第 29 节
作者:北方网      更新:2021-02-24 22:10      字数:9322
  … Page 100…
  EARLY KINGS OF NORWAY。
  again。   His   descendants   and   successors   were   a   comparatively  respectable
  kin。 The last and greatest of them I shall mention is Hakon VII。; or Hakon
  the Old; whose fame is still lively among us; from the Battle of Largs at
  least。
  100
  … Page 101…
  EARLY KINGS OF NORWAY。
  CHAPTER XV。
  HAKON THE OLD AT LARGS。
  In the Norse annals our famous Battle of Largs makes small figure; or
  almost none at all among Hakon's battles and feats。 They do say indeed;
  these Norse annalists; that the King of Scotland; Alexander III。 (who had
  such   a   fate   among   the   crags   about   Kinghorn   in   time   coming);   was   very
  anxious to purchase from King Hakon his sovereignty of the Western Isles;
  but that Hakon pointedly refused; and at length; being again importuned
  and bothered on the business; decided on giving a refusal that could not be
  mistaken。      Decided;    namely;     to  go   with   a   big   expedition;    and   look
  thoroughly   into   that   wing   of   his   Dominions;   where   no   doubt   much   has
  fallen awry since Magnus Barefoot's grand visit thither; and seems to be
  inviting the cupidity of bad neighbors! 〃All this we will put right again;〃
  thinks Hakon; 〃and gird it up   into a safe and defensive posture。〃   Hakon
  sailed accordingly; with a strong fleet; adjusting and rectifying among his
  Hebrides   as   he   went   long;   and   landing   withal   on   the   Scotch   coast   to
  plunder   and   punish   as   he   thought   fit。   The   Scots   say   he   had   claimed   of
  them Arran; Bute; and the Two Cumbraes (〃given my ancestors by Donald
  Bain;〃 said Hakon; to the amazement of the Scots) 〃as part of the Sudoer〃
  (Southern Isles): so far from selling that fine kingdom!and that it was
  after taking both Arran and Bute that he made his descent at Largs。
  Of   Largs   there   is   no   mention   whatever   in   Norse   books。   But   beyond
  any doubt; such is the other evidence; Hakon did land there; land and fight;
  not conquering; probably rather beaten; and very certainly 〃retiring to his
  ships;〃   as   in   either   case   he   behooved   to   do!   It   is   further   certain   he   was
  dreadfully maltreated by the weather on those wild coasts; and altogether
  credible; as the Scotch records bear; that he was so at Largs very specially。
  The Norse Records or Sagas say merely; he lost many of his ships by the
  tempests; and many of his men by land fighting in various parts;tacitly
  including Largs; no doubt; which was the last of these misfortunes to him。
  〃In the battle here he lost 15;000 men; say the Scots; we 5;000〃! Divide
  101
  … Page 102…
  EARLY KINGS OF NORWAY。
  these    numbers      by   ten;  and    the  excellently     brief  and    lucid   Scottish
  summary       by   Buchanan      may    be   taken   as  the   approximately      true   and
  exact。'19' Date of the battle is A。D。 1263。
  To this day; on a little plain to the south of the village; now town; of
  Largs; in Ayrshire; there are seen stone cairns and monumental heaps; and;
  until within a century  ago; one huge; solitary;  upright stone; still   mutely
  testifying    to  a   battle  there;altogether     clearly;   to  this  battle  of   King
  Hakon's;   who   by   the   Norse   records;   too;   was   in   these   neighborhoods   at
  that   same   date;   and   evidently  in   an   aggressive; high   kind   of  humor。   For
  〃while his ships and army were doubling the Mull of Cantire; he had his
  own     boat   set  on  wheels;    and   therein;   splendidly   enough;      had   himself
  drawn     across    the  Promontory      at  a  flatter  part;〃   no  doubt    with   horns
  sounding; banners waving。 〃All to the left of me is mine and Norway's;〃
  exclaimed   Hakon   in   his   triumphant   boat   progress;   which   such   disasters
  soon followed。
  Hakon gathered his wrecks together; and sorrowfully made for Orkney。
  It is possible enough; as our Guide Books now say; he may have gone by
  Iona; Mull; and the narrow seas inside of Skye; and that the _Kyle…Akin_;
