第 18 节
作者:精灵王      更新:2021-04-30 17:23      字数:9322
  pairs;   but   how    it  obtains  its  food   by   them   is    yet  a  mystery;    for  its
  intestines are filled; like an       earth…worm's; with the mud in which it lives;
  and from which it        probably extracts (as does the earth…worm) all organic
  matters。
  You will find it stick to your fingers by the whole skin; causing;                   if
  your hand be delicate; a tingling sensation; and if you examine                   the skin
  under     the  microscope;      you   will  find   the  cause。    The    whole     skin    is
  studded with minute glass anchors; some hanging freely from                    the surface;
  but most imbedded in the skin。            Each of these anchors          is jointed at its
  root   into one  end of   a  curious   cribriform  plate;      …  in   plain   English;   one
  pierced like a sieve; which lies under the             skin; and reminds one of the
  similar plates in the skin of the        White Cucumaria; which I will show you
  presently; and both of these          we must regard as the first rudiments of an
  Echinoderm's   outside        skeleton;   such   as   in   the   Sea…urchins   covers   the
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  whole     body     of  the   animal。      (See     on   Echinus     Millaris;   p。  89。)   (7)
  Somewhat        similar     anchor…plates;      from    a   Red    Sea   species;    Synapta
  Vittata; may be seen         in any collection of microscopic objects。
  The    animal;    when     caught;    has   a  strange   habit   of   self…destruction;
  contracting its   skin   at   two   or three   different   points;   and   writhing    till   it
  snaps   itself   into   〃junks;〃   as   the  sailors   would   say;   and then   dies。    My
  specimens;       on   breaking    up;   threw    out  from    the    wounded       part  long
  〃ovarian filaments〃 (whatsoever those may be);                  similar to those thrown
  out    by   many     of   the   Sagartian     anemones;       especially      S。  parasitica。
  Beyond this; I can tell you nothing             about Synapta; and only ask you to
  consider its hands; as an         instance of that fantastic play of Nature which
  repeats;    in   families     widely    different;   organs    of  similar    form;   though
  perhaps      of    by   no   means     similar   use;   nay;   sometimes      (as   in  those
  beautiful     clear…wing   hawk…moths   which   you;   as   they   hover   round   the
  rhododendrons; mistake for bumble…bees) repeats the outward form of                         a
  whole   animal;   for   no   conceivable   reason   save   her   …   shall   we   not     say
  honestly His? … own good pleasure。
  But here we are at the old bank of boulders; the ruins of an                    antique
  pier   which   the   monks   of   Tor Abbey   built   for   their    convenience;   while
  Torquay was but a knot of fishing huts within a                  lonely limestone cove。
  To get to it; though; we have passed many a                  hidden treasure; for every
  ledge of these flat New…red…sandstone              rocks; if torn up with the crowbar;
  discloses   in   its   cracks   and  crannies   nests   of   strange   forms   which   shun
  the    light  of  day;    beautiful     Actiniae    fill  the  tiny  caverns    with   living
  flowers;   great     Pholades   (Plate   X。   figs。   3;   4)   bore   by   hundreds   in   the
  softer     strata;   and    wherever     a   thin  layer   of   muddy     sand    intervenes
  between       two slabs; long Annelid worms of quaintest forms and colours
  have     their   horizontal   burrows;      among   those      of  that   curious   and   rare
  radiate animal; the Spoonworm; (8) an eyeless bag about an inch                        long;
  half    bluish   grey;   half   pink;   with    a  strange    scalloped    and     wrinkled
  proboscis of saffron colour; which serves; in some                  mysterious way; soft
  as it is; to collect food; and clear its dark         passage through the rock。
  See; at the extreme low…water mark; where the broad olive fronds of
  the Laminariae; like fan…palms; droop and wave gracefully in the                     retiring
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  ripples; a great boulder which will serve our purpose。                     Its upper side is a
  whole      forest   of   sea…weeds;      large   and   small;    and    that    forest;   if  you
  examined it closely; as full of inhabitants as                those of the Amazon or the
  Gambia。        To 〃beat〃 that dense cover            would be an endless task:            but on
  the   under   side;   where   no   sea…   weeds   grow;   we   shall   find   full   in   view
  enough to occupy us till the            tide returns。     For the slab; see; is such a one
  as   sea…beasts   love      to   haunt。    Its   weed…covered   surface   shows   that   the
  surge has not        shifted it for years past。        It lies on other boulders clear of
  sand     and mud; so that there is no fear of dead sea…weed having lodged
  and     decayed     under     it;  destructive    to   animal     life。  We      can   see   dark
  crannies and caves beneath; yet too narrow to allow the surge to                       wash in;
  and keep the surface clean。            It will be a fine menagerie           of Nereus; if we
  can but turn it。
  Now   the   crowbar   is   well   under   it;   heave;   and   with   a   will;   and   so;
  after     five   minutes'     tugging;      propping;      slipping;    and    splashing;      the
  boulder gradually tips over; and we rush greedily upon the spoil。
  A   muddy   dripping   surface         it  is;   truly;  full  of   cracks  and    hollows;
  uninviting enough at first sight:            let us look it round leisurely;           to see if
  there are not materials enough there for an hour's                 lecture。
  The   first   object   which   strikes   the   eye   is   probably   a   group   of   milk…
  white slugs; from two to six inches long; cuddling snugly together                        (Plate
  IX。 fig。 1)。      You try to pull them off; and find that they                give you some
  trouble;   such   a   firm   hold   have   the   delicate   white     sucking   arms;   which
  fringe   each   of   their   five   edges。     You   see   at     the   head    nothing   but    a
  yellow dimple; for eating and breathing are                   suspended till the return of
  tide;   but   once   settled   in   a   jar   of salt…water;   each   will   protrude   a   large
  chocolate…coloured head;            tipped with a ring of ten feathery gills; looking
  very   much   like   a     head   of   〃curled   kale;〃   but   of   the   loveliest   white   and
  primrose; in       the centre whereof lies perdu a mouth with sturdy teeth … if
  indeed      they;   as   well   as   the   whole   inside   of   the   beast;   have   not   been
  lately got rid of; and what you see be not a mere bag; without                     intestine or
  other     organ:     but    only   for   the   time    being。     For    hear    it;   worn…out
  epicures; and old Indians who bemoan your livers; this                       little Holothuria
  knows a secret   which;  if he   could   tell it;  you           would be glad to buy  of
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  him   for    thousands     sterling。   To    him   blue    pill   and   muriatic    acid   are
  superfluous;   and   travels   to   German       Brunnen   a   waste   of   time。     Happy
  Holothuria! who possesses really             the secret of everlasting youth; which
  ancient fable bestowed on           the serpent and the eagle。         For when his teeth
  ache; or his      digestive organs trouble him; all he has to do is just to cast
  up    forthwith   his   entire   inside;   and;   faisant   maigre   for   a   month   or   so;
  grow a fresh set; and then eat away as merrily as ever。                His name;      if you
  wish to consult so triumphant a hygeist; is Cucumaria                 Pentactes:      but he
  has    many     a  stout   cousin    round    the   Scotch     coast;    who     knows     the
  antibilious     panacea     as  well   as  he;   and   submits;    among      the   northern
  fishermen; to the rather rude and undeserved name of                   sea…puddings; one
  of    which    grows    in   Shetland    to   the  enormous      length     of   three   feet;
  rivalling there his huge congeners; who display               their exquisite plumes on
  every tropic coral reef。        (9)
  Next; what are those bright litt