1651。　　By　him　Lady　Anna　had　　two　sons；　Charles　and　Colin。　　Charles　succeeded　his　father；　and　died　　unmarried。　　Colin　then　became　third　Earl；　and　married　Jane；　daughter　of　　David；　Earl　of　Northesk；　by　whom　he　had　issue　an　only　daughter；　who　　married　Alexander　Erikine；　third　Earl　of　Kellie。　　Secondly；　the　Earl　of　　Balcarres　married　Jane；　daughter　of　William；　second　Earl　of　Roxburgh；　by　　whom　he　had　an　only　daughter；　who　married　John　Fleming；　sixth　Earl　of　　Wigton。　　This　Earl　of　Balcarres　married　a　third　time　Margaret；　daughter　of　　James　Campbell；　Earl　of　Loudon；　by　whom　he　had　two　sons；　Alexander　　and　James。　　Alexander　succeeded　his　father；　but　died　without　issue；　and　　was　succeeded　by　James；　fifth　Earl　of　Balcarres；　from　whom　the　present　　line　descends　uninterruptedly；　carrying　along　with　it；　in　right　of　the　said　　Anna　Mackenzie；　daughter　of　Colin；　first　Earl　of　Seaforth；　first　Countess　of　Balcarres；　the　lineal　representation　of　the　ancient　House　of　Kintail。
  Anna　married；　secondly；　Archibald；　ninth　Earl　of　Argyll；　beheaded　in　　1685；　and　died　in　1706。
  III。　　Jean；　who　married　John；　Master　of　Berriedale；　with　issue；　George；　sixth　Earl　of　Caithness；　who　died　without　issue　in　1676。　She　　afterwards　married　Lord　Duffus；　with　issue；　and　died　in　1648。　His　lordship　died；　as　already　stated；　at　Chanonry　on　the　15th　of　April；　1633；　and　was　buried　in　the　Cathedral　Church　of　Fortrose　in　a　spot　chosen　by　himself。　　His　son；　Lord　Alexander；　having　died　before　his　　father；　on　the　3d　of　June；　1629；　and　Colin　having　had　no　other　issue　male；　　he　was　succeeded　by　his　brother；
  XIV。　　GEORGE；　　SECOND　　EARL　　OF　　SEAFORTH；
  THIRD　　LORD　　MACKENZIE　　OF　　KINTAIL；　eldest　son　of　Kenneth；　the　first　Lord；　by　his　second　marriage。　　During　the　life　of　his　father　and　　brother　he　was　known　as　George　Mackenzie　of　Kildun。　　In　1633　he　was　　〃served　heir　male　to　his　brother　Colin；　Earl　of　Seaforth；　Lord　Mackenzie　　of　Kintail；　in　the　lands　and　barony　of　Ellandonnan；　including　the　barony　of　　Lochalsh；　in　which　was　included　the　barony　of　the　lands　and　towns　of　　Lochcarron；　namely；　the　towns　and　lands　of　Auchnaschelloch；　Coullin；　　Edderacharron；　Attadill；　Ruychichan；　Brecklach；　Achachoull；　　　Delmartyne；　with　fishings　in　salt　water　and　fresh；　Dalcharlarie；　　Arrinachteg；　Achintie；　Slumba；　Doune；　Stromcarronach；　in　the　Earldom　of　　Ross；　of　the　old　extent　of　？3　6s　8d；　and　also　the　towns　of　Kisserin；　and　lands　of　Strome；　with　fishings　in　salt　and　fresh　water；　and　the　towns　and　lands　of　Torridan　with　the　pertinents　of　the　Castle　of　Strome；　Lochalsh；　Lochcarron；　and　Kisserin；　including　the　davach　of　Achvanie；　the　davach　of　Achnatrait；　the　davach　of　Stromcastell；　Ardnagald；　Ardneskan；　and　Blaad；　　and　the　half　davach　of　Sannachan；　Rassoll；　Meikle　Strome；　and　Rerag；　in　　the　Earldom　of　Ross；　together　of　the　old　extent　of　？　13s　4d。〃　＇Origines　　Parochiales　Scotiae；　p。　401。＇　　He　was　served　heir　male　to　his　father　　Kenneth；　Lord　Mackenzie　of　Kintail；　in　the　lands　and　barony　of　　Pluscardine；　on　the　14th　of　January；　1620；　and　had　charters　of　Balmungie　　and　Avoch；　on　the　18th　of　July；　1635；　of　Raasay；　on　the　18th　of　February；　1637　and　of　Lochalsh；　on　the　4th　of　July；　1642。
