第 19 节
作者:敏儿不觉      更新:2021-02-24 22:58      字数:9321
  further of ‘‘having had no other means to maintain her and her children
  but what came from the Countess。''             This last; of course; was less than the
  truth。    Anne was not so indigent that she needed to take to poisoning as a
  means of supporting her family。             She also said ‘‘that when her hand was
  once in this business she knew the revealing of it would be her overthrow。''
  In more than one account written later of her execution she is said to
  have worn a ruff and cuffs dressed with the yellow starch which she had
  made   so   fashionable;  and   it   is   maintained   that   this   association   made   the
  starch thereafter unpopular。          It is forgotten that with Anne the recipe for
  the   yellow   starch   probably   was   lost。     Moreover;   the   elaborate   ruff   was
  then    being    put  out   of  fashion    by   the  introduction     of  the   much    more
  comfortable   lace   collar。   In   any   case;   ‘‘There   is   no   truth;''   writes   Judge
  Parry;
  in   the   old   story'14'   that   Coke   ordered   her   to   be   executed   in   the
  yellow   ruff   she   had   made   the   fashion   and   so   proudly   worn   in   Court。
  What did happen; according to Sir Simonds d'Ewes; was that the hangman;
  a coarse ruffian with a distorted sense of humour; dressed himself in bands
  and cuffs of yellow colour; but no one heeded his ribaldry; only in after
  days   none   of   either   sex   used   the   yellow   starch;   and   the   fashion   grew
  generally to be detested。
  '14'   Probably      started   by   Michael     Sparke     (‘‘Scintilla'')   in  Truth
  Brought to Light (1651)。
  Pretty much; I should think; as the tall ‘choker' became detested within
  the   time   of   many   of   us。      After   Mrs   Turner   Sir   Gervase   Elwes   was
  brought to trial as an accessory。          The only evidence against him was that
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  of the liar Franklin; who asserted that Sir Gervase had been in league with
  the Countess。       It was plain; however; both from Weston's statements and
  from   Sir   Gervase's   own;   that   the   Lieutenant   of   the   Tower   had   done   his
  very best to defeat the Turner…Essex…Northampton plot for the poisoning
  of Overbury; throwing away the ‘‘rosalgar'' and later draughts; as well as
  substituting      food   from    his   own    kitchen    for  that   sent   in  by   Turner。
  ‘‘Although it must have been clear that if any of what was alleged against
  him   had   been   true   Overbury's   poisoning   would   never   have   taken   five
  months to accomplish; he was sentenced and hanged。'''15'
  '15' Sabatini; The Minion。
  This;   of   course;   was   a   glaring   piece   of   injustice;   but   Coke   no   doubt
  had his instructions。       Weston; Mrs Turner; Elwes; and; later; Franklin had
  to   be   got   out   of   the   way;   so   that   they   could   not   be   confronted   with   the
  chief figure against whom the Great Oyer was directed; and whom it was
  designed to pull down; Robert Carr; Earl of Somerset and with him his
  wife。    Just as much of the statements and confessions of the prisoners in
  the four preliminary trials was used by Coke as suited his purpose。                     It is
  pointed out by Amos; in his Great Oyer of Poisoning; that a large number
  of the documents appertaining to the Somerset trial show corrections and
  apparent glosses in Coke's own handwriting; and that even the confessions
  on the scaffold of some of the convicted are holographs by Coke。                       As a
  sample of the suppression of which Coke was guilty I may put forward the
  fact that Somerset's note to his own physician; Craig; asking him to visit
  Overbury; was not produced。             Yet great play was made by Coke of this
  visit   against   Somerset。     Wrote   Somerset   to   Craig;   ‘‘I   pray   you   let   him
  have your best help; and as much of your company as he shall require。''
  It   was   never   proved   that   it   was   Anne   Turner   and   Lady   Essex   who
  corrupted   the   lad   Reeves;   who   with   Weston   administered   the   poisoned
  clyster that murdered Overbury。             Nothing was done at all to absolve the
