and　the　other　worm　when　C　in　the　treble　clef　was　struck。　　On　these
  occasions　the　worms　were　not　touching　the　sides　of　the　pots；　which
  stood　in　saucers；　so　that　the　vibrations；　before　reaching　their
  bodies；　had　to　pass　from　the　sounding　board　of　the　piano；　through
  the　saucer；　the　bottom　of　the　pot　and　the　damp；　not　very　compact
  earth　on　which　they　lay　with　their　tails　in　their　burrows。　　They
  often　showed　their　sensitiveness　when　the　pot　in　which　they　lived；
  or　the　table　on　which　the　pot　stood；　was　accidentally　and　lightly
  struck；　but　they　appeared　less　sensitive　to　such　jars　than　to　the
  vibrations　of　the　piano；　and　their　sensitiveness　to　jars　varied
  much　at　different　times。
  It　has　often　been　said　that　if　the　ground　is　beaten　or　otherwise
  made　to　tremble；　worms　believe　that　they　are　pursued　by　a　mole　and
  leave　their　burrows。　　From　one　account　that　I　have　received；　I　have
  no　doubt　that　this　is　often　the　case；　but　a　gentleman　informs　me
  that　he　lately　saw　eight　or　ten　worms　leave　their　burrows　and　crawl
  about　the　grass　on　some　boggy　land　on　which　two　men　had　just
  trampled　while　setting　a　trap；　and　this　occurred　in　a　part　of
  Ireland　where　there　were　no　moles。　　I　have　been　assured　by　a
  Volunteer　that　he　has　often　seen　many　large　earth…worms　crawling
  quickly　about　the　grass；　a　few　minutes　after　his　company　had　fired
  a　volley　with　blank　cartridges。　　The　Peewit　（Tringa　vanellus；
  Linn。）　seems　to　know　instinctively　that　worms　will　emerge　if　the
  ground　is　made　to　tremble；　for　Bishop　Stanley　states　（as　I　hear
  from　Mr。　Moorhouse）　that　a　young　peewit　kept　in　confinement　used　to
  stand　on　one　leg　and　beat　the　turf　with　the　other　leg　until　the
  worms　crawled　out　of　their　burrows；　when　they　were　instantly
  devoured。　　Nevertheless；　worms　do　not　invariably　leave　their
  burrows　when　the　ground　is　made　to　tremble；　as　I　know　by　having
  beaten　it　with　a　spade；　but　perhaps　it　was　beaten　too　violently。
  The　whole　body　of　a　worm　is　sensitive　to　contact。　　A　slight　puff　of
  air　from　the　mouth　causes　an　instant　retreat。　　The　glass　plates
  placed　over　the　pots　did　not　fit　closely；　and　blowing　through　the
  very　narrow　chinks　thus　left；　often　sufficed　to　cause　a　rapid
  retreat。　　They　sometimes　perceived　the　eddies　in　the　air　caused　by
  quickly　removing　the　glass　plates。　　When　a　worm　first　comes　out　of
  its　burrow；　it　generally　moves　the　much　extended　anterior　extremity
  of　its　body　from　side　to　side　in　all　directions；　apparently　as　an
  organ　of　touch；　and　there　is　some　reason　to　believe；　as　we　shall
  see　in　the　next　chapter；　that　they　are　thus　enabled　to　gain　a
  general　notion　of　the　form　of　an　object。　　Of　all　their　senses　that
  of　touch；　including　in　this　term　the　perception　of　a　vibration；
  seems　much　the　most　highly　developed。
  In　worms　the　sense　of　smell　apparently　is　confined　to　the
  perception　of　certain　odours；　and　is　feeble。　　They　were　quite
  indifferent　to　my　breath；　as　long　as　I　breathed　on　them　very
  gently。　　This　was　tried；　because　it　appeared　possible　that　they
  might　thus　be　warned　of　the　approach　of　an　enemy。　　They　exhibited
  the　same　indifference　to　my　breath　whilst　I　chewed　some　tobacco；
  and　while　a　pellet　of　cotton…wool　with　a　few　drops　of　millefleurs
  perfume　or　of　acetic　acid　was　kept　in　my　mouth。　　Pellets　of　cotton…
  wool　soaked　in　tobacco　juice；　in　millefleurs　perfume；　and　in
  paraffin；　were　held　with　pincers　and　were　waved　about　within　two　or
  three　inches　of　several　worms；　but　they　took　no　notice。　　On　one　or
  two　occasions；　however；　when　acetic　acid　had　been　placed　on　the
  pellets；　the　worms　appeared　a　little　uneasy；　and　this　was　probably
  due　to　the　irritation　of　their　skins。　　The　perception　of　such
  unnatural　odours　would　be　of　no　service　to　worms；　and　as　such　timid
  creatures　would　almost　certainly　exhibit　some　signs　of　any　new
  impression；　we　may　conclude　that　they　did　not　perceive　these
  odours。
  The　result　was　different　when　cabbage…leaves　and　pieces　of　onion
  were　employed；　both　of　which　are　devoured　with　much　relish　by
  worms。　　Small　square　pieces　of　fresh　and　half…decayed　cabbage…
  leaves　and　of　onion　bulbs　were　on　nine　occasions　buried　in　my　pots；
  beneath　about　0。25　of　an　inch　of　common　garden　soil；　and　they　were
  always　discovered　by　the　worms。　　One　bit　of　cabbage　was　discovered
  and　removed　in　the　course　of　two　hours；　three　were　removed　by　the
  next　morning；　that　is；　after　a　single　night；　two　others　after　two
  nights；　and　the　seventh　bit　after　three　nights。　　Two　pieces　of
  onion　were　discovered　and　removed　after　three　nights。　　Bits　of
  fresh　raw　meat；　of　which　worms　are　very　fond；　were　buried；　and　were