  His　high　position　in　the　North；　and　his　intimate　friendship　at　this　　period　with　the　powerful　House　of　Sutherland；　is　proved　by　the　fact　that　　he　and　Sir　John　Mackenzie　of　Tarbat；　on　the　2d　of　November；　1633；　stood　　godfathers　to　George　Gordon；　second　son　of　John；　Earl　of　Sutherland；　and　　there　cannot　be　any　doubt　that　to　the　influence　of　the　latter　must　mainly　be　　attributed　Seaforth's　vacillating　conduct　during　the　earlier　years　of　the　great　civil　wars　which　became　the　curse　of　Scotland　for　so　many　years　　after。　In　1635　the　Privy　Council；　with　the　view　of　putting　down　the　irregularities　then　prevalent　in　the　Highlands；　demanded　securities　from　　the　chiefs　of　clans；　heads　of　families；　and　governors　of　counties；　in　　conformity　with　a　general　bond；　previously　agreed　to；　that　they　should　be　responsible　　for　their　clans　and　surnames；　men…tenants；　and　servants。
  The　　first　called　upon　to　give　this　security　was　the　Earl　of　Huntly；　then　followed　　the　Earls　of　Sutherland　and　Seaforth；　and　afterwards　Lord　Lorn　and　all　the　　chiefs　in　the　western　and　northern　parts　of　the　Kingdom。
  In　the　following　year　the　slumbering　embers　of　religious　　differences　broke　out　into　a　general　blaze　all　over　the　country。　　Then　　began　those　contentions　about　ecclesiastical　questions；　church　discipline　and　liturgies；　at　all　times　fraught　with　the　seeds　of　discontent　and　danger　　to　the　common　weal；　and　which　in　this　case　ultimately　led　to　such　sad　and　momentous　consequences　as　only　religious　feuds　can。　　Charles　I。　was　　playing　the　despot　with　his　subjects；　not　only　in　Scotland；　but　in　England。
  He　was　governing　without　a　Parliament；　defying　and　trying　to　crush　the　　desires　and　aspirations　of　a　people　born　to　govern　themselves　and　to　be　　free。　　His　infatuated　attempt　to　introduce　the　Liturgy　of　the　Church　of　England　into　the　Calvinistic　and　Presbyterian　pulpits　of　Scotland　was　as　　insane　as　it　was　unavailing。　　But　his　English　as　well　as　Scottish　subjects　　were　at　the　same　time　almost　in　open　rebellion　for　their　liberties。　　He　tried　　to　put　down　the　rising　in　Scotland　by　the　sword；　but　his　means　and　　military　skill　were　unequal　to　the　task。　　He　failed　to　impose　the　English　Liturgy　on　his　Scottish　subjects；　but　his　attempt　to　do　so　proved　the　deliverance　of　his　English　subjects　from　high…handed　tyranny。　It　is　only　natural　that　in　these　circumstances　Seaforth；　though　personally　attached　to　　the　King；　should　be　found　on　the　side　of　the　Covenant；　and　that　he　should　have　joined　the　Assembly；　the　clergy；　and　the　nobles　in　the　Protest；　and　in　　favour　of　the　renewal　of　the　Confession　of　Faith　previously　accepted　and　　confirmed　by　James　VI。　in　1580；　1581；　and　1590；　at　the　same　time　that　　these　several　bodies　entered　into　a　covenant　or　bond　of　mutual　defence　among　themselves　against　all　opposition　from　whatever　source。
  The　principal　among　the　Northern　nobles　who　entered　into　this　engagement　were　the　Earls　of　Seaforth　and　Sutherland；　Lord　Lovat；　the　　Rosses；　Munroes；　Grant　of　Grant；　Mackintosh　of　Mackintosh；　Innes；　the　　Sheriff　of　Moray；　Kilravock；　Cumming　of　Altyre；　and　the　Tutor　of　Duffus。
