introduced　with　the　fingers；　not　to　the　fore　part　of　the　nose；　but
  to　the　depressed　portion；　and　the　physician　is　to　take　hold　of　the
  nose　externally　on　both　sides；　and　at　the　same　time　raise　it　up。　And
  if　the　fracture　be　much　in　the　fore　part　one　may　introduce　into　the
  nostrils　as　already　stated；　either　caddis　scraped　from　a　linen
  towel；　or　something　such　wrapped　up　in　a　piece　of　cloth；　or　rather
  stitched　in　Carthaginian　leather；　and　moulded　into　a　shape　suitable　to
  the　place　into　which　it　is　to　be　introduced。　But　if　the　fracture　be　at
  a　greater　distance；　it　is　not　possible　to　introduce　anything　within；
  for　if　it　was　irksome　to　bear　anything　of　the　kind　in　the　fore　part；
  how　is　it　not　to　be　so　when　introduced　farther　in？　At　first；　then；
  by　rectifying　the　parts　from　within；　and　sparing　no　pains　upon　them
  from　without；　they　are　to　be　brought　to　their　natural　position；　and
  set。　A　fractured　nose　may　be　readily　restored　to　shape；　especially
  on　the　day　of　the　accident；　or　even　a　little　later；　but　the　physicians
  act　irresolutely；　and　touch　it　more　delicately　at　first　than　they
  should；　for　the　fingers　should　be　applied　on　both　sides　along　the
  natural　line　of　the　nose；　and　it　is　to　be　pushed　downward；　and　thus；
  with　pressure　from　within；　the　displacement　is　to　be　rectified。　But
  for　these　purposes　no　physician　is　equal　to　the　index…fingers　of　the
  patient　himself；　if　he　will　pay　attention　and　has　resolution；　for　they
  are　the　most　natural　means。　Either　of　the　fingers　is　to　be　placed
  firmly　along　the　whole　nose；　and　thus　it　is　to　be　gently　held；　and
  steadily；　if　possible　until　it　become　firm；　but　if　not；　he　himself
  is　to　hold　it　for　as　long　a　time　as　possible；　or　if　he　cannot；　a　child
  or　woman　should　do　it；　for　the　hands　ought　to　be　soft。　Thus　may　a
  fracture　of　the　nose；　attended　with　depression；　and　not　with
  displacement　to　the　side；　but　in　a　straight　line；　be　most　properly
  treated。　I　have　never　seen　a　case　of　fractured　nose　which　could　not　be
  rectified　when　attempted；　before　callus　is　formed；　provided　the
  treatment　be　properly　applied。　But　although　men　would　give　a　great
  price　to　escape　being　deformed；　yet　at　the　same　time　they　do　not
  know　how　to　take　care；　nor　have　resolution；　if　they　do　not
  experience　pain；　nor　fear　death；　although　the　formation　of　callus　in
  the　nose　speedily　place；　for　the　most　part　is　consolidated　in　ten
  days；　provided　sphacelus　do　not　take　place。
  38。　When　the　fractured　bone　is　displaced　laterally；　the　treatment　is
  the　same；　but　it　is　obvious　that　the　reduction　is　to　be　made；　not　by
  applying　equal　force　on　both　sides；　but　by　pushing　the　displaced
  portion　into　its　natural　position；　and　pressing　on　it　from　without；
  and　introducing　something　into　the　nostrils；　and　boldly　rectifying　the
  fragments　which　incline　inward；　until　the　whole　be　properly
  adjusted；　well　knowing　that　if　you　do　not　restore　the　parts　at　once；
  it　is　impossible　but　that　the　nose　must　be　distorted。　But　when　you
  restore　the　parts　to　their　natural　position；　either　the　patient
  himself；　or　some　other　person；　is　to　apply　one　finger　or　more　to　the
  part　which　protrudes；　and　keep　it　in　position　until　the　fracture　be
  consolidated；　but　the　little　finger　is；　from　time　to　time；　to　be
  pushed　into　the　nostril；　to　rectify　the　parts　which　incline　inward。
  When　any　inflammation　supervenes；　dough　must　be　used；　but　attention
  must　still　be　equally　paid　to　the　application　of　the　fingers；　although
  the　dough　be　on　the　part。　But　if　the　fracture　be　in　the　cartilage；
  with　lateral　displacement；　the　end　of　the　nose　must　necessarily　be
  distorted。　In　such　cases　some　of　the　aforementioned　means　of
  reduction；　or　whatever　suits；　is　to　be　introduced　into　the　nostril；
  but　there　are　many　convenient　things　to　be　found　which　have　no
  smell；　and　are　appropriate　in　other　respects；　thus；　on　one　occasion；　I
  introduced　a　slice　of　sheep's　lung；　as　it　happened　to　be　at　hand；
  for　sponges；　if　introduced；　imbibe　humidities。　Then　the　outer　skin
  of　Carthaginian　leather　it　to　be　taken；　and　a　piece　of　the　size　of　the
  thumb；　or　what　will　answer；　is　to　be　cut　off　and　glued　to　the
  outside　of　the　nostril　which　is　turned　aside；　and　then　this　piece　of
  thong　is　to　be　stretched　to　the　proper　degree；　or　rather　a　little　more
  than　what　will　be　sufficient　to　make　the　nose　straight　and　regular。
  Then　（for　the　thong　must　be　long）　it　is　to　be　brought　below　the　ear
  and　round　the　head；　and　the　end　of　the　thong　may　either　be　glued　to
  the　forehead；　or　a　still　longer　one　may　be　carried　all　round　the　head；
  and　secured。　This　is　a　natural　mode　of　setting　the　nose；　is　of　easy
