letter；　a　confidential　agent；　to　observe　the　Baltic：　though　we　were　only
  64　leagues　from　Stralsund　the　most　uncertain　and　contradictory　accounts
  came　to　hand。　　It　was；　however；　certain　that　a　landing　of　the　Russians
  was　expected　at　Stralsund；　or　at　Travemtinde；　the　port　of　Lubeck；　at　the
  mouth　of　the　little　river　Trave。　　I　was　positively　informed　that　Russia
  had　freighted　a　considerable　number　of　vessels　for　those　ports。
  The　hatred　of　the　French　continued　to　increase　in　the　north　of　Europe。
  About　the　end　of　September　there　appeared　at　Kiel；　in　Denmark；　a
  libellous　pamphlet；　which　was　bought　and　read　with　inconceivable　avidity。
  This　pamphlet；　which　was　very　ably　written；　was　the　production　of　some
  fanatic　who　openly　preached　a　crusade　against　France。　　The　author
  regarded　the　blood　of　millions　of　men　as　a　trifling　sacrifice　for　the
  great　object　of　humiliating　France　and　bringing　her　back　to　the　limits　of
  the　old　monarchy。　　This　pamphlet　was　circulated　extensively　in　the　German
  departments　united　to　France；　in　Holland；　and　in　Switzerland。　　The　number
  of　incendiary　publications　which　everywhere　abounded　indicated　but　too
  plainly　that　if　the　nations　of　the　north　should　be　driven　back　towards
  the　Arctic　regions　they　would　in　their　turn　repulse　their　conquerors
  towards　the　south；　and　no　man　of　common　sense　could　doubt　that　if　the
  French　eagles　were　planted　in　foreign　capitals；　foreign　standards　would
  one　day　wave　over　Paris。
  On　the　30th　of　September　1805　I　received；　by　an　'estafette'；　intelligence
  of　the　landing　at　Stralsund　of　6000　Swedes；　who　had　arrived　from
  Stockholm　in　two　ships　of　war。
  About　the　end　of　September　the　Hamburg　exchange　on　Paris　fell　alarmingly。
  The　loss　was　twenty　per　cent。　　The　fall　stopped　at　seventeen　below　par。
  The　speculation　for　this　fall　of　the　exchange　had　been　made　with　equal
  imprudence　and　animosity　by　the　house　of　Osy　and　Company
  The　head　of　that　house；　a　Dutch　emigrant；　who　had　been　settled　at　Hamburg
  about　six　years；　seized　every　opportunity　of　manifesting　his　hatred　of
  France。　　An　agent　of　that　rich　house　at　Rotterdam　was　also　very　hostile
  to　us；　a　circumstance　which　shows　that　if　many　persons　sacrifice　their
  political　opinions　to　their　interests　there　are　others　who　endanger　their
  interests　for　the　triumph　of　their　opinions。
  On　the　23d　of　October　1805　I　received　official　intelligence　of　the　total
  destruction　of　the　first　Austrian　army：　General　Barbou；　who　was　in
  Hanover；　also　informed　me　of　that　event　in　the　following　terms：　〃　The
  first　Austrian　army　has　ceased　to　exist。〃　　He　alluded　to　the　brilliant
  affair　of　Ulm。　　I　immediately　despatched　twelve　estafettes　to　different
  parts；　among　other　places　to　Stralsund　and　Husum。　　I　thought　that　these
  prodigies；　which　must　have　been　almost　incredible　to　those　who　were
  unacquainted　with　Napoleon's　military　genius；　might　arrest　the　progress
  of　the　Russian　troops；　and　produces　some　change　in　the　movements　of　the
  enemy's　forces。　　A　second　edition　of　the　'Correspondent'　was　published
  with　this　intelligence；　and　6000　copies　were　sold　at　four　times　the　usual
  price。
  I　need　not　detain　the　reader　with　the　details　of　the　capitulation　of　Ulm；
  which　have　already　been　published；　but　I　may　relate　the　following
  anecdote；　which　is　not　generally　known。　　A　French　general　passing　before
  the　ranks　of　his　men　said　to　them；　〃Well；　comrades；　we　have　prisoners
  enough　here。〃〃yes　indeed；〃　replied　one　of　the　soldiers；　〃we　never　saw
  so　many　。　　。　　。　collected　together　before。〃　　It　was　stated　at　the　time；
  and　I　believe　it；　that　the　Emperor　was　much　displeased　when　he　heard　of
  this；　and　remarked　that　it　was　〃atrocious　to　insult　brave　men　to　whom　the
  fate　of　arms　had　proved　unfavourable。〃
  In　reading　the　history　of　this　period　we　find　that　in　whatever　place
  Napoleon　happened　to　be；　there　was　the　central　point　of　action。　　The
  affairs　of　Europe　were　arranged　at　his　headquarters　in　the　same　manner　as
  if　he　had　been　in　Paris。　　Everything　depended　on　his　good　or　bad　fortune。
  Espionage；　seduction；　false　promises；　exactions；all　were　put　in　force
  to　promote　the　success　of　his　projects；　but　his　despotism；　which　excited
  dissatisfaction　in　France；　and　his　continual　aggressions；　which
  threatened　the　independence　of　foreign　States；　rendered　him　more　and　more
  unpopular　everywhere。
  The　battle　of　Trafalgar　took　place　while　Napoleon　was　marching　on　Vienna；
  and　on　the　day　after　the　capitulation　of　Ulm。　　The　southern　coast　of
  Spain　then　witnessed　an　engagement　between　thirty…one　French　and　about　an
  equal　number　of　English　ships；　and　in　spite　of　this　equality　of　force　the