  These；　with　their　followers　under　command　of　the　Earl　of　Seaforth；　who　　was　appointed　General　of　the　Covenanters　north　of　the　Spey；　marched　to　　Morayshire；　where　they　met　the　Royalists　on　the　northern　banks　of　the　　river　ready　to　oppose　their　advance。　＇On　May　14；　1639；　4000　men　met　at　　Elgin　under　the　command　of　the　Earl　of　Seaforth；　and　the　gentlemen　　following；　viz。：The　Master　of　Lovat；　the　Master　of　Ray；　George；　brother　　to　the　Earl　of　Sutherland；　Sir　James　Sinclare　of　Murkle；　Laird　of　Grant；　　Young　Kilravock；　Sheriff　of　Murray；　Laird　of　Innes；　Tutor　of　Duffus；　　Hugh　Rose　of　Achnacloich；　John　Munro　of　Lemlare；　etc。　　They　encamped　　at　Speyside；　to　keep　the　Gordons　and　their　friends　from　entering　Murray；　　and　they　remained　encamped　till　the　pacification；　which　was　signed　June　　18；　was　proclaimed；　and　intimated　to　them　about　June　22。Shaw's　MS。　　History　of　Kilravock。＇　　An　arrangement　was　here　come　to　between　　Thomas　Mackenzie　of　Pluscardine；　Seaforth's　brother；　on　behalf　of　the　　Covenanters；　and　a　representative　from　the　Gordons　for　their　opponents；　　that　the　latter　should　recross　to　the　south　side　of　the　Spey；　and　that　the　　Highlanders　should　return　home。　　About　the　same　time　Seaforth　received　a　　despatch　from　Montrose；　then　at　Aberdeen　and　fighting　for　the　Covenant；　　intimating　the　pacification　entered　into　on　the　20th　of　June　between　the　　King　and　his　subjects　at　Berwick；　and　requesting　Seaforth　to　disband　his　　armyan　order　which　was　at　once　obeyed。　　Shortly　after；　however；　　Montrose　dissociated　himself　from　the　Covenanters；　joined　the　King's　　side　and　raised　the　Royal　standard。　　The　Earl　of　Seaforth　soon　after　this　was　suspected　of　lukewarmness　for　the　Covenant。　　In　1640　the　King　　arrived　at　York　on　his　way　north　to　reduce　the　Covenanting　Scots；　after　　they　had　resolved　to　invade　England；　and；　as　a　precautionary　measure；　to　imprison　or　expel　all　suspected　Royalists　from　the　army。　　Among　the　　suspects　are　found　the　Earl　of　Seaforth；　Lord　Reay；　and　several　others；　　who　were　taken　before　the　Assembly；　kept　in　ward　at　Edinburgh　for　two　　months；　and　in　1641；　on　the　King's　arrival　in　Scotland；　the　Earl　of　　Traquair；　who　had　been　summoned　before　Parliament　as　an　opponent　to　　the　Lords　of　the　Covenant　succeeded　in　persuading　the　Earls　of　Montrose；　　Wigton；　Athole；　Hume；　and　Seaforth　（who　had　meanwhile　escaped）；　and　　several　other　influential　chiefs；　to　join　in　a　bond　against　the　Covenanters。
  Soon　after　this　Montrose　leaves　Elgin　with　the　main　body　of　his　army；　and　marches　towards　the　Bog　of　Gight；　accompanied　by　the　Earl　of　　Seaforth；　Sir　Robert　Gordon；　Grant　of　Grant；　Mackenzie　of　Pluscardine；　　and　several　other　gentlemen　who　came　to　him　at　Elgin；　to　support　the　　King。　　After　this；　however；　fearing　that　depredations　might　be　committed　　upon　his　followers　by　a　garrison　of　two　regiments　then　stationed　at　　Inverness；　and　the　other　Covenanters　of　that　district；　he　permitted　　Seaforth；　Grant　of　Grant；　and　other　Morayshire　gentlemen；　to　return　home　　in　order　to　defend　their