not　help　to　keep　it　in　repair。　　The　〃Five…storied　Pagoda〃　which　flames
  in　red　at　one　of　its　angles；　is　a　striking　feature　in　the　view。　As　we
  sat　on　stone　seats　by　stone　tables　in　what　might　be　called　its　shadow；
  under　the　cloudless　heaven；　with　the　pure　Orientalism　of　the　Tartar
  city　spread　out　at　our　feet；　that　unimaginable　Orientalism　which　takes
  one　captive　at　once；　and；　like　the　first　sight　of　a　palm　or　a　banana；
  satisfies　a　longing　of　which　one　had　not　previously　been　conscious；　a
  mundane　disappointment　was　severely　felt。　We　had　been；　as　the　Americans
  say；　〃exercising〃　for　five　hours　in　the　bracing　air；　and　I　had　long
  been　conscious　of　a　craving　for　solid　food　which　no　Orientalism　could
  satisfy；　and　our　dismay　was　great　not　only　to　find　that　the　cook　had
  put　up　lunch　for　two　when　there　were　three　hungry　persons；　but　that　the
  chicken　was　so　underdone　that　we　could　not　eat　it；　and　as　we　were　not
  starving　enough　to　go　and　feed　at　a　cat　and　dog　or　any　other　Chinese
  restaurant；　my　hosts　at　least；　who　had　not　learned　that　bananas　are
  sustenance　for　men　as　well　as　〃food　for　gods；〃　were　famished。　As　we　ate
  〃clem　pie〃　or　〃dined　with　Duke　Humphrey；〃　two　water　buffaloes；　dark
  gray　ungainly　forms；　with　little　more　hair　than　elephants；　recurved
  horns；　and　muzzles　like　deer；　watched　us　closely；　until　a　Tartar　drove
  them　off。　Such　beasts；　which　stand　in　the　water　and　plaster　themselves
  with　mud　like　elephants；　are　the　cows　and　draught　oxen　of　China。　Two
  nice　Chinese　boys　sat　by　us；　and　Mr。　Smith　practiced　Chinese　upon　them；
  till　a　man　came　out　angrily　and　took　them　away；　using　many　words；　of
  which　we　only　understood　〃Barbarian　Devils。〃　The　Cantonese　are　not
  rude；　however。　A　foreign　lady　can　walk　alone　without　being　actually
  molested；　though　as　a　rule　Chinese　women　are　not　seen　in　the　streets。　I
  have　certainly　seen　half　a　million　men；　and　not　more　than　ninety　women；
  and　those　only　of　the　poorest　class。　The　middle　and　upper　class　women
  never　go　out　except　in　closed　palanquins　with　screened　windows；　and　are
  nearly　as　much　secluded　as　the　women　of　India。
  Passing　through　the　Tartar　city　and　some　streets　of　aristocratic
  dullness；　inhabited　by　wealthy　merchants；　we　spent　some　hours　in　the
  mercantile　quarter；　which　is　practically　one　vast　market　or　bazaar；
  thronged　with　masculine　humanity　from　morning　till　night。　Eight　feet　is
  the　width　of　the　widest　street　but　one；　and　between　the　passers…by；　the
  loungers；　the　people　standing　at　stalls　eating；　or　drinking　tea；　and
  the　itinerant　venders　of　goods；　it　is　one　long　push。　Then；　as　you　are
  elbowing　your　feeble　self　among　the　big　men；　who　are　made　truly
  monstrous　by　their　many　wadded　garments　of　silk　and　brocade；　you　are
  terrified　by　a　loud　yell；　and　being　ignominiously　hustled　out　of　the
  way；　you　become　aware　that　the　crowd　has　yielded　place　to　a　procession；
  consisting　of　several　men　in　red；　followed　by　a　handsome　closed
  palanquin；　borne　by　four；　six；　or　eight　bearers　in　red　liveries；　in
  which　reclines　a　stout；　magnificently　dressed　mandarin；　utterly