  not　discovered　within　forty…eight　hours；　during　which　time　they　had
  not　become　putrid。　　The　earth　above　the　various　buried　objects　was
  generally　pressed　down　only　slightly；　so　as　not　to　prevent　the
  emission　of　any　odour。　　On　two　occasions；　however；　the　surface　was
  well　watered；　and　was　thus　rendered　somewhat　compact。　　After　the
  bits　of　cabbage　and　onion　had　been　removed；　I　looked　beneath　them
  to　see　whether　the　worms　had　accidentally　come　up　from　below；　but
  there　was　no　sign　of　a　burrow；　and　twice　the　buried　objects　were
  laid　on　pieces　of　tin…foil　which　were　not　in　the　least　displaced。
  It　is　of　course　possible　that　the　worms　whilst　moving　about　on　the
  surface　of　the　ground；　with　their　tails　affixed　within　their
  burrows；　may　have　poked　their　heads　into　the　places　where　the　above
  objects　were　buried；　but　I　have　never　seen　worms　acting　in　this
  manner。　　Some　pieces　of　cabbage…leaf　and　of　onion　were　twice　buried
  beneath　very　fine　ferruginous　sand；　which　was　slightly　pressed　down
  and　well　watered；　so　as　to　be　rendered　very　compact；　and　these
  pieces　were　never　discovered。　　On　a　third　occasion　the　same　kind　of
  sand　was　neither　pressed　down　nor　watered；　and　the　pieces　of
  cabbage　were　discovered　and　removed　after　the　second　night。　　These
  several　facts　indicate　that　worms　possess　some　power　of　smell；　and
  that　they　discover　by　this　means　odoriferous　and　much…coveted　kinds
  of　food。
  It　may　be　presumed　that　all　animals　which　feed　on　various
  substances　possess　the　sense　of　taste；　and　this　is　certainly　the
  case　with　worms。　　Cabbage…leaves　are　much　liked　by　worms；　and　it
  appears　that　they　can　distinguish　between　different　varieties；　but
  this　may　perhaps　be　owing　to　differences　in　their　texture。　　On
  eleven　occasions　pieces　of　the　fresh　leaves　of　a　common　green
  variety　and　of　the　red　variety　used　for　pickling　were　given　them；
  and　they　preferred　the　green；　the　red　being　either　wholly　neglected
  or　much　less　gnawed。　　On　two　other　occasions；　however；　they　seemed
  to　prefer　the　red。　　Half…decayed　leaves　of　the　red　variety　and
  fresh　leaves　of　the　green　were　attacked　about　equally。　　When　leaves
  of　the　cabbage；　horse…radish　（a　favourite　food）　and　of　the　onion
  were　given　together；　the　latter　were　always；　and　manifestly
  preferred。　　Leaves　of　the　cabbage；　lime…tree；　Ampelopsis；　parsnip
  （Pastinaca）；　and　celery　（Apium）　were　likewise　given　together；　and
  those　of　the　celery　were　first　eaten。　　But　when　leaves　of　cabbage；
  turnip；　beet；　celery；　wild　cherry　and　carrots　were　given　together；
  the　two　latter　kinds；　especially　those　of　the　carrot；　were
  preferred　to　all　the　others；　including　those　of　celery。　　It　was
  also　manifest　after　many　trials　that　wild　cherry　leaves　were
  greatly　preferred　to　those　of　the　lime…tree　and　hazel　（Corylus）。
  According　to　Mr。　Bridgman　the　half…decayed　leaves　of　Phlox　verna
  are　particularly　liked　by　worms。　｛16｝
  Pieces　of　the　leaves　of　cabbage；　turnip；　horse…radish　and　onion
  were　left　on　the　pots　during　22　days；　and　were　all　attacked　and　had
  to　be　renewed；　but　during　the　whole　of　this　time　leaves　of　an
  Artemisia　and　of　the　culinary　sage；　thyme　and　mint；　mingled　with
  the　above　leaves；　were　quite　neglected　excepting　those　of　the　mint；
  which　were　occasionally　and　very　slightly　nibbled。　　These　latter
  four　kinds　of　leaves　do　not　differ　in　texture　in　a　manner　which
  could　make　them　disagreeable　to　worms；　they　all　have　a　strong
  taste；　but　so　have　the　four　first　mentioned　kinds　of　leaves；　and
  the　wide　difference　in　the　result　must　be　attributed　to　a
  preference　by　the　worms　for　one　taste　over　another。
  Mental　Qualities。There　is　little　to　be　said　on　this　head。　　We
  have　seen　that　worms　are　timid。　　It　may　be　doubted　whether　they
  suffer　as　much　pain　when　injured；　as　they　seem　to　express　by　their
  contortions。　　Judging　by　their　eagerness　for　certain　kinds　of　food；
  they　must　enjoy　the　pleasure　of　eating。　　Their　sexual　passion　is
  strong　enough　to　overcome　for　a　time　their　dread　of　light。　　They
  perhaps　have　a　trace　of　social　feeling；　for　they　are　not　disturbed
  by　crawling　over　each　other's　bodies；　and　they　sometimes　lie　in
  contact。　　According　to　Hoffmeister　they　pass　the　winter　either
  singly　or　rolled　up　with　others　into　a　ball　at　the　bottom　of　their
  burrows。　｛17｝　　Although　worms　are　so　remarkably　deficient　in　the
  several　sense…organs；　this　does　not　necessarily　preclude
  intelligence；　as　we　know　from　such　cases　as　those　of　Laura
  Bridgman；　and　we　have　seen　that　when　their　attention　is　engaged；
  they　neglect　impressions　to　which　they　wo