No！　not　even　a　doctor！　　The　chicken　droops　its　head；　overwhelmed；
  or　the　calf　dies；　the　hen　clucks　and　the　cow　lows　for　a　time；　and
  then　these　beasts　continue　to　live；　forgetting　what　has　happened。
  With　us；　if　the　child　falls　sick；　what　is　to　be　done；　how　to　care
  for　it；　what　doctor　to　call；　where　to　go？　　If　it　dies；　there　will
  be　no　more　little　hands　or　little　feet；　and　then　what　is　the　use
  of　the　sufferings　endured？　　The　cow　does　not　ask　all　that；　and
  this　is　why　children　are　a　source　of　misery。　　The　cow　has　no
  imagination；　and　for　that　reason　cannot　think　how　it　might　have
  saved　the　child　if　it　had　done　this　or　that；　and　its　grief；
  founded　in　its　physical　being；　lasts　but　a　very　short　time。　　It
  is　only　a　condition；　and　not　that　sorrow　which　becomes
  exaggerated　to　the　point　of　despair；　thanks　to　idleness　and
  satiety。　　The　cow　has　not　that　reasoning　faculty　which　would
  enable　it　to　ask　the　why。　　Why　endure　all　these　tortures？　What
  was　the　use　of　so　much　love；　if　the　little　ones　were　to　die？　　The
  cow　has　no　logic　which　tells　it　to　have　no　more　children；　and；　if
  any　come　accidentally；　to　neither　love　nor　nurse　them；　that　it
  may　not　suffer。　　But　our　wives　reason；　and　reason　in　this　way；
  and　that　is　why　I　said　that；　when　a　man　does　not　live　as　a　man；
  he　is　beneath　the　animal。〃
  〃But　then；　how　is　it　necessary　to　act；　in　your　opinion；　in　order
  to　treat　children　humanly？〃　I　asked。
  〃How？　　Why；　love　them　humanly。〃
  〃Well；　do　not　mothers　love　their　children？〃
  〃They　do　not　love　them　humanly；　or　very　seldom　do；　and　that　is
  why　they　do　not　love　them　even　as　dogs。　　Mark　this；　a　hen；　a
  goose；　a　wolf；　will　always　remain　to　woman　inaccessible　ideals　of
  animal　love。　　It　is　a　rare　thing　for　a　woman　to　throw　herself；　at
  the　peril　of　her　life；　upon　an　elephant　to　snatch　her　child　away；
  whereas　a　hen　or　a　sparrow　will　not　fail　to　fly　at　a　dog　and
  sacrifice　itself　utterly　for　its　children。　　Observe　this；　also。
  Woman　has　the　power　to　limit　her　physical　love　for　her　children；
  which　an　animal　cannot　do。　　Does　that　mean　that；　because　of　this；
  woman　is　inferior　to　the　animal？　　No。　　She　is　superior　（and　even
  to　say　superior　is　unjust；　she　is　not　superior；　she　is
  different）；　but　she　has　other　duties；　human　duties。　　She　can
  restrain　herself　in　the　matter　of　animal　love；　and　transfer　her
  love　to　the　soul　of　the　child。　　That　is　what　woman's　role　should
  be；　and　that　is　precisely　what　we　do　not　see　in　our　society。　We
  read　of　the　heroic　acts　of　mothers　who　sacrifice　their　children
  in　the　name　of　a　superior　idea；　and　these　things　seem　to　us　like
  tales　of　the　ancient　world；　which　do　not　concern　us。　　And　yet　I
  believe　that；　if　the　mother　has　not　some　ideal；　in　the　name　of
  which　she　can　sacrifice　the　animal　feeling；　and　if　this　force
  finds　no　employment；　she　will　transfer　it　to　chimerical　attempts
  to　physically　preserve　her　child；　aided　in　this　task　by　the
  doctor；　and　she　will　suffer　as　she　does　suffer。
  〃So　it　was　with　my　wife。　　Whether　there　was　one　child　or　five；
  the　feeling　remained　the　same。　　In　fact；　it　was　a　little　better
  when　there　had　been　five。　　Life　was　always　poisoned　with　fear　for
  the　children；　not　only　from　their　real　or　imaginary　diseases；　but
  even　by　their　simple　presence。　　For　my　part；　at　least；　throughout
  my　conjugal　life；　all　my　interests　and　all　my　happiness　depended
  upon　the　health　of　my　children；　their　condition；　their　studies。
  Children；　it　is　needless　to　say；　are　a　serious　consideration；　but
  all　ought　to　live；　and　in　our　days　parents　can　no　longer　live。
  Regular　life　does　not　exist　for　them。　　The　whole　life　of　the
  family　hangs　by　a　hair。　　What　a　terrible　thing　it　is　to　suddenly
  receive　the　news　that　little　Basile　is　vomiting；　or　that　Lise　has
  a　cramp　in　the　stomach！　　Immediately　you　abandon　everything；　you
  forget　everything；　everything　becomes　nothing。　　The　essential
  thing　is　the　doctor；　the　enema；　the　temperature。　　You　cannot
  begin　a　conversation　but　little　Pierre　comes　running　in　with　an
  anxious　air　to　ask　if　he　may　eat　an　apple；　or　what　jacket　he
  shall　put　on；　or　else　it　is　the　servant　who　enters　with　a
  screaming　baby。
  〃Regular；　steady　family　life　does　not　exist。　　Where　you　live；　and
  consequently　what　you　do；　depends　upon　the　health　of　the　little
  ones；　the　health　of　the　little　ones　depends　upon　nobody；　and；
  thanks　to　the　doctors；　who　pretend　to　aid　health；　your　entire
  life　is　disturbed。　　It　is　a　perpetual　peril。　　Scarcely　do　we