  apothecary   Loubel;   Reeves's   master;   of   having   prepared   the   poisonous
  injection; nor Sir Theodore Mayerne; the King's physician; of having been
  party to its preparation。       Yet it was demonstrably the injection that killed
  Overbury if he was killed by poison at all。               It is certain that the poisons
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  sent    to  the  Tower     by   Turner   and   the   Countess     did  not   save   in  early
  instances;   get   to   Overbury   at   allElwes   saw   to   thator   Overbury   must
  have died months before he did die。
  According   to   Weldon;   who   may   be   supposed   to   have   witnessed   the
  trials;   Franklin   confessed   ‘‘that   Overbury   was   smothered   to   death;   not
  poisoned to death; though he had poison given him。''                  And Weldon goes
  on to make this curious comment:
  Here was Coke glad; how to cast about to bring both ends together;
  Mrs Turner   and Weston   being   already  hanged   for  killing   Overbury  with
  poison; but he; being the very quintessence of the law; presently informs
  the   jury   that   if   a   man   be   done   to   death   with   pistols;   poniards;   swords;
  halter; poison; etc。; so he be done to death; the indictment is good if he be
  but indicted for any of those ways。            But the good lawyers of those times
  were   not   of   that   opinion;   but   did   believe   that   Mrs   Turner   was   directly
  murthered by my lord Coke's law as Overbury was without any law。
  Though you will look in vain through the reports given in the State
  Trials for any speech of Coke to the jury in exactly these terms; it might be
  just as well to remember that the transcriptions from which the Trials are
  printed were prepared UNDER Coke's SUPERVISION; and that they; like
  the confessions of the convicted; are very often in his own handwriting。
  At all events; even on the bowdlerized evidence that exists; it is plain
  that Anne Turner should have been charged only with attempted murder。
  Of that she was manifestly guilty and; according to the justice of the time;
  thoroughly deserved to be hanged。             The indictment against her was faulty;
  and   the   case   against   her   as   full   of   holes   as   a   colander。 Her   trial   was
  ‘cooked' in more senses than one。
  It was some seven months after the execution of Anne Turner that the
  Countess of Essex was brought to trial。             This was in May。        In December;
  while virtually a prisoner under the charge of Sir William Smith at Lord
  Aubigny's   house   in   Blackfriars;   she   had   given   birth   to   a   daughter。    In
  March she had been conveyed to the Tower; her baby being handed over to
  the care of her mother; the Countess of Suffolk。               Since the autumn of the
  previous   year   she   had   not   been   permitted   any   communication   with   her
  husband; nor he with her。          He was already lodged in the Tower when she
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  arrived there。
  On a day towards the end of May she was conveyed by water from the
  Tower   to   Westminster   Hall。       The   hall   was   packed   to   suffocation;   seats
  being paid for at prices which would turn a modern promoter of a world's
  heavyweight…boxing…championship               fight   green   with    envy。   Her     judges
  were twenty…two peers of the realm; with the Lord High Steward; the Lord
  Chief Justice; and seven judges at law。             It was a pageant of colour; in the
  midst of which the woman on trial; in her careful toilette; consisting of a
  black    stammel     gown;     a  cypress   chaperon     or   black   crepe   hood    in  the
  French   fashion;   relieved   by   touches   of   white   in   the   cuffs   and   ruff   of
  cobweb lawn; struck a funereal note。             Preceded by the headsman carrying
  his axe with its edge turned away from her; she was conducted to the bar
  by the Lieutenant of the Tower。           The indictment was read to her; and at its
  end   came   the   question:     ‘‘Frances   Howard;   Countess   of   Somerset;   how
  sayest thou?      Art thou guilty of this felony and murder or not guilty?''
  There   was   a   hushed   pause   for   a   moment;   then   came   the   low…voiced
  answer:      ‘‘Guilty。''
  Sir