第 6 节
作者:北方网      更新:2021-02-24 22:10      字数:9322
  is always an uncertainty in these Icelandic dates (say rather; rare and rude
  attempts at dating; without even an 〃A。D。〃 or other fixed 〃year one〃 to go
  upon in Iceland); though seldom; I think; so large a discrepancy as here。
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  EARLY KINGS OF NORWAY。
  CHAPTER V。
  HAKON JARL。
  Hakon Jarl; such the style he took; had engaged to pay some kind of
  tribute    to  King   Blue…tooth;     〃if  he  could;〃   but   he  never    did  pay   any;
  pleading     always    the  necessity   of   his  own    affairs;  with   which    excuse;
  joined    to  Hakon's    readiness    in  things   less  important;    King    Blue…tooth
  managed   to   content   himself;   Hakon   being   always   his   good   neighbor;   at
  least; and the two mutually dependent。 In Norway; Hakon; without the title
  of king; did in a strong…handed; steadfast; and at length; successful way;
  the office of one; governed Norway (some count) for above twenty years;
  and;  both   at home   and   abroad;   had   much   consideration   through   most   of
  that time; specially amongst the heathen orthodox; for Hakon Jarl himself
  was a zealous heathen; fixed in his mind against these chimerical Christian
  innovations      and   unsalutary    changes     of  creed;   and   would    have   gladly
  trampled out all traces of what the last two kings (for Greyfell; also; was
  an English Christian after his sort) had done in this respect。 But he wisely
  discerned that it was not possible; and that; for peace's sake; he must not
  even   attempt   it;   but   must   strike   preferably   into   〃perfect   toleration;〃   and
  that of 〃every one getting to heaven or even to the other goal in his own
  way。〃   He   himself;   it   is   well   known;   repaired   many   heathen   temples   (a
  great   〃church   builder〃   in   his   way!);   manufactured   many   splendid   idols;
  with much gilding and such artistic ornament as there was;in particular;
  one huge image of Thor; not forgetting the hammer and appendages; and
  such a collar (supposed of solid gold; which it was not quite; as we shall
  hear in time) round the neck of him  as was never seen in all the   North。
  How he did his own Yule festivals; with what magnificent solemnity; the
  horse…eatings; blood…sprinklings; and other sacred rites; need not be told。
  Something of a 〃Ritualist;〃 one may perceive; perhaps had Scandinavian
  Puseyisms       in   him;    and   other    desperate     heathen    notions。    He    was
  universally believed to have gone into magic; for one thing; and to have
  dangerous   potencies   derived   from   the   Devil   himself。   The   dark   heathen
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  mind of him struggling vehemently in that strange element; not altogether
  so unlike our own in some points。
  For   the   rest;   he   was   evidently;   in   practical   matters;   a   man   of   sharp;
  clear insight; of steadfast resolution; diligence; promptitude; and managed
  his secular matters uncommonly well。 Had sixteen Jarls under him; though
  himself only Hakon Jarl by title; and got obedience from them stricter than
  any king since Haarfagr had done。 Add to which that the country had years
  excellent   for   grass   and   crop;   and   that   the   herrings   came   in   exuberance;
  tokens; to the thinking mind; that Hakon Jarl was a favorite of Heaven。
  His fight with the far…famed Jomsvikings was his grandest exploit in
  public rumor。 Jomsburg; a locality not now known; except that it was near
  the mouth of the River Oder; denoted in those ages the impregnable castle
  of a certain hotly corporate; or 〃Sea Robbery Association (limited);〃 which;
  for some generations; held the Baltic in terror; and plundered far beyond
  the Belt;in the ocean itself; in   Flanders and the opulent trading   havens
  there;above all; in opulent anarchic England; which; for forty years from
  about   this   time;   was   the   pirates'   Goshen;   and   yielded;   regularly   every
  summer;       slaves;    Danegelt;     and   miscellaneous       plunder;     like   no   other
  country   Jomsburg   or   the   viking…world   had   ever   known。   Palnatoke;   Bue;
  and the other quasi…heroic heads of this establishment are still remembered
