were　busy　felling　timber；　killed　the　prefect　of　the　camp；　five
  centurions　of　the　first　rank；　and　a　few　soldiers；　the　rest　found
  shelter　behind　the　fortifications。　At　Batavodurum　the　German　troops
  tried　to　break　down　the　bridge　partly　built。　Night　terminated　an
  indecisive　conflict。
  There　was　greater　danger　at　Grinnes　and　Vada。　Civilis　attacked　Vada；
  Classicus　Grinnes；　and　they　could　not　be　checked；　for　our　bravest
  men　had　fallen；　among　them　Briganticus；　who　commanded　a　squadron　of
  cavalry；　and　of　whose　loyalty　to　the　Roman　cause　and　enmity　to　his
  uncle　Civilis　I　have　already　spoken。　But　when　Cerialis　came　up　with
  a　picked　body　of　cavalry；　the　fortune　of　the　day　changed；　and　the
  Germans　were　driven　headlong　into　the　river。　Civilis；　who　was
  recognised　while　seeking　to　stop　his　flying　troops；　became　the　mark　of
  many　missiles；　left　his　horse；　and　swam　across　the　river。　Verax
  escaped　in　the　same　way。　Some　light　vessels　were　brought　up；　and
  carried　off　Tutor　and　Classicus。　Even　on　this　occasion　the　Roman　fleet
  was　not　present　at　the　engagement；　though　orders　had　been　given　to
  that　effect。　Fear　kept　them　away；　and　their　crews　were　dispersed　about
  other　military　duties。　Cerialis　in　fact　allowed　too　little　time　for
  executing　his　commands；　he　was　hasty　in　his　plans；　though　eminently
  successful　in　their　results。　Fortune　helped　him　even　where　skill　had
  failed；　and　so　both　the　general　and　his　army　became　less　careful　about
  discipline。　A　few　days　after　this　he　escaped　the　peril　of　actual
  capture；　but　not　without　great　disgrace。
  He　had　gone　to　Novesium　and　Bonna；　to　inspect　the　camps　which　were
  then　in　course　of　erection　for　the　winter　abode　of　the　legions；　and
  was　making　his　way　back　with　the　fleet；　his　escort　being　in
  disorder；　and　his　sentries　negligent。　This　was　observed　by　the
  Germans；　and　they　planned　a　surprise。　They　chose　a　dark　and　cloudy
  night；　and　moving　rapidly　down　the　stream；　entered　the　entrenchments
  without　opposition。　The　carnage　was　at　first　helped　on　by　a　cunning
  device。　They　cut　the　ropes　of　the　tents；　and　slaughtered　the
  soldiers　as　they　lay　buried　beneath　their　own　dwellings。　Another　force
  put　the　fleet　into　confusion；　threw　their　grapling　irons　on　the
  vessels；　and　dragged　them　away　by　the　sterns。　They　sought　at　first
  to　elude　notice　by　silence；　but　when　the　slaughter　was　begun；　by　way
  of　increasing　the　panic　they　raised　on　all　sides　a　deafening　shout。
  The　Romans；　awakened　by　sounds；　looked　for　their　arms　and　rushed
  through　the　passages　of　the　camp；　some　few　with　their　proper
  accoutrements；　but　most　with　their　garments　wrapped　round　their
  shoulders；　and　with　drawn　swords　in　their　hands。　The　general；　who
  was　half　asleep；　and　all　but　naked；　was　saved　by　the　enemy's
  mistake。　They　carried　off　the　praetorian　vessel；　which　was
  distinguished　by　a　flag；　believing　that　the　general　was　on　board。
  Cerialis　indeed　had　passed　the　night　elsewhere；　in　the　company；　as
  many　believed；　of　an　Ubian　woman；　Claudia　Sacrata。　The　sentinels
  sought　to　excuse　their　own　scandalous　neglect　by　the　disgraceful
  conduct　of　the　general；　alleging　that　they　had　been　ordered　to　be
  silent；　that　they　might　not　disturb　his　rest；　and　that；　from
  omitting　the　watchwords　and　the　usual　challenges；　they　had
  themselves　fallen　asleep。　The　enemy　rowed　back　in　broad　daylight
  with　the　captured　vessels。　The　praetorian　trireme　they　towed　up　the
  river　Lupia　as　a　present　to　Veleda。
  Civilis　was　seized　by　a　desire　to　make　a　naval　demonstration。　He
  manned　all　the　triremes　that　he　had；　and　such　vessels　as　were
  propelled　by　a　single　bank　of　oars。　To　these　he　added　a　vast　number　of
  boats。　He　put　in　each　three　or　four　hundred　men；　the　usual
  complement　of　a　Liburnian　galley。　With　these　were　the　captured
  vessels；　in　which；　picturesquely　enough；　plaids　of　various　colours
  were　used　for　sails。　The　place　selected　was　an　expanse　of　water；　not
  unlike　the　sea；　where　the　mouth　of　the　Mosa　serves　to　discharge　the
  Rhine　into　the　ocean。　The　motive　for　equipping　this　fleet　was；　to
  say　nothing　of　the　natural　vanity　of　this　people；　a　desire　to
  intercept；　by　this　alarming　demonstration；　the　supplies　that　were
  approaching　from　Gaul。　Cerialis；　more　in　astonishment　than　alarm；　drew
  up　his　fleet　in　line；　and；　though　inferior　in　numbers；　it　had　the
  advantage　in　the　experience　of　the　crews；　the　skill　of　the　pilots；　and