  oblivious　of　his　inferiors；　the　representative　of　high　caste　feeling
  all　the　world　over；　either　reading　or　absorbed；　never　taking　any　notice
  of　the　crowds　and　glitter　which　I　find　so　fascinating。　More　men　in　red；
  and　then　the　crowd　closes　up　again；　to　be　again　divided　by　a　plebeian
  chair　like　mine；　or　by　pariahs　running　with　a　coffin　fifteen　feet　long；
  shaped　like　the　trunk　of　a　tree；　or　by　coolies　carrying　burdens　slung
  on　bamboo　poles；　uttering　deafening　cries；　or　by　a　marriage　procession
  with　songs　and　music；　or　by　a　funeral　procession　with　weeping　and
  wailing；　succeeding　each　other　incessantly。　All　the　people　in　the
  streets　are　shouting　at　the　top　of　their　voices；　the　chair　and　baggage
  coolies　are　yelling；　and　to　complete　the　bewildering　din　the　beggars　at
  every　corner　are　demanding　charity　by　striking　two　gongs　together。
  Color　riots　in　these　narrow　streets；　with　their　high　houses　with
  projecting　upper　stories；　much　carved　and　gilded；　their　deeply
  projecting　roofs　or　eaves　tiled　with　shells　cut　into　panes；　which　let
  the　light　softly　through；　while　a　sky　of　deep　bright　blue　fills　up　the
  narrow　slit　between。　　Then　in　the　shadow　below；　which　is　fitfully
  lighted　by　the　sunbeams；　hanging　from　all　the　second　stories　at　every
  possible　interval　of　height；　each　house　having　at　least　two；　are　the
  richly　painted　boards　of　which　I　wrote　before；　from　six　to　ten　feet
  long；　some　black；　some　heavily　gilded；　a　few　orange；　but　the　majority
  red　and　perfectly　plain；　except　for　the　characters　several　inches　long
  down　the　middle　of　each；　gold　on　the　red　and　black；　and　black　on　the
  gold　and　orangethese；　with　banners；　festoons；　and　the　bright　blue
  draperies　which　for　a　hundred　days　indicate　mourning　in　a　house；　form
  together　a　spectacle　of　street　picturesqueness　such　as　my　eyes　have
  never　before　beheld。　　Then　all　the　crowd　is　in　costume；　and　such
  costume！　The　prevailing　color　for　the　robe　is　bright　blue。　Even　the
  coolies　put　on　such　a　one　when　not　working；　and　all　above　the　coolies
  wear　them　in　rich；　ribbed　silk；　lined　with　silk　of　a　darker　shade。　Over
  this　a　sleeveless　jacket　of　rich　dark　blue　or　puce　brocade；　plain　or
  quilted；　is　worn；　the　trousers；　of　which　little　is　seen；　being　of
  brocade　or　satin。　The　stockings　are　white；　and　the　shoes；　which　are　on
  thick；　white；　canoe…shaped　soles；　are　of　black　satin。　The　cap；　which　is
  always　worn；　and　quite　on　the　back　of　the　head；　is　of　black　satin；　and
  the　pigtail；　or　plait　of　hair　and　purse　silk　mixed；　hangs　down　nearly
  to　the　bottom　of　the　robe。　Then　the　most　splendid　furs　are　worn；　and
  any　number　of　quilted　silk　and　brocade　garments；　one　above　another。　And
  these　big；　prosperous…looking　men；　who　are　so　richly　dressed；　are　only
  the　shopkeepers　and　the　lower　class　of　merchants。　The　mandarins　and　the
  rich　merchants　seldom　put　their　feet　to　the　ground。
  The　shops　just　now　are　filled　with　all　sorts　of　brilliant　and　enticing
  things　in　anticipation　of　the　great　festival　of　the　New　Year；　which
  begins　on　the　21st。　At　the　New　Year　they　are　all　closed；　and　the　rich
  merchants　vie　with　each　other　in　keeping　them　so；　those　whose　shops　are
