第 27 节
作者:你妹找1      更新:2021-02-21 11:56      字数:9322
  individuals。。。 Neither the ant nor the bee can be supposed to have a sense
  of duty; in the acceptation we give to that word; nor can it be supposed
  that it is continually undergoing self…sacrifice; in the ordinary acceptation
  of   that   word。。。   'The   facts'   show   us   that   it   is   within   the   possibilities   of
  organization   to   produce   a   nature   which   shall   be   just   as   energetic   in   the
  pursuit   of   altruistic   ends;   as   is   in   other   cases   shown   in   the   pursuit   of
  egoistic ends; and they show that; in such cases; these altruistic ends are
  pursued in pursuing ends which; on their other face; are egoistic。 For the
  satisfaction   of the needs of the   organization;  these   actions;  conducive   to
  the welfare of others; must be carried on。。。
  。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。
  〃So   far  from  its being   true   that   there  must   go on;  throughout   all   the
  futur e; a condition in which self…regard is to be continually subjected by
  the regard   for others;   it   will;   contrari…wise;   be the   case   that   a   regard   for
  others will eventually become so large a source of pleasure as to overgrow
  the    pleasure     which     is   derivable     from     direct   egoistic     gratification。。。
  Eventually; then; there will come also a state in which egoism and altruism
  are so conciliated that the one merges in the other。〃
  VI
  Of course the foregoing prediction does not imply that human nature
  will ever undergo such physiological change as would be represented by
  structural specializations comparable to those by which the various castes
  of insect societies are differentiated。 We are not bidden to imagine a future
  state   of   humanity   in   which   the   active   majority   would   consist   of   semi…
  female workers and Amazons toiling for an inactive minority of selected
  Mothers。   Even   in   his   chapter;   〃Human   Population   in   the   Future;〃   Mr。
  Spencer has attempted no detailed statement of the physical modifications
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  inevitable   to   the   production   of   higher   moral   types;   though   his   general
  statement in regard to a perfected nervous system; and a great diminution
  of human fertility; suggests that such moral evolution would signify a very
  considerable amount of physical change。 If it be legitimate to believe in a
  future     humanity      to   which     the   pleasure     of  mutual     beneficence       will
  represent the whole joy of life; would it not also be legitimate to imagine
  other     transformations;      physical     and   moral;    which    the   facts   of  insect…
  biology have proved to be within the range of evolutional possibility?。。。 I
  do    not   know。     I  most    worshipfully     reverence      Herbert    Spencer     as   the
  greatest philosopher who has yet appeared in this world; and I should be
  very sorry to write down anything contrary to his teaching; in such wise
  that    the  reader    could    imagine     it  to  have    been    inspired    by   Synthetic
  Philosophy。 For the ensuing reflections; I alone am responsible; and if I err;
  let the sin be upon my own head。
  I   suppose   that   the   moral   transformations   predicted   by   Mr。   Spencer;
  could   be   effected   only   with   the   aid   of   physiological   change;   and   at   a
  terrible   cost。 Those   ethical   conditions   manifested   by  insect…societies   can
  have been reached only through effort desperately sustained for millions
  of    years    against    the   most    atrocious     necessities。     Necessities     equally
  merciless may have to be met and mastered eventually by the human race。
  Mr。    Spencer     has   shown     that   the  time   of   the  greatest    possible    human
  suffering is yet to come; and that it will be concomitant with the period of
  the greatest possible pressure   of population。 Among other   results of that
  long     stress;  I  understand     that   there   will  be   a  vast   increase    in  human
  intelligence and sympathy; and that this increases of intelligence will be
  effected   at   the   cost   of   human   fertility。   But   this   decline   in   reproductive
  power   will   not;   we   are   told;   be   sufficient   to   assure   the   very   highest   of
  social conditions: it will only relieve that pressure of population which has
  been     the   main    cause   of   human     suffering。    The    state  of   perfect   social
  equilibrium will be approached; but never quite reached; by mankind
  Unless there be discovered some means of solving economic problems;
  just as social insects have solved them; by the suppression of sex…life。
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  Supposing that such a discovery were made; and that the human race
  should     decide    to  arrest   the  development       of   six  in  the  majority     of  its
  young; so as to effect a transferrence of those forces; now demanded by
  sex…life to the development of higher activities; might not the result be
  an eventual state of polymorphism; like that of ants? And; in such event;
  might   not   the   Coming   Race   be   indeed   represented   in   its   higher   types;
  through      feminine     rather   than   masculine     evolution;     by   a  majority    of
  beings of neither sex?
  Considering   how  many  persons;  even   now;  through   merely  unselfish
  (not   to   speak   of   religious)   motives;   sentence   themselves   to   celibacy;   it
  should not appear improbably that a more highly evolved humanity would
  cheerfully sacrifice a large proportion of its sex…life for the common weal;
  particular ly in view of certain advantages to be gained。 Not the least of
  such   advantages      always   supposing   that   mankind   were   able   to   control
  sex…life   after   the   natural   manner   of   the   ants      would   be   a   prodigious
  increase   of   longevity。   The   higher   types   of   a   humanity   superior   to   sex
  might be able to realize the dream of life for a thousand years。
  Already we find lives too short for the work we have to do; and with
  the   constantly   accelerating   progress   of   discovery;   and   the   never…ceasing
  expansion of knowledge; we shall certainly find more and more reason to
  regret;   as   time   goes   on;   the   brevity  of   existence。 That   Science   will   ever
  discover   the   Elixir   of   the   Alchemists'   hope   is   extremely   unlikely。   The
  Cosmic   Powers   will   not   allow   us   to   cheat   them。   For   every   advantage
  which they yield us the full price must be paid: nothing for nothing is the
  everlasting law。 Perhaps the price of long life will   prove to   be the  price
  that the ants have paid for it。 Perhaps; upon some elder planet; that price
  has already been paid; and the power to produce offspring restricted to a
  caste morphologically differentiated; in unimaginable ways; from the rest
  of the species。。。
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  VII
  But while the facts of insect…biology suggest so much in regard to the
  future course of human evolution; do they not also suggest something of
  largest    significance    concerning     the   relation   of  ethics   to  cosmic    law?
  Apparently;      the   highest   evolution    will   not   be  permitted     to  creatures
  capable   of   what   human   moral   experience   has   in   all   areas   condemned。
  Apparently; the highest possible strength is the strength of unselfishness;
  and power supreme never will be accorded to cruelty or to lust。 There may
  be no gods; but the forces that shape and dissolve all forms of being would
  seem to be much more exacting than gods。 To prove a 〃dramatic tendency〃
  in   the   ways   of   the   stars   is   not   possible;   but   the   cosmic   process   seems
  nevertheless      to  affirm    the  worth    of   every    human     system    of   ethics
  fundamentally opposed to human egoism。
  …+…+…+…+…+…+…+…+…+…+…+…+…+…+…+…+…+…+…+…+…+…+…+…+…+…+…
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  Notes
  THE   STORY   OF   MIMI…NASHI…HOICHI   '1'   See   my   Kotto;   for   a
  description of these curious crabs。 '2' Or; Shimonoseki。 The town is also
  known by the name of Bakkan。 '3' The biwa; a kind of four…s