  the　size　of　the　vessels。　The　Romans　had　the　stream　with　them；　the
  enemy's　vessels　were　propelled　by　the　wind。　Thus　passing　each　other；
  they　separated　after　a　brief　discharge　of　light　missiles。　Civilis
  attempted　nothing　more；　and　retired　to　the　other　side　of　the　Rhine。
  Cerialis　mercilessly　ravaged　the　Island　of　the　Batavi；　but；　with　a
  policy　familiar　to　commanders；　left　untouched　the　estates　and　houses
  of　Civilis。　Meanwhile；　however；　the　autumn　was　far　advanced；　and　the
  river；　swollen　by　the　continual　rains　of　the　season；　overflowed　the
  island；　marshy　and　low…lying　as　it　is；　till　it　resembled　a　lake。　There
  were　no　ships；　no　provisions　at　hand；　and　the　camp；　which　was　situated
  on　low　ground；　was　in　process　of　being　carried　away　by　the　force　of
  the　stream。
  That　the　legions　might　then　have　been　crushed；　and　that　the
  Germans　wished　to　crush　them；　but　were　turned　from　their　purpose　by
  his　own　craft；　was　claimed　as　a　merit　by　Civilis；　nor　is　it　unlike　the
  truth；　since　a　capitulation　followed　in　a　few　days。　Cerialis；
  sending　secret　emissaries；　had　held　out　the　prospect　of　peace　to　the
  Batavi；　and　of　pardon　to　Civilis；　while　he　advised　Veleda　and　her
  relatives　to　change　by　a　well…timed　service　to　the　Roman　people　the
  fortune　of　war；　which　so　many　disasters　had　shewn　to　be　adverse。　He
  reminded　them　that　the　Treveri　had　been　beaten；　that　the　Ubii　had
  submitted；　that　the　Batavi　had　had　their　country　taken　from　them；
  and　that　from　the　friendship　of　Civilis　nothing　else　had　been　gained
  but　wounds；　defeat；　and　mourning；　an　exile　and　a　fugitive　he　could
  only　be　a　burden　to　those　who　entertained　him；　and　they　had　already
  trespassed　enough　in　crossing　the　Rhine　so　often。　If　they　attempted
  anything　more；　on　their　side　would　be　the　wrong　and　the　guilt；　with
  the　Romans　the　vengeance　of　heaven。
  Thus　promises　were　mingled　with　threats。　When　the　fidelity　of　the
  Transrhenane　tribes　had　been　thus　shaken；　among　the　Batavi　also
  there　arose　debates。　〃We　can　no　longer；〃　they　said；　〃postpone　our
  ruin。　The　servitude　of　the　whole　world　cannot　be　averted　by　a　single
  nation。　What　has　been　accomplished　by　destroying　legions　with　fire　and
  sword；　but　that　more　legions　and　stronger　have　been　brought　up？　If
  it　was　for　Vespasian　that　we　fought　this　war；　then　Vespasian　rules　the
  world；　if　we　meant　to　challenge　to　battle　the　Roman　people；　then
  what　a　mere　fraction　of　the　human　race　are　the　Batavi！　Look　at　the
  Rhaetians　and　Noricans；　at　the　burdens　borne　by　the　other　allies。　No
  tribute；　but　valour　and　manhood　are　demanded　of　us。　This　is　the　next
  thing　to　liberty；　and　if　we　must　choose　between　masters；　then　we　may
  more　honourably　bear　with　the　Emperors　of　Rome；　than　with　the　women　of
  the　Germans。〃　Such　were　the　murmurs　of　the　lower　class；　the　nobles
  spoke　in　fiercer　language。　〃We　have　been　driven　into　war；〃　they
  said；　〃by　the　fury　of　Civilis。　He　sought　to　counterbalance　his　private
  wrongs　by　the　destruction　of　his　nation。　Then　were　the　Gods　angry　with
  the　Batavi　when　the　legions　were　besieged；　when　the　legates　were
  slain；　when　the　war；　so　necessary　to　that　one　man；　so　fatal　to　us；　was
  begun。　We　are　at　the　last　extremity；　unless　we　think　of　repenting；　and
  avow　our　repentance　by　punishing　the　guilty。〃
  These　dispositions　did　not　escape　the　notice　of　Civilis。　He
  determined　to　anticipate　them；　moved　not　only　by　weariness　of　his
  sufferings；　but　also　by　that　clinging　to　life　which　often　breaks　the
  noblest　spirits。　He　asked　for　a　conference。　The　bridge　over　the
  river　Nabalia　was　cut　down；　and　the　two　generals　advanced　to　the
  broken　extremities。　Civilis　thus　opened　the　conference：…　〃If　it　were
  before　a　legate　of　Vitellius　that　I　were　defending　myself；　my　acts
  would　deserve　no　pardon；　my　words　no　credit。　All　the　relations　between
  us　were　those　of　hatred　and　hostility；　first　made　so　by　him；　and
  afterwards　embittered　by　me。　My　respect　for　Vespasian　is　of　long
  standing。　While　he　was　still　a　subject；　we　were　called　friends。　This
  was　known　to　Primus　Antonius；　whose　letters　urged　me　to　take　up
  arms；　for　he　feared　lest　the　legions　of　Germany　and　the　youth　of
  Gaul　should　cross　the　Alps。　What　Antonius　advised　by　his　letters；
  Hordeonius　suggested　by　word　of　mouth。　I　fought　the　same　battle　in
  Germany；　as　did　Mucianus　in　Syria；　Aponius　in　Moesia；　Flavianus　in
  Pannonia。〃
  ＇At　this　point　the　Hist