  closed　the　longest；　sometimes　even　for　two　months；　gaining　a　great
  reputation　for　wealth　thereby。　Streets　are　given　up　to　shops　of　one
  kind。　Thus　there　is　the　〃Jade…Stone　Street；〃　entirely　given　up　to　the
  making　and　sale　of　jade…stone　jewelry；　which　is　very　costly；　a　single
  bracelet　of　the　finest　stone　and　workmanship　costing　600　pounds。　There
  is　a　whole　street　devoted　to　the　sale　of　coffins；　several　in　which
  nothing　is　sold　but　furniture；　from　common　folding　tables　up　to　the
  costliest　settees；　bedsteads；　and　chairs　of　massive　ebony　carving；
  chinaware　streets；　book　and　engraving　streets；　streets　of　silk　shops；
  streets　of　workers　in　brass；　silver；　and　gold；　who　perform　their
  delicate　manipulations　before　your　eyes；　streets　of　second…hand
  clothing；　where　gorgeous　embroideries　in　silk　and　gold　can　be　bought
  for　almost　nothing；　and　so　on；　every　street　blazing　with　colors；
  splendid　with　costume；　and　abounding　with　wealth　and　variety。
  We　went　to　a　〃dog　and　cat　restaurant；〃　where　a　number　of　richly　dressed
  men　were　eating　of　savory　dishes　made　from　the　flesh　of　these　animals。
  There　are　thousands　of　butchers'　and　fishmongers'　shops　in　Canton。　At
  the　former　there　are　always　hundreds　of　split　and　salted　ducks　hanging
  on　lines；　and　pigs　of　various　sizes　roasted　whole；　or　sold　in　joints
  raw；　and　kids　and　buffalo　beef；　and　numbers　of　dogs　and　cats；　which；
  though　skinned；　have　the　tails　on　to　show　what　they　are。　I　had　some　of
  the　gelatinous　〃birds'…nest〃　soup；　without　knowing　what　it　was。　It　is
  excellent；　but　as　these　nests　are　brought　from　Sumatra　and　are　very
  costly；　it　is　only　a　luxury　of　the　rich。　The　fish　shops　and　stalls　are
  legion；　but　the　fish　looks　sickening；　as　it　is　always　cut　into　slices
  and　covered　with　blood。　The　boiled　chrysalis　of　a　species　of　silkworm
  is　exposed　for　sale　as　a　great　delicacy；　and　so　are　certain　kinds　of
  hairless；　fleshy　caterpillars。
  In　our　peregrinations　we　came　upon　a　Yamun；　with　its　vestibule　hung
  with　scarlet；　the　marriage　color　as　well　as　the　official　color。　Within
  the　door　the　〃wedding　garments〃　were　hanging　for　the　wedding　guests；
  scarlet　silk　crepe；　richly　embroidered。　Some　time　later　the　bridal
  procession　swept　through　the　streets；　adding　a　new　glory　to　the　color
  and　movement。　First　marched　a　troop　of　men　in　scarlet；　carrying　scarlet
  banners；　each　one　emblazoned　with　the　literary　degrees　of　the　bride's
  father　and　grandfather。　　Then　came　ten　heavily　gilded；　carved；　and
  decorated　pavilions；　containing　the　marriage　presents；　borne　on　poles
  on　the　shoulders　of　servants；　and　after　them　the　bride；　carried　in　a
  locked　palanquin　to　the　bridegroom's　house；　completely　shrouded；　the
  palanquin　one　mass　of　decoration　in　gold　and　blue　enamel；　the　carving
  fully　six　inches　deep；　and　the　procession　was　closed　by　a　crowd　of　men
  in　scarlet；　carrying　the　bridegroom's　literary　degrees；　with　banners；
  and　instruments　of　music。　It　is　the　China　of　a　thousand　years　ago；
  unaltered　by　foreign　contact。
  There　are　many　beggars；　and　a　〃Beggars'　Square；〃　and　the　beggars　have　a
  〃king；