第 16 节
作者:恐龙王      更新:2021-02-21 14:13      字数:9322
  Finally; in 1869; the Minnesota Sioux; goaded by many wrongs; arose and
  murdered   many   of   the  settlers;   afterward   fleeing   into   the   country  of   the
  Unkpapas and appealing to them for help; urging that all Indians should
  make common cause against the invader。                 This brought Sitting Bull face
  to face with a question which was not yet fully matured in his own mind;
  but having satisfied himself of the justice of their cause; he joined forces
  with the renegades during the summer of 1863; and from this time on he
  was an acknowledged leader。
  In   1865     and   1866    he   met   the   Canadian     half…breed;     Louis    Riel;
  instigator of two rebellions; who had come across the line for safety; and
  in   fact   at   this   time  he   harbored   a  number  of   outlaws and   fugitives   from
  justice。    His conversations with these; especially with the French mixed…
  bloods; who inflamed his prejudices against the Americans; all had their
  influence in   making of the wily  Sioux   a determined   enemy to   the   white
  man。     While among his own people he was always affable and genial; he
  became boastful and domineering in his dealings with the hated race。                     He
  once remarked that 〃if we wish to make any impression upon the pale…face;
  it is necessary to put on his mask。〃
  Sitting    Bull   joined   in  the   attack   on   Fort  Phil   Kearny     and   in  the
  subsequent hostilities; but he accepted in good faith the treaty of 1868; and
  soon     after  it  was   signed    he  visited   Washington      with   Red    Cloud    and
  Spotted   Tail;   on   which   occasion   the   three   distinguished   chiefs   attracted
  much   attention   and   were   entertained   at   dinner   by   President   Grant   and
  other notables。       He considered that the life of the white man as he saw it
  was no life for his people; but hoped by close adherence to the terms of
  this   treaty   to  preserve     the  Big    Horn    and   Black    Hills   country    for  a
  permanent        hunting    ground。      When       gold    was    discovered      and    the
  irrepressible gold   seekers   made   their   historic dash   across   the   plains   into
  this forbidden paradise; then his faith in the white man's honor was gone
  forever; and he took his final and most persistent stand in defense of his
  nation   and   home。      His   bitter   and   at   the   same   time   well…grounded   and
  52
  … Page 53…
  INDIAN HEROES AND GREAT CHIEFTAINS
  philosophical dislike of the conquering race is well expressed in a speech
  made before the purely Indian council before referred to; upon the Powder
  River。     I will give it in brief as it has been several times repeated to me by
  men who were present。
  〃Behold; my friends; the spring is come; the earth has gladly received
  the embraces of the sun; and we shall soon see the results of their love!
  Every seed is awakened; and all animal life。             It is through this mysterious
  power that we too have our being; and we therefore yield to our neighbors;
  even to our animal neighbors; the same right as ourselves to inhabit this
  vast land。
  〃Yet hear me; friends! we have now to deal with another people; small
  and   feeble   when   our   forefathers   first   met   with   them;   but   now   great   and
  overbearing。       Strangely enough; they have a mind to till the soil; and the
  love of possessions is a disease in them。            These people have made many
  rules that the rich may break; but the poor may not!              They have a religion
  in which the poor worship; but the rich will not!             They even take tithes of
  the poor and weak to support the rich and those who rule。                     They claim
  this mother of ours; the Earth; for their own use; and fence their neighbors
  away from her; and deface her with their buildings and their refuse。                  They
  compel her to produce out of season; and when sterile she is made to take
  medicine in order to produce again。           All this is sacrilege。
  〃This nation is like a spring freshet; it overruns its banks and destroys
  all who are in its path。       We cannot dwell side by side。           Only seven years
  ago we made a treaty by which we were assured that the buffalo country
  should be left to us forever。        Now they threaten to take that from us also。
  My   brothers;   shall   we   submit?   or   shall   we   say   to   them:   'First   kill   me;
  before you can take possession of my fatherland!'〃
  As Sitting Bull spoke; so he felt; and he had the courage to stand by
  his words。      Crazy Horse led his forces in the field; as for him; he applied
  his energies to state affairs; and by his strong and aggressive personality
  contributed much to holding the hostiles together。
  It   may   be   said   without   fear   of   contradiction   that   Sitting   Bull   never
  killed    any   women     or  children。    He    was    a  fair  fighter;  and   while   not
  prominent   in   battle   after   his   young   manhood;   he   was   the   brains   of   the
  53
  … Page 54…
  INDIAN HEROES AND GREAT CHIEFTAINS
  Sioux resistance。       He has been called a 〃medicine man〃 and a 〃dreamer。〃
  Strictly   speaking;   he   was   neither   of   these;   and   the   white   historians   are
  prone    to  confuse    the   two。   A   medicine     man    is  a  doctor   or  healer;  a
  dreamer is an active war prophet who leads his war party according to his
  dream or prophecy。         What is called by whites 〃making medicine〃 in war
  time is again a wrong conception。            Every warrior carries a bag of sacred
  or lucky charms; supposed to protect the wearer alone; but it has nothing
  to   do   with   the   success   or   safety   of   the   party   as   a   whole。 No   one   can
  make any 〃medicine〃 to affect the result of a battle; although it has been
  said that Sitting Bull did this at the battle of the Little Big Horn。
  When Custer and Reno attacked the camp at both ends; the chief was
  caught napping。        The village was in danger of surprise; and the women
  and children must be placed in safety。           Like other men of his age; Sitting
  Bull got his family together for flight; and then joined the warriors on the
  Reno side of the attack。         Thus he was not in the famous charge against
  Custer;     nevertheless;     his   voice    was    heard     exhorting     the   warriors
  throughout that day。
  During the autumn of 1876; after the fall of Custer; Sitting Bull was
  hunted all through the Yellowstone region by the military。               The following
  characteristic     letter;  doubtless   written    at  his  dictation   by  a  half…breed
  interpreter;   was   sent   to   Colonel   Otis   immediately   after   a   daring   attack
  upon his wagon train。
  〃I   want   to   know   what   you   are   doing;   traveling   on   this   road。 You
  scare all the buffalo away。         I want to hunt in this place。         I want you to
  turn back from here。        If you don't; I will fight you again。         I want you to
  leave what you have got here and turn back from here。
  I am your friend
  Sitting Bull。 I mean all the rations you have got and some powder。
  Wish you would write me as soon as you can。〃
  Otis; however; kept on and joined Colonel Miles; who followed Sitting
  Bull with about four hundred soldiers。            He overtook him at last on Cedar
  54
  … Page 55…
  INDIAN HEROES AND GREAT CHIEFTAINS
  Creek; near the Yellowstone; and the two met midway between the lines
  for a parley。      The army report says: 〃Sitting Bull wanted peace in his own
  way。〃      The     truth   was    that   he   wanted     nothing    more     than   had    been
  guaranteed   to   them   by   the   treaty   of   1868      the   exclusive   possession   of
  their last hunting ground。          This the government was not now prepared to
  grant; as it had been decided to place all the Indians under military control
  upon the various reservations。
  Since it was impossible to reconcile two such conflicting demands; the
  hostiles were driven about from pillar to post for several more years; and
  finally   took    refuge   across   the   line    in   Canada;   where   Sitting   Bull     had
  placed   his   last   hope   of   justice   and   freedom   for   his   race。  Here   he   was
  joined from time to time by parties of malcontents from the reservation;
  driven largely by starvation and ill…treatment to seek another home。                     Here;
  too;    they   were    followed     by   United     State