and　consciously　or　unconsciously；　therefore；　we　proceed　to　make　it　up。
  Of　this　pure　and　placid　invention；　a　good　example；　for　instance；
  can　be　found　in　a　recent　poem　of　Mr。　Rudyard　Kipling's。　Speaking　of
  the　English　people　and　the　South　African　War　Mr。　Kipling　says　that
  〃we　fawned　on　the　younger　nations　for　the　men　that　could　shoot　and　ride。〃
  Some　people　considered　this　sentence　insulting。　　All　that　I　am
  concerned　with　at　present　is　the　evident　fact　that　it　is　not　true。
  The　colonies　provided　very　useful　volunteer　troops；　but　they　did　not
  provide　the　best　troops；　nor　achieve　the　most　successful　exploits。
  The　best　work　in　the　war　on　the　English　side　was　done；
  as　might　have　been　expected；　by　the　best　English　regiments。
  The　men　who　could　shoot　and　ride　were　not　the　enthusiastic　corn
  merchants　from　Melbourne；　any　more　than　they　were　the　enthusiastic
  clerks　from　Cheapside。　　The　men　who　could　shoot　and　ride　were
  the　men　who　had　been　taught　to　shoot　and　ride　in　the　discipline
  of　the　standing　army　of　a　great　European　power。　　Of　course；
  the　colonials　are　as　brave　and　athletic　as　any　other　average　white　men。
  Of　course；　they　acquitted　themselves　with　reasonable　credit。
  All　I　have　here　to　indicate　is　that；　for　the　purposes　of　this　theory
  of　the　new　nation；　it　is　necessary　to　maintain　that　the　colonial
  forces　were　more　useful　or　more　heroic　than　the　gunners　at　Colenso
  or　the　Fighting　Fifth。　　And　of　this　contention　there　is　not；
  and　never　has　been；　one　stick　or　straw　of　evidence。
  A　similar　attempt　is　made；　and　with　even　less　success；　to　represent　the
  literature　of　the　colonies　as　something　fresh　and　vigorous　and　important。
  The　imperialist　magazines　are　constantly　springing　upon　us　some
  genius　from　Queensland　or　Canada；　through　whom　we　are　expected
  to　smell　the　odours　of　the　bush　or　the　prairie。　　As　a　matter　of　fact；
  any　one　who　is　even　slightly　interested　in　literature　as　such　（and　I；
  for　one；　confess　that　I　am　only　slightly　interested　in　literature
  as　such）；　will　freely　admit　that　the　stories　of　these　geniuses　smell
  of　nothing　but　printer's　ink；　and　that　not　of　first…rate　quality。
  By　a　great　effort　of　Imperial　imagination　the　generous
  English　people　reads　into　these　works　a　force　and　a　novelty。
  But　the　force　and　the　novelty　are　not　in　the　new　writers；
  the　force　and　the　novelty　are　in　the　ancient　heart　of　the　English。
  Anybody　who　studies　them　impartially　will　know　that　the　first…rate
  writers　of　the　colonies　are　not　even　particularly　novel　in　their
  note　and　atmosphere；　are　not　only　not　producing　a　new　kind
  of　good　literature；　but　are　not　even　in　any　particular　sense
  producing　a　new　kind　of　bad　literature。　　The　first…rate　writers
  of　the　new　countries　are　really　almost　exactly　like　the　second…rate
  writers　of　the　old　countries。　　Of　course　they　do　feel　the　mystery
  of　the　wilderness；　the　mystery　of　the　bush；　for　all　simple　and　honest
  men　feel　this　in　Melbourne；　or　Margate；　or　South　St。　Pancras。
  But　when　they　write　most　sincerely　and　most　successfully；　it　is　not
  with　a　background　of　the　mystery　of　the　bush；　but　with　a　background；
  expressed　or　assumed；　of　our　own　romantic　cockney　civilization。
  What　really　moves　their　souls　with　a　kindly　terror　is　not　the　mystery
  of　the　wilderness；　but　the　Mystery　of　a　Hansom　Cab。
  Of　course　there　are　some　exceptions　to　this　generalization。
  The　one　really　arresting　exception　is　Olive　Schreiner；　and　she
  is　quite　as　certainly　an　exception　that　proves　the　rule。
  Olive　Schreiner　is　a　fierce；　brilliant；　and　realistic　novelist；
  but　she　is　all　this　precisely　because　she　is　not　English　at　all。
  Her　tribal　kinship　is　with　the　country　of　Teniers　and　Maarten　Maartens
  that　is；　with　a　country　of　realists。　　Her　literary　kinship　is　with
  the　pessimistic　fiction　of　the　continent；　with　the　novelists　whose
  very　pity　is　cruel。　　Olive　Schreiner　is　the　one　English　colonial　who　is
  not　conventional；　for　the　simple　reason　that　South　Africa　is　the　one
  English　colony　which　is　not　English；　and　probably　never　will　be。
  And；　of　course；　there　are　individual　exceptions　in　a　minor　way。
  I　remember　in　particular　some　Australian　tales　by　Mr。　McIlwain
  which　were　really　able　and　effective；　and　which；　for　that　reason；