  application；　and　is　calculated　to　enable　the　counter…extension　on
  the　nose　to　be　made　greater　or　less；　as　you　may　incline。　In　a　case
  where　the　fractured　nose　is　turned　to　the　side；　the　treatment　is　to　be
  conducted　otherwise；　as　already　described；　and　in　most　of　them　the
  thong　ought　to　be　glued　to　the　end　of　the　nose；　in　order　to　make
  extension　in　the　opposite　direction。
  39。　When　the　fracture　is　complicated　with　a　wound；　one　need　not　be
  troubled　on　that　account；　but　pitch…cerate　or　any　of　the
  applications　for　fresh　wounds　is　to　be　applied　to　the　sores；　for；　in
  general；　they　admit　of　easy　cure；　even　when　there　is　reason　to
  apprehend　that　pieces　of　bone　will　come　out。　The　parts；　at　first；
  are　to　be　adjusted　fearlessly；　taking　care　that　nothing　is　omitted；
  and；　subsequently；　they　are　also　to　be　adjusted　with　the　fingers；　more
  softly；　indeed；　but　still　it　must　be　done；　and　of　all　parts　of　the
  body　the　nose　is　modeled　with　the　greatest　ease。　And　there　is
  nothing　to　prevent　us　from　having　recourse　to　the　practice　of　gluing
  on　the　thongs；　and　drawing　the　nose　to　the　opposite　side；　even　if
  there　be　a　wound　or　the　parts　be　inflamed；　for　these　thongs　give　no
  pain。
  40。　In　fractures　of　the　ear　all　sorts　of　bandages　do　harm。　For　one
  would　not　think　of　applying　it　quite　loose；　and　if　applied　more
  tightly；　it　only　does　the　more　harm；　for　even　the　sound　ear；　when
  confined　with　a　bandage；　becomes　painful；　throbs；　and　gets　into　a
  febrile　state。　With　regard　to　cataplasms；　the　heaviest；　on　the
  whole；　are　the　worst；　but　almost　all　kinds　are　bad；　form　abscesses；
  occasion　an　increase　of　humors；　and　afterward　troublesome
  suppurations；　and　a　fractured　ear　stands　in　less　need　of　such
  applications　than　any　other　part；　the　most　ready；　if　required；　is
  the　paste　of　meal；　but　neither　should　it　have　weight。　It　should
  touch　as　little　as　possible；　for　it　is　a　good　sometimes　to　apply
  nothing　at　all；　both　to　the　ear　and　to　many　other　cases。　Attention
  must　be　paid　to　the　patient's　position　during　sleep。　And　the　body　must
  be　reduced；　more　especially　if　there　be　danger　lest　the　ear　suppurate；
  it　will　also　be　better　to　open　the　bowels；　and　if　the　patient　can　be
  readily　made　to　vomit；　this　may　be　accomplished　by　means　of　the
  syrmaism。　If　the　part　come　to　suppuration；　it　should　not　be　hastily
  opened；　for　often　when　matter　appears　to　be　formed　it　is　absorbed
  again；　even　when　no　cataplasm　is　applied。　But　if　forced　to　open　it；
  the　part　will　get　soonest　well　if　transfixed　with　a　cautery；　and　yet
  it　should　be　well　understood　that　the　ear　gets　maimed；　and　is　less
  than　the　other　if　burned　through。　If　not　burned　through；　an
  incision；　and　not　a　very　small　one；　should　be　made　on　the　upper
  side；　for　the　pus　is　found　to　be　surrounded　with　a　thicker　covering
  than　one　would　have　supposed；　and　it　may　be　said；　in　general；　that　all
  parts　of　a　mucous　nature　and　which　form　mucus；　as　being　all　viscid；
  when　touched；　slip　from　below　the　fingers　to　either　side；　and　on
  that　account　the　physician；　in　such　cases；　finds　that　he　has　to　pass
  his　instrument　through　a　thicker　substance　than　he　supposed；　and　in
  certain　ganglionic　cases；　when　the　skin　is　flabby　and　mucous；　many
  physicians　open　them；　expecting　to　find　a　collection　in　them；　here　the
  physician　forms　a　wrong　judgment；　but　by　such　a　procedure　no　great
  harm　results　to　the　patient　from　having　had　the　part　opened。　But
  with　regard　to　watery　parts；　and　such　as　are　filled　with　mucus；　and
  which　are　situated　in　regions　where　every　one　of　the　parts；　if　opened；
  will　occasion　death　or　some　other　injury；　these　will　be　treated　of
  in　another　work。　When；　therefore；　incision　is　made　in　the　ear；　all
  sorts　of　cataplasms　and　pledges　should　be　avoided；　and　it　is　to　be
  treated　either　with　applications　for　recent　wounds；　or　anything　else
  which　is　neither　heavy　nor　will　occasion　pain；　for　if　the　cartilage　be
  laid　bare　and　abscesses　form；　the　case　will　be　troublesome；　this
  happens　from　such　modes　of　treatment。　In　all　aggravated　cases；　the
  most　effectual　remedy　is　the　transfixing　of　the　part　with　a　hot　iron。
  41。　The　vertebrae　of　the　spine　when　contracted　into　a　hump　behind
  from　disease；　for　the　most　part　cannot　be　remedied；　more　especially
  when　the　gibbosity　is　above　the　attachment　of　the　diaphragm　to　the
  spine。　Certain　of　those　below　the　diaphragm　are　carried　off　by　varices
  in　the　legs；　more　especially　by　such　as　occur　in　the　vein　at　the
  ham；　and　in　those　cases　where　the　gibbosities　are　removed；　the　varices
  take　place　also　in　the　groin；　and　some　have　been　carried　off　by　a
  dysentery　when　it　becomes　chronic。　And　when　the　gibbosity　occurs　in
  youth　before　the　b