that　Calvin　was　obliged　to　publish　his　Genevan　Catechism　in　Latin。
  He　also　offended　many　by　his　outspoken　rebuke　of　sin；　for　he　aimed
  at　a　complete　reformation　of　morals；　like　Latimer　in　London　and
  like　Savonarola　at　Florence。　　He　sought　to　reprove　amusements　which
  were　demoralizing；　or　thought　to　be　so　in　their　influence。　　The
  passions　of　the　people　were　excited；　and　the　city　was　torn　by
  parties；　and　such　was　the　reluctance　to　submit　to　the　discipline　of
  the　ministers　that　they　refused　to　administer　the　sacraments。　　This
  created　such　a　ferment　that　the　syndics　expelled　Calvin　and　Farel
  from　the　city。　　They　went　at　first　to　Berne；　but　the　Bernese　would
  not　receive　them。　　They　then　retired　to　Basle；　wearied；　wet；　and
  hungry；　and　from　Basle　they　went　to　Strasburg。　　It　was　in　this　city
  that　Calvin　dwelt　three　years；　spending　his　time　in　lecturing　on
  divinity；　in　making　contributions　to　exegetical　theology；　in
  perfecting　his　〃Institutes；〃　forming　a　close　alliance　with
  Melancthon　and　other　leading　reformers。　　So　pre…occupied　was　he
  with　his　labors　as　a　commentator　of　the　Scriptures；　that　he　even
  contemplated　withdrawing　from　the　public　service　of　religion。
  Calvin　was　a　scholar　as　well　as　theologian；　and　quiet　labors　in　his
  library　were　probably　more　congenial　to　his　tastes　than　active
  parochial　duties。　　His　highest　life　was　amid　his　books；　in　serene
  repose　and　lofty　contemplation。　　At　this　time　he　had　an　extensive
  correspondence；　his　advice　being　much　sought　for　its　wisdom　and
  moderation。　　His　judgment　was　almost　unerring；　since　he　was　never
  led　away　by　extravagances　or　enthusiasm：　a　cold；　calm　man　even
  among　his　friends　and　admirers。　　He　had　no　passions；　he　was　all
  intellect。　　It　would　seem　that　in　his　exile　he　gave　lectures　on
  divinity；　being　invited　by　the　Council　of　Strasburg；　and　also
  interested　himself　in　reference　to　the　Sacrament　of　the　Lord's
  Supper；　which　he　would　withhold　from　the　unworthy。　　He　lived
  quietly　in　his　retreat；　and　was　much　respected　by　the　people　of　the
  city　where　he　dwelt。
  In　1539　a　convention　was　held　at　Frankfort；　at　which　Calvin　was
  present　as　the　envoy　of　the　city　of　Strasburg。　　Here；　for　the　first
  time；　he　met　Melancthon；　but　there　was　no　close　intimacy　between
  them　until　these　two　great　men　met　in　the　following　year　at　a　Diet
  which　was　summoned　at　Worms　by　the　Emperor　Charles　V。；　in　order　to
  produce　concord　between　the　Catholics　and　Protestants；　and　which
  was　afterwards　removed　to　Ratisbon。　　Melancthon　represented　one
  party；　and　Doctor　Eck　the　other。　　Melancthon　and　Bucer　were
  inclined　to　peace；　and　Cardinal　Contarini　freely　offered　his　hand；
  agreeing　with　the　reformers　to　adopt　the　idea　of　Justification　as
  his　starting　point；　allowing　that　it　proceeds　from　faith；　without
  any　merit　of　our　own；　but；　like　Luther　and　Calvin；　he　opposed　any
  attempt　at　union　which　might　compromise　the　truth；　and　had　no　faith
  in　the　movement。　　Neither　party；　as　it　was　to　be　expected；　was
  satisfied。　　The　main　subject　of　the　dispute　was　in　reference　to　the
  Eucharist。　　Calvin　denied　the　real　presence　of　Christ　in　the
  Sacrament；　regarding　it　as　a　symbol；though　one　of　special　divine
  influence。　　But　on　this　point　the　Catholics　have　ever　been
  uncompromising　from　the　times　of　Berengar。　　Nor　was　Luther　fully
  emancipated　from　the　Catholic　doctrine；　modifying　without
  essentially　changing　it。　　Calvin　maintained　that　〃This　is　my　body〃
  meant　that　it　signified　〃my　body。〃　　In　regard　to　original　sin　and
  free…will；　as　represented　by　Augustine；　there　was　no　dispute；　but
  much　difficulty　attended　the　interpretation　of　the　doctrine　of
  Justification。　　The　greatest　difficulty　was　in　reference　to　the
  doctrine　of　Transubstantiation；　which　was　rejected　by　the　reformers
  because　it　had　not　the　sanction　of　the　Scriptures；　and　when　it　was
  found　that　this　caused　insuperable　difficulties　about　the　Lord's
  Supper；　it　was　thought　useless　to　proceed　to　other　matters；　like
  confession；　masses　for　the　dead；　and　the　withholding　the　cup　from
  the　laity。　　There　was　not　so　great　a　difference　between　the
  Catholic　and　Protestant　theologians　concerning　the　main　body　of
  dogmatic　divinity　as　is　generally　supposed。　　The　fundamental
  questions　pertaining　to　God；　the　Trinity；　the　mission　and　divinity
  of　Christ；　original　sin；　free…will；　grace；　predestination；　had　been
  formulated　by　Thomas　Aquinas　with　as　much　severity　as　by　Calvin。
  The　great　subjects　at　issue；　in　a　strictly　theological　view；　were