  French　fleet　was　destroyed。＇The　actual　forces　present　were　27　English
  ships　of　the　line　and　38　Franco…Spanish　ships　of　the　line；　see　James'
  Naval　History；　vol。　iii。　p。　459。＇
  This　great　battle　afforded　another　proof　of　our　naval　inferiority。
  Admires　Calder　first　gave　us　the　lesson　which　Nelson　completed；　but　which
  cost　the　latter　his　life。　　According　to　the　reports　which　Duroc
  transmitted　to　me；　courage　gave　momentary　hope　to　the　French；　but　they
  were　at　length　forced　to　yield　to　the　superior　naval　tactics　of　the
  enemy。　　The　battle　of　Trafalgar　paralysed　our　naval　force；　and　banished
  all　hope　of　any　attempt　against　England。
  The　favour　which　the　King；　of　Prussia　had　shown　to　Duroc　was　withdrawn
  when　his　Majesty　received　intelligence　of　the　march　of　Bernadotte's
  troops　through　the　Margravate　of　Anspach。　　All　accounts　concurred
  respecting　the　just　umbrage　which　that　violation　of　territory　occasioned
  to　the　King　of　Prussia。　　The　agents　whom　I　had　in　that　quarter
  overwhelmed　me　with　reports　of　the　excesses　committed　by　the　French　in
  passing　through　the　Margravate。　　A　letter　I　received　from　Duroc　contains
  the　following　remarks　on　this　subject：
  The　corps　of　Marshal　Bernadotte　has　passed　through　Anapach　and　by
  some　misunderstanding　this　has　been　regarded　at　Berlin　as　an　insult
  to　the　King；　a　violence　committed　upon　his　neutrality。　　How　can　it
  be　supposed；　especially　under　present　circumstances；　that　the
  Emperor　could　have　any　intention　of　insulting　or　committing　violence
  upon　his　friend？　　Besides；　the　reports　have　been　exaggerated；　and
  have　been　made　by　persons　who　wish　to　favour　our　enemies　rather　than
  us。　　However；　I　am　perfectly　aware　that　Marshal　Bernadotte's　70；000
  men　are　not　70；000　virgins。　　Be　this　as　it　may；　the　business　might
  have　been　fatal；　and　will；　at　all　events；　be　very　injurious　to　us。
  Laforeat　and　I　are　treated　very　harshly；　though　we　do　not　deserve
  it。　　All　the　idle　stories　that　have　been　got　up　here　must　have
  reached　you。　　Probably　Prussia　will　not　forget　that　France　was；　and
  still　may　be；　the　only　power　interested　in　her　glory　and
  aggrandisement。
  At　the　end　of　October　the　King　of　Prussia；　far　from　thinking　of　war；　but
  in　case　of　its　occurrence　wishing　to　check　its　disasters　as　far　as
  possible；　proposed　to　establish　a　line　of　neutrality。　　This　was　the　first
  idea　of　the　Confederation　of　the　North。　　Duroc；　fearing　lest　the　Russians
  should　enter　Hamburg；　advised　me；　as　a　friend；　to　adopt　precautions。　　But
  I　was　on　the　spot；　I　knew　all　the　movement　the　little　detached　corps；　and
  I　was　under　no　apprehension。
  The　editor　of　the　Hamburg　'Correspondent'　sent　me　every　evening　a　proof
  of　the　number　which　was　to　appear　next　day；a　favour　which　was　granted
  only　to　the　French　Minister。　　On　the　20th　of　November　I　received　the
  proof　as　usual；　and　saw　nothing　objectionable　in　it。　　How　great；
  therefore；　was　my　astonishment　when　next　morning　I　read　in　the　same
  journal　an　article　personally　insulting　to　the　Emperor；　and　in　which　the
  legitimate　sovereigns　of　Europe　were　called　upon　to　undertake　a　crusade
  against　the　usurper　etc。　　I　immediately　sent　for　M。　Doormann；　first
  Syndic　of　the　Senate　of　Hamburg。　　When　he　appeared　his　mortified　look
  sufficiently　informed　me　that　he　knew　what　I　had　to　say　to　him。　　I
  reproached　him　sharply；　and　asked　him　how；　after　all　I　had　told　him　of
  the　Emperor's　susceptibility；　he　could　permit　the　insertion　of　such　an
  article。　　I　observed　to　him　that　this　indecorous　diatribe　had　no　official
  character；　since　it　had　no　signature；　and　that；　therefore；　he　had　acted
  in　direct　opposition　to　a　decree　of　the　Senate；　which　prohibited　the
  insertion　in　the　journals　of　any　articles　which　were　not　signed。　　I　told
  him　plainly　that　his　imprudence　might　be　attended　with　serious
  consequences。　　M。　Doormann　did　not　attempt　to　justify　himaelt　but　merely
  explained　to　me　how　the　thing　had　happened。
  On　the　20th　of　November；　in　the　evening；　M。　Forshmann；　the　Russian　charge
  d'affaires　who　had　in　the　course　of　the　day　arrived　from　the　Russian
  headquarters　presented　to　the　editor　of　the　Correspondent　the　article　in
  question。　　The　editor；　after　reading　the　article；　which　he　thought
  exceedingly　indecorous；　observed　to　M。　Forshmann　that　his　paper　was
  already　made　up；　which　was　the　fact；　for　I　had　seen　a　proof。
  M。　Forshmann；　however；　insisted　on　the　insertion　of　the　article。　　The
  editor　then　told　him　that　he　could　not　admit　it　without　the　approbation
  of　the　Syndic　Censor。　　M。　Forshmann　immediately　waited　upon　M。　Doormann；
  and　when　the　la