第 6 节
作者:九十八度      更新:2021-02-20 16:02      字数:9322
  horse will at one time humour you in one way and again in                         another。〃
  Cf。 viii。 13; x。 12; for {uperetein} of the horse。
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  On Horsemanship
  VII
  The   master;   let   us   suppose;   has   received   his   horse   and   is   ready   to
  mount。'1'      We    will   now    prescribe    certain    rules  to   be  observed     in  the
  interests not only of the horseman but of the animal which he bestrides。
  First;   then;   he   should   take   the   leading   rein;   which   hangs   from  the   chin…
  strap or nose…band;'2' conveniently in his left hand; held slack so as not to
  jerk the horse's mouth; whether he means to mount by hoisting himself up;
  catching hold of the mane behind the ears; or to vault on to horseback by
  help of his spear。 With the right hand he should grip the reins along with a
  tuft   of   hair   beside   the   shoulder…joint;'3'   so   that   he   may   not   in   any   way
  wrench the horse's mouth with the bit while mounting。 In the act of taking
  the   spring   off   the   ground   for   mounting;'4'   he   should   hoist   his   body   by
  help of the left hand; and with the right at full stretch assist the  upward
  movement'5'         (a   position    in  mounting      which     will   present    a  graceful
  spectacle   also   from  behind);'6'  at   the   same   time   with   the leg   well   bent;
  and taking care not to place his knee on the horse's back; he must pass his
  leg clean over to the off side; and so having brought his foot well round;
  plant himself firmly on his seat。'7'
  '1'    Reading     {otan    。  。  。  paradexetai    。  。  。  os  anabesomenos}。        Or;
  reading {otan paradexetai ton ippea (sc。 o。 ippos) ws                      anabesomenon};
  transl。 〃the horse has been brought round ready for                      mounting。〃
  '2'   So   Courier;   〃la   muserolle。〃   It   might   be   merely  a   stitched   leather
  strap or made of a chain in part; which rattled;   as                     {khrusokhalinon
  patagon psalion} (Aristoph。 〃Peace;〃 155) implies。                       〃Curb〃 would be
  misleading。
  '3' 〃Near the withers。〃
  '4'   Or;   〃as   soon   as   he   has   got   the   springing   poise   preliminary   to
  mounting。〃
  '5'   〃Give   himself   simultaneously   a   lift。〃   Reading   {ekteinon};   or   if
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  On Horsemanship
  {enteinon}; 〃keeping his right arm stiff。〃
  '6'  Or;   〃a   style   of   mounting   which   will   obviate   an   ungainly  attitude
  behind。〃
  '7' Lit。 〃lower his buttocks on to the horse's back。〃
  To meet the case in which the horseman may chance to be leading his
  horse   with   the   left hand   and   carrying   his spear  in   the  right;   it   would   be
  good; we think; for every one to practise vaulting on to his seat from the
  right side also。 In fact; he has nothing else to learn except to do with his
  right limbs what he has previously done with the left; and vice versa。 And
  the reason we approve of this method of mounting is'8' that it enables the
  soldier at one and the same instant to get astride of his horse and to find
  himself prepared at all points; supposing he should have to enter the lists
  of battle on a sudden。
  '8' Lit。 〃One reason for the praise which we bestow on this method of
  mounting   is   that   at   the   very   instant   of   gaining   his   seat   the  soldier
  finds   himself   fully   prepared   to   engage   the   enemy   on   a         sudden;   if
  occasion need。〃
  But now; supposing the rider fairly seated; whether bareback or on a
  saddle…cloth; a good seat is not that of a man seated on a chair; but rather
  the pose of a man standing upright with his legs apart。 In this way he will
  be able to hold on to the horse more firmly by his thighs; and this erect
  attitude    will   enable   him    to  hurl   a  javelin   or   to  strike  a   blow   from
  horseback; if occasion calls; with more vigorous effect。 The leg and foot
  should hang loosely from the knee; by keeping the leg stiff; the rider is apt
  to have it broken in collision with some obstacle; whereas a flexible leg'9'