  in    the   northern      parts。   _Palnatoke_       is   the   title   of   a   tragedy     by
  Oehlenschlager;   which   had   its   run   of   immortality   in   Copenhagen   some
  sixty or seventy years ago。
  I judge the institution to have been in its floweriest state; probably now
  in   Hakon      Jarl's  time。   Hakon     Jarl   and   these   pirates;   robbing     Hakon's
  subjects and merchants that frequented him; were naturally in quarrel; and
  frequent      fightings    had   fallen   out;   not   generally     to  the   profit   of  the
  Jomsburgers;   who   at   last   determined   on   revenge;   and   the   rooting   out   of
  this obstructive Hakon Jarl。 They assembled in force at the Cape of Stad;
  in the Firda Fylke; and the fight was dreadful in the extreme; noise of it
  filling all the north for long afterwards。 Hakon; fighting like a lion; could
  scarcely  hold   his   own;Death   or Victory;   the   word   on   both   sides;   when
  suddenly; the heavens grew black; and there broke out a terrific storm of
  thunder      and   hail;  appalling     to  the   human      mind;universe       swallowed
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  wholly   in   black   night;   only   the   momentary   forked…blazes;   the   thunder…
  pealing   as   of   Ragnarok;   and   the   battering   hail…torrents;   hailstones   about
  the size of an egg。 Thor with his hammer evidently acting; but in behalf of
  whom? The Jomsburgers in the hideous darkness; broken only by flashing
  thunder…bolts; had a dismal apprehension that it was probably not on their
  behalf (Thor having a sense of justice in him); and before the storm ended;
  thirty…five of their seventy ships sheered away; leaving gallant Bue; with
  the   other   thirty…five;   to   follow   as   they   liked;   who   reproachfully   hailed
  these fugitives; and continued the now hopeless battle。 Bue's nose and lips
  were   smashed   or   cut   away;   Bue   managed;   half…articulately;   to   exclaim;
  〃Ha! the maids ('mays') of Funen will never kiss me more。 Overboard; all
  ye   Bue's   men!〃 And   taking   his   two   sea…chests;   with   all   the   gold   he   had
  gained   in   such   life…struggle   from   of   old;   sprang   overboard   accordingly;
  and     finished    the   affair。   Hakon     Jarl's   renown      rose   naturally    to   the
  transcendent   pitch   after   this   exploit。   His   people;   I   suppose   chiefly   the
  Christian part of them; whispered one to another; with a shudder; 〃That in
  the blackest of the thunder…storm; he had taken his youngest little boy; and
  made away with him; sacrificed him to Thor or some devil; and gained his
  victory by art…magic; or something worse。〃 Jarl Eric; Hakon's eldest son;
  without suspicion of art…magic; but already a distinguished viking; became
  thrice    distinguished      by   his   style   of   sea…fighting     in   this  battle;   and
  awakened   great   expectations   in   the   viking   public;   of   him   we   shall   hear
  again。
  The   Jomsburgers;   one   might   fancy;   after   this   sad   clap   went   visibly
  down in the world; but the fact is not altogether so。 Old King Blue…tooth
  was now dead; died of a wound got in battle with his unnatural (so…called
  〃natural〃) son and successor; Otto Svein of the Forked Beard; afterwards
  king   and   conqueror   of   England   for   a   little   while;   and   seldom;   perhaps
  never; had vikingism been in such flower as now。 This man's name is Sven
  in   Swedish;      Svend     in  German;      and   means     boy    or   lad;the   English
  〃swain。〃   It   was   at   old   〃Father   Bluetooth's   funeral…ale〃   (drunken   burial…
  feast);   that   Svein;   carousing   with   his   Jomsburg   chiefs   and   other   choice
  spirits; generally of the robber class; all risen into height of highest robber
  enthusiasm; pledged the vow to one another; Svein that he would conquer
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  England       (which;    in  a   sense;   he;   after  long    struggling;     did);  and    the
  Jomsburgers that they would ruin and root out Hakon Jarl (which; as we
  have just seen; they could by no means do); and other guests other foolish
  things     which      proved     equally