a…dozen
  barrels　and　kegs；　when　all　cried　from　the　boat　that　they　were
  casting　off。　　Good　reason　they　had。　　Down　upon　us　from　windward　was
  drifting　a　towering　ice…mountain；　while　to　leeward；　close　aboard；
  was　another　ice…mountain　upon　which　we　were　driving。
  Quicker　in　his　leap　was　Aaron　Northrup。　　I　delayed　a　moment；　even　as
  the　boat　was　shoving　away；　in　order　to　select　a　spot　amidships　where
  the　men　were　thickest；　so　that　their　bodies　might　break　my　fall。　　I
  was　not　minded　to　embark　with　a　broken　member　on　so　hazardous　a
  voyage　in　the　longboat。　　That　the　men　might　have　room　at　the　oars；　I
  worked　my　way　quickly　aft　into　the　sternsheets。　　Certainly；　I　had
  other　and　sufficient　reasons。　　It　would　be　more　comfortable　in　the
  sternsheets　than　in　the　narrow　bow。　　And　further；　it　would　be　well
  to　be　near　the　afterguard　in　whatever　troubles　that　were　sure　to
  arise　under　such　circumstances　in　the　days　to　come。
  In　the　sternsheets　were　the　mate；　Walter　Drake；　the　surgeon；　Arnold
  Bentham；　Aaron　Northrup；　and　Captain　Nicholl；　who　was　steering。　　The
  surgeon　was　bending　over　Northrup；　who　lay　in　the　bottom　groaning。
  Not　so　fortunate　had　he　been　in　his　ill…considered　leap；　for　he　had
  broken　his　right　leg　at　the　hip　joint。
  There　was　little　time　for　him　then；　however；　for　we　were　labouring
  in　a　heavy　sea　directly　between　the　two　ice　islands　that　were
  rushing　together。　　Nicholas　Wilton；　at　the　stroke　oar；　was　cramped
  for　room；　so　I　better　stowed　the　barrels；　and；　kneeling　and　facing
  him；　was　able　to　add　my　weight　to　the　oar。　　For'ard；　I　could　see
  John　Roberts　straining　at　the　bow　oar。　　Pulling　on　his　shoulders
  from　behind；　Arthur　Haskins　and　the　boy；　Benny　Hardwater；　added
  their　weight　to　his。　　In　fact；　so　eager　were　all　hands　to　help　that
  more　than　one　was　thus　in　the　way　and　cluttered　the　movements　of　the
  rowers。
  It　was　close　work；　but　we　went　clear　by　a　matter　of　a　hundred　yards；
  so　that　I　was　able　to　turn　my　head　and　see　the　untimely　end　of　the
  Negociator。　　She　was　caught　squarely　in　the　pinch　and　she　was
  squeezed　between　the　ice　as　a　sugar　plum　might　be　squeezed　between
  thumb　and　forefinger　of　a　boy。　　In　the　shouting　of　the　wind　and　the
  roar　of　water　we　heard　nothing；　although　the　crack　of　the　brig's
  stout　ribs　and　deckbeams　must　have　been　enough　to　waken　a　hamlet　on
  a　peaceful　night。
  Silently；　easily；　the　brig's　sides　squeezed　together；　the　deck
  bulged　up；　and　the　crushed　remnant　dropped　down　and　was　gone；　while
  where　she　had　been　was　occupied　by　the　grinding　conflict　of　the　ice…
  islands。　　I　felt　regret　at　the　destruction　of　this　haven　against　the
  elements；　but　at　the　same　time　was　well　pleased　at　thought　of　my
  snugness　inside　my　four　shirts　and　three　coats。
  Yet　it　proved　a　bitter　night；　even　for　me。　　I　was　the　warmest　clad
  in　the　boat。　　What　the　others　must　have　suffered　I　did　not　care　to
  dwell　upon　over　much。　　For　fear　that　we　might　meet　up　with　more　ice
  in　the　darkness；　we　bailed　and　held　the　boat　bow…on　to　the　seas。
  And　continually；　now　with　one　mitten；　now　with　the　other；　I　rubbed
  my　nose　that　it　might　not　freeze。　　Also；　with　memories　lively　in　me
  of　the　home　circle　in　Elkton；　I　prayed　to　God。
  In　the　morning　we　took　stock。　　To　commence　with；　all　but　two　or
  three　had　suffered　frost…bite。　　Aaron　Northrup；　unable　to　move
  because　of　his　broken　hip；　was　very　bad。　　It　was　the　surgeon's
  opinion　that　both　of　Northrup's　feet　were　hopelessly　froz