  I　suppose；　are　not　presented　to　the　public　with　blasts　of　a　trumpet。
  But　my　general　contention　if　put　before　any　one　with　a　love
  of　letters；　will　not　be　disputed　if　it　is　understood。　　It　is　not
  the　truth　that　the　colonial　civilization　as　a　whole　is　giving　us；
  or　shows　any　signs　of　giving　us；　a　literature　which　will　startle
  and　renovate　our　own。　　It　may　be　a　very　good　thing　for　us　to　have
  an　affectionate　illusion　in　the　matter；　that　is　quite　another　affair。
  The　colonies　may　have　given　England　a　new　emotion；　I　only　say
  that　they　have　not　given　the　world　a　new　book。
  Touching　these　English　colonies；　I　do　not　wish　to　be　misunderstood。
  I　do　not　say　of　them　or　of　America　that　they　have　not　a　future；
  or　that　they　will　not　be　great　nations。　　I　merely　deny　the　whole
  established　modern　expression　about　them。　　I　deny　that　they　are　〃destined〃
  to　a　future。　　I　deny　that　they　are　〃destined〃　to　be　great　nations。
  I　deny　（of　course）　that　any　human　thing　is　destined　to　be　anything。
  All　the　absurd　physical　metaphors；　such　as　youth　and　age；
  living　and　dying；　are；　when　applied　to　nations；　but　pseudo…scientific
  attempts　to　conceal　from　men　the　awful　liberty　of　their　lonely　souls。
  In　the　case　of　America；　indeed；　a　warning　to　this　effect　is　instant
  and　essential。　　America；　of　course；　like　every　other　human　thing；
  can　in　spiritual　sense　live　or　die　as　much　as　it　chooses。
  But　at　the　present　moment　the　matter　which　America　has　very　seriously
  to　consider　is　not　how　near　it　is　to　its　birth　and　beginning；
  but　how　near　it　may　be　to　its　end。　　It　is　only　a　verbal　question
  whether　the　American　civilization　is　young；　it　may　become
  a　very　practical　and　urgent　question　whether　it　is　dying。
  When　once　we　have　cast　aside；　as　we　inevitably　have　after　a
  moment's　thought；　the　fanciful　physical　metaphor　involved　in　the　word
  〃youth；〃　what　serious　evidence　have　we　that　America　is　a　fresh
  force　and　not　a　stale　one？　　It　has　a　great　many　people；　like　China；
  it　has　a　great　deal　of　money；　like　defeated　Carthage　or　dying　Venice。
  It　is　full　of　bustle　and　excitability；　like　Athens　after　its　ruin；
  and　all　the　Greek　cities　in　their　decline。　　It　is　fond　of　new　things；
  but　the　old　are　always　fond　of　new　things。　　Young　men　read　chronicles；
  but　old　men　read　newspapers。　　It　admires　strength　and　good　looks；
  it　admires　a　big　and　barbaric　beauty　in　its　women；　for　instance；
  but　so　did　Rome　when　the　Goth　was　at　the　gates。　　All　these　are
  things　quite　compatible　with　fundamental　tedium　and　decay。
  There　are　three　main　shapes　or　symbols　in　which　a　nation　can　show
  itself　essentially　glad　and　greatby　the　heroic　in　government；
  by　the　heroic　in　arms；　and　by　the　heroic　in　art。　　Beyond　government；
  which　is；　as　it　were；　the　very　shape　and　body　of　a　nation；
  the　most　significant　thing　about　any　citizen　is　his　artistic
  attitude　towards　a　holiday　and　his　moral　attitude　towards　a　fight
  that　is；　his　way　of　accepting　life　and　his　way　of　accepting　death。
  Subjected　to　these　eternal　tests；　America　does　not　appear　by　any　means
  as　particularly　fresh　or　untouched。　　She　appears　with　all　the　weakness
  and　weariness　of　modern　England　or　of　any　other　Western　power。
  In　her　politics　she　has　broken　up　exactly　as　England　has　broken　up；
  into　a　bewildering　opportunism　and　insincerity。　　In　the　matter　of　war
  and　the　national　attitude　towards　war；　her　resemblance　to　England
  is　even　more　manifest　and　melancholy。　　It　may　be　said　with　rough
  accuracy　that　there　are　three　stages　in　the　life　of　a　strong　people。
  First；　it　is　a　small　power；　and　fights　small　powers。　　Then　it　is
  a　great　power；　and　fights　great　powers。　　Then　it　is　a　great　power；
  and　fights　small　powers；　but　pretends　that　they　are　great　powers；
  in　order　to　rekindle　the　ashes　of　its　ancient　emotion　and　vanity。
  After　that；　the　next　step　is　to　become　a　small　power　itself。
  England　exhibited　this　symptom　of　decadence　very　badly　in　the　war　with
  the　Transvaal；　but　America　exhibited　it　worse　in　the　war　with　Spain。
  There　was　exhibited　more　sharply　and　absurdly　than　anywhere
  else　the　ironic　contrast　between　the　very　careless　choice
  of　a　strong　line　and　the　very　careful　choice　of　a　weak　enemy。
  America　added　to　all　her　other　late　Roman　or　Byzantine　elements
  the　element　of　the　Caracallan　triumph