  will yield to the impact; and at the same time not shift the thigh from its
  position。 The rider should also accustom the whole of his body above the
  hips to be as supple as possible; for thus he will enlarge his scope of action;
  and in case of a tug or shove be less liable to be unseated。 Next; when the
  rider is seated; he must; in the first place; teach his horse to stand quiet;
  until he has drawn his skirts from under him; if need be;'10' and got the
  reins an equal length and grasped his spear in the handiest fashion; and; in
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  the next place; he should keep his left arm close to his side。 This position
  will give the rider absolute ease and freedom;'11' and his hand the firmest
  hold。
  '9' i。e。 〃below the knee〃; 〃shin and calf。〃
  '10' Lit。 〃pulled up〃 (and arranged the folds of his mantle)。
  '11' {eustalestatos}; 〃the most business…like deportment。〃
  As   to   reins;   we   recommend   those   which   are   well   balanced;   without
  being weak or slippery or thick; so that when necessary; the hand which
  holds them can also grasp a spear。
  As soon as the rider gives the signal to the horse to start;'12' he should
  begin   at   a   walking   pace;   which   will   tend   to   allay   his   excitement。   If   the
  horse is inclined to droop his head; the reins should be held pretty high; or
  somewhat low; if he is disposed to carry his head high。 This will set off the
  horse's bearing to the best advantage。 Presently; as he falls into a natural
  trot;'13' he will gradually relax his limbs without the slightest suffering;
  and so come more agreeably to the gallop。'14' Since; too; the preference is
  given to starting on the left foot; it will best conduce to that lead if; while
  the horse is still trotting; the signal to gallop should be given at the instant
  of making a step with his right foot。'15' As he is on the point of lifting his
  left foot he   will start   upon   it; and   while turning left   will   simultaneously
  make   the   first   bound   of   the   gallop;'16'   since;   as   a   matter   of   instinct;   a
  horse; on being turned to the right; leads off with his right limbs; and to
  the left with his left。
  '12' 〃Forwards!〃
  '13' Or; 〃the true trot。〃
  '14'   {epirrabdophorein};   〃a   fast   pace   in   response   to   a   wave   of   the
  whip。〃
  '15'   See   Berenger;   i。   p。   249;   also   the   〃Cavalry   Drill   Book;〃   Part   I。
  Equitation; S。 22; 〃The Canter。〃
  '16'    {tes   episkeliseos};      〃he    will  make     the   forward     stride   of   the
  gallop in the act of turning to the left。〃 See Morgan ad loc。
  As   an   exercise;   we   recommend   what   is   called   the   volte;'17'   since   it
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  habituates the animal to turn to either hand; while a variation in the order
  of the turn is good as involving an equalisation of both sides of the mouth;
  in first one; and then the other half of the exercise。'18' But of the two we
  commend the oval form of the volte rather than the circular; for the horse;
  being already sated with the straight course; will be all the more ready to
  turn; and will be practised at once in the straight course and in wheeling。
  At   the   curve;   he   should   be   held   up;'19'   because   it   is   neither   easy   nor
  indeed safe when the horse is at full speed to turn sharp; especially if the
  ground is broken'20' or slippery。
  '17' {pede}; figure of eight。
  '18' Or; 〃on first one and then the other half of the manege。〃
  '19'   {upolambanein}。   See   〃Hipparch;〃   iii。   14;   〃Hunting;〃   iii。   10;   vi。
  22; of a dog。
  '20' {apokroton}; al。 {epikroton}; 〃beaten; hard…trodden ground。〃
  But   in   collecting   him;   the   rider   should   as   little   as   possible   sway   the
  horse obliquely with the bit; and as little as possible incline his own body;
  or; he may rest assured; a trifle will suffice to stretch him and his horse full
  length upon the ground。 The moment the horse has his eyes fixed on the
  straight course after making a turn; is the time to urge him to full speed。 In
  battle; obviously; these turns and wheelings are with a view to charging or
  retiring;   consequently;   to   practis