  believe　ourselves　out　of　it　when　a　new　danger　comes：　more
  attempts　to　save。　　Always　the　situation　of　sailors　on　a
  foundering　vessel。　　Sometimes　it　seemed　to　me　that　this　was　done
  on　purpose；　that　my　wife　feigned　anxiety　in　order　to　conquer　me；
  since　that　solved　the　question　so　simply　for　her　benefit。　　It
  seemed　to　me　that　all　that　she　did　at　those　times　was　done　for
  its　effect　upon　me；　but　now　I　see　that　she　herself；　my　wife；
  suffered　and　was　tortured　on　account　of　the　little　ones；　their
  health；　and　their　diseases。
  〃A　torture　to　both　of　us；　but　to　her　the　children　were　also　a
  means　of　forgetting　herself；　like　an　intoxication。　　I　often
  noticed；　when　she　was　very　sad；　that　she　was　relieved；　when　a
  child　fell　sick；　at　being　able　to　take　refuge　in　this
  intoxication。　　It　was　involuntary　intoxication；　because　as　yet
  there　was　nothing　else。　　On　every　side　we　heard　that　Mrs。
  So…and…so　had　lost　children；　that　Dr。　So…and…so　had　saved　the
  child　of　Mrs。　So…and…so；　and　that　in　a　certain　family　all　had
  moved　from　the　house　in　which　they　were　living；　and　thereby　saved
  the　little　ones。　　And　the　doctors；　with　a　serious　air；　confirmed
  this；　sustaining　my　wife　in　her　opinions。　　She　was　not　prone　to
  fear；　but　the　doctor　dropped　some　word；　like　corruption　of　the
  blood；　scarlatina；　or　elseheaven　help　usdiphtheria；　and　off
  she　went。
  〃It　was　impossible　for　it　to　be　otherwise。　　Women　in　the　old　days
  had　the　belief　that　'God　has　given；　God　has　taken　away；'　that　the
  soul　of　the　little　angel　is　going　to　heaven；　and　that　it　is
  better　to　die　innocent　than　to　die　in　sin。　　If　the　women　of
  to…day　had　something　like　this　faith；　they　could　endure　more
  peacefully　the　sickness　of　their　children。　　But　of　all　that　there
  does　not　remain　even　a　trace。　　And　yet　it　is　necessary　to　believe
  in　something；　consequently　they　stupidly　believe　in　medicine；　and
  not　even　in　medicine；　but　in　the　doctor。　　One　believes　in　X；
  another　in　Z；　and；　like　all　believers；　they　do　not　see　the　idiocy
  of　their　beliefs。　　They　believe　quia　absurdum；　because；　in
  reality；　if　they　did　not　believe　in　a　stupid　way；　they　would　see
  the　vanity　of　all　that　these　brigands　prescribe　for　them。
  Scarlatina　is　a　contagious　disease；　so；　when　one　lives　in　a　large
  city；　half　the　family　has　to　move　away　from　its　residence　（we　did
  it　twice）；　and　yet　every　man　in　the　city　is　a　centre　through
  which　pass　innumerable　diameters；　carrying　threads　of　all　sorts
  of　contagions。　　There　is　no　obstacle：　the　baker；　the　tailor；　the
  coachman；　the　laundresses。
  〃And　I　would　undertake；　for　every　man　who　moves　on　account　of
  contagion；　to　find　in　his　new　dwelling…place　another　contagion
  similar；　if　not　the　same。
  〃But　that　is　not　all。　　Every　one　knows　rich　people　who；　after　a
  case　of　diphtheria；　destroy　everything　in　their　residences；　and
  then　fall　sick　in　houses　newly　built　and　furnished。　　Every　one
  knows；　likewise；　numbers　of　men　who　come　in　contact　with　sick
  people　and　do　not　get　infected。　Our　anxieties　are　due　to　the
  people　who　circulate　tall　stories。　　One　woman　says　that　she　has
  an　excellent　doctor。　　'Pardon　me；'　answers　the　other；　'he　killed
  such　a　one；'　or　such　a　one。　And　vice　versa。　　Bring　her　another；
  who　knows　no　more；　who　learned　from　the　same　books；　who　treats
  according　to　the　same　formulas；　but　who　goes　about　in　a　carriage；
  and　asks　a　hundred　roubles　a　visit；　and　she　will　have　faith　in
  him。
  〃It　all　lies　in　the　fact　that　our　women　are　savages。　　They　have
  no　belief　in　God；　but　some　of　them　believe　in　the　evil　eye；　and
  the　others　in　doctors　who　charge　high　fees。　　If　they　had　faith
  they　would　know　that　scarlatina；　diphtheria；　etc。；　are　not　so
  terrible；　since　they　cannot　disturb　that　which　man　can　and　should
  love；the　soul。　There　can　result　from　them　only　that　which　none
  of　us　can　avoid；disease　and　death。　　Without　faith　in　God；　they
  love　only　physically；　and　all　their　energy　is　concentrated　upon
  the　preservation　of　life；　which　cannot　be　preserved；　and　which
  the　doctors　promise　the　fools　of　both　sexes　to　save。　　And　from
  that　time　there　is　nothing　to　be　done；　the　doctors　must　be
  summoned。
  〃Thus　the　presence　of　the　children　not　only　did　not　improve　our
  relations　as　husband　and　wife；　but；　on　the　contrary；　disunited
  us。　　The　children　became　an　additional　cause　of　dispute；　and　the
  larger　they　grew；　the　more　they　became　an　instrument　of　struggle。
  One　would　have　said　that　we　used　them　as　weapons　with　which　to
  combat　each　other。　　Each　of　us　had　his