  favorably known to sea…bathers in that region; may actually mean the Kyle
  (narrow   strait)   of   Hakon;   where   Hakon   may   have   dropped   anchor;   and
  rested for a little while in smooth water and beautiful environment;  safe
  from equinoctial storms。 But poor Hakon's heart was now broken。 He went
  to Orkney; died there in the winter; never beholding Norway more。
  He    it  was   who   got   Iceland;   which    had   been    a  Republic     for  four
  centuries;     united    to  his   kingdom      of   Norway:     a   long   and    intricate
  operation;much presided over by our Snorro Sturleson; so often quoted
  here; who indeed lost his life (by assassination from his sons…in…law) and
  out of great wealth sank at once into poverty of zero;one midnight in his
  own cellar; in the course of that bad business。 Hakon was a great Politician
  in his time; and succeeded in many things before he lost Largs。 Snorro's
  death   by   murder   had   happened   about   twenty   years   before   Hakon's   by
  broken heart。 He is called Hakon the Old; though one finds his age was but
  fifty…nine; probably  a   longish life   for   a Norway  King。  Snorro's   narrative
  ceases   when   Snorro himself   was   born; that   is   to   say;  at   the   threshold of
  102
  … Page 103…
  EARLY KINGS OF NORWAY。
  King Sverrir; of whose exploits and doubtful birth it is guessed by some
  that Snorro willingly forbore to speak in the hearing of such a Hakon。
  103
  … Page 104…
  EARLY KINGS OF NORWAY。
  CHAPTER XVI。
  EPILOGUE。
  Haarfagr's   kindred   lasted   some   three   centuries   in   Norway;   Sverrir's
  lasted    into   its  third  century     there;   how    long   after   this;  among     the
  neighboring       kinships;     I  did    not   inquire。    For;   by    regal   affinities;
  consanguinities;        and    unexpected      chances      and    changes;     the    three
  Scandinavian kingdoms fell all peaceably together under Queen Margaret;
  of   the   Calmar   Union   (A。D。   1397);   and   Norway;   incorporated   now   with
  Denmark; needed no more kings。
  The History of these Haarfagrs has awakened in me many thoughts: Of
  Despotism       and    Democracy;       arbitrary   government       by   one    and   self…
  government        (which     means     no   government;      or   anarchy)     by   all;  of
  Dictatorship       with   many      faults;  and    Universal      Suffrage    with    little
  possibility of any virtue。 For the contrast between Olaf Tryggveson; and a
  Universal…Suffrage   Parliament   or   an   〃Imperial〃   Copper   Captain   has;   in
  these nine centuries; grown to be very great。 And the eternal Providence
  that guides all this; and produces alike these entities with their epochs; is
  not its course still through the great deep? Does not it still speak to us; if
  we   have   ears?   Here;   clothed   in   stormy   enough   passions   and   instincts;
  unconscious of any aim but their own satisfaction; is the blessed beginning
  of   Human   Order;   Regulation;   and   real   Government;   there;   clothed   in   a
  highly   different;   but   again   suitable   garniture   of   passions;   instincts;   and
  equally     unconscious      as   to  real   aim;   is  the  accursed…looking        ending
  (temporary  ending) of   Order;  Regulation;  and   Government;very  dismal
  to the sane onlooker for the time being; not dismal to him otherwise; his
  hope; too; being steadfast! But here; at any rate; in this poor Norse theatre;
  one   looks   with    interest   on   the   first   transformation;   so   mysterious   and
  abstruse; of human Chaos into something of articulate Cosmos; witnesses
  the   wild   and   strange    birth…pangs    of   Human     Society;   and    reflects  that
  without something similar (little as men expect such now); no Cosmos of
  104
  … Page 105…
  EARLY KINGS OF NORWAY。
  human society ever was got into existence; nor can ever again be。
  The   violences;   fightings;   crimesah   yes;   these   seldom   fail;   and   they
  are very lamentable。 But always; too; among those old populations; there
  was     one    saving    element;     the   now     want    of   which;    especia