  Justification　and　the　Eucharist。　　Respecting　free…will　and
  predestination；　the　Catholic　theologians　have　never　been　agreed
  among　themselves；some　siding　with　Augustine；　like　Aquinas；
  Bernard；　and　Anselm；　and　some　with　Pelagius；　like　Abelard　and
  Lainez　the　Jesuit　at　the　Council　of　Trent　（a　council　assembled　by
  the　Pope；　with　the　concurrence　of　Charles　V。　of　Germany　and　Francis
  I。　of　France）；　the　decrees　of　which；　against　the　authority　of
  Augustine　in　this　matter；　seem　to　be　now　the　established　faith　of
  the　Roman　Catholic　Church。
  After　the　Diet　of　Ratisbon；　Calvin　returned　to　Geneva；　at　the　eager
  desire　of　the　people。　　The　great　Council　summoned　him　to　return；
  every　voice　was　raised　for　him。　　〃Calvin；　that　learned　and
  righteous　man；〃　they　said；　〃it　is　he　whom　we　would　have　as　the
  minister　of　the　Lord。〃　　Yet　he　did　not　willingly　return；　he
  preferred　his　quiet　life　at　Strasburg；　but　obeyed　the　voice　of
  conscience。　　On　the　13th　of　September；　1541；　he　returned　to　his
  penitent　congregation；　and　was　received　by　the　whole　city　with
  every　demonstration　of　respect；　and　a　cloth　cloak　was　given　him　as
  a　present；　which　he　seemed　to　need。
  The　same　year　he　was　married　to　a　widow；　Idelette　de　Burie；　who　was
  a　worthy；　well…read；　high…minded　woman；　with　whom　he　lived　happily
  for　nine　years；　until　her　death。　　She　was　superior　to　Luther's
  wife；　Catherine　Bora；　in　culture　and　dignity；　and　was　a　helpmate
  who　never　opposed　her　husband　in　the　slightest　matter；　always
  considering　his　interests。　　Esteem　and　friendship　seem　to　have　been
  the　basis　of　this　union；not　passionate　love；　which　Calvin　did　not
  think　much　of。　　When　his　wife　died　it　seems　he　mourned　for　her　with
  decent　grief；　but　did　not　seek　a　second　marriage；　perhaps　because
  he　was　unable　to　support　a　wife　on　his　small　stipend　as　she　would
  wish　and　expect。　　He　rather　courted　poverty；　and　refused　reasonable
  gratuities。　　His　body　was　attenuated　by　fasting　and　study；　like
  that　of　Saint　Bernard。　　When　he　was　completing　his　〃Institutes；〃　he
  passed　days　without　eating　and　nights　without　sleeping。　　And　as　he
  practised　poverty　he　had　a　right　to　inculcate　it。　　He　kept　no
  servant；　lived　in　a　small　tenement；　and　was　always　poorly　clad。　　He
  derived　no　profit　from　any　of　his　books；　and　the　only　present　he
  ever　consented　to　receive　was　a　silver　goblet　from　the　Lord　of
  Varennes。　　Luther's　stipend　was　four　hundred　and　fifty　florins；　and
  he　too　refused　a　yearly　gift　from　the　booksellers　of　four　hundred
  dollars；　not　wishing　to　receive　a　gratuity　for　his　writings。
  Calvin's　salary　was　only　fifty　dollars　a　year；　with　a　house；　twelve
  measures　of　corn　and　two　pipes　of　wine；　for　tea　and　coffee　were
  then　unknown　in　Europe；　and　wine　seems　to　have　been　the　usual
  beverage；　after　water。　　He　was　pre…eminently　a　conscientious　man；
  not　allowing　his　feelings　to　sway　his　judgment。　　He　was　sedate　and
  dignified　and　cheerful；　though　Bossuet　accuses　him　of　a　surly
  disposition；un　genre　triste；　un　esprit　chagrin。　　Though　formal
  and　stern；　women　never　shrank　from　familiar　conversation　with　him
  on　the　subject　of　religion。　　Though　intolerant　of　error；　he
  cherished　no　personal　animosities。　　Calvin　was　more　refined　than
  Luther；　and　never　like　him　gave　vent　to　coarse　expressions。　　He　had
  not　Luther's　physical　strength；　nor　his　versatility　of　genius；　nor
  as　a　reformer　was　he　so　violent。　　〃Luther　aroused；　Calvin
  tranquillized。〃　　The　one　stormed　the　great　citadel　of　error；　the
  other　furnished　the　weapons　for　holding　it　after　it　was　taken。　　The
  former　was　more　popular；　the　latter　appealed　to　a　higher
  intelligence。　　The　Saxon　reformer　was　more　eloquent；　the　Swiss
  reformer　was　more　dialectical。　　The　one　advocated　unity；　the　other
  theocracy。　　Luther　was　broader；　Calvin　engrafted　on　his　reforms　the
  Old　Testament　observances。　　The　watchword　of　the　one　was　Grace；
  that　of　the　other　was　Predestination。　　Luther　cut　knots；　Calvin
  made　systems。　　Luther　destroyed；　Calvin　legislated。　　His　great
  principle　of　government　was　aristocratic。　　He　wished　to　see　both
  Church　and　State　governed　by　a　select　few　of　able　men。　　In　all　his
  writings　we　see　no　trace　of　popular　sovereignty。　　He　interested
  himself；　like　Savonarola；　in　political　institutions；　but　would
  separate　the　functions　of　the　magistracy　from　those　of　the　clergy；
  and　he　clung　to　the　notion　of　a　theocratic　government；　like　Jewish
  legislators　and　the　popes　themselves。　　The　idea　of　a　theocracy　was
  the　basis　of　Calvin's　system　of　legislation；　as　it　was　that