middle　teeth；　when　four　years　old　he　sheds　two　corner　and　the　last　of　his
  fore　teeth；　between　four　and　five　he　cuts　his　under　tusks；　and　when　five
  will　cut　his　upper　tusks；　and　have　a　mouth　full　and　complete；　and　the
  teeth　will　have　hollows　of　a　very　dark　brown　colour。　At　six　years　old　the
  grooves　and　hollows　in　a　horse's　mouth　will　begin　to　fill　up　a　little　and
  their　tusks　have　their　full　growth；　with　their　points　sharp；　and　a　little
  concave。　At　seven　years　old　the　grooves　and　hollows　will　be　pretty　well
  filled　below。　At　eight　the　whole　of　the　hollows　and　groves　are　filled　up；
  and　you　see　the　appearance　of　what　is　termed　smooth　below。　At　nine　years
  old；　the　point　of　the　tusk　is　worn　off；　and　the　part　that　was　concave
  begins　to　fill　up　and　become　rounded。　Between　nine　and　ten　years　of　age　a
  horse　generally　looses　the　marks　of　the　mouth。　After　nine　years　old　a
  wrinkle　comes　on　the　eyelid　at　the　upper　corner　of　the　lower　lid；　and
  every　year　thereafter　he　has　one　well　defined　wrinkle　for　each　year　over
  nine。　If；　for　instance；　a　horse　has　three　wrinkles；　he　is　twelve；　if　four；
  he　is　thirteen；　&c。
  329。　HEAD；　NECK　OR　LUNGS
  How　to　tell　by　looking　at　a　horse　whether　there　is　any　thing　the　matter
  with　his　head；　neck　or　lungs。　A　knowledge　of　this　is　as　useful　as　it　is
  simple。　If　there　is　nothing　the　matter　with　the　head；　neck　or　lungs　of　a
  horse；　the　nostrils　will　have　a　clean；　healthy；　and　bright　appearance；　but
  if　there　is；　they　have　always　a　dirty；　muddy；　or　in　some　way　an　unhealthy
  appearance。
  330。　PROF。　MANDIE'S　HORSE　TAMING
  Take　finely　grated　horse　caster；　or　the　warty　excrescence　from　the　horse's
  leg；　oils　of　rhodium；　and　cumin；　keep　these　in　separate　bottles　well
  corked；　put　some　of　the　oil　of　cumin　on　your　hand　and　approach　the　horse
  on　the　windy　side　that　he　may　smell　it；　he　will　then　move　towards　you；
  then　rub　some　of　the　cumin　on　his　nose；　give　him　a　little　of　the　castor　on
  sugar；　salt；　or　any　thing　he　likes；　and　get　8　or　10　drops　of　the　oil　of
  rhodium　on　the　point　of　his　tongue；　you　can　then　get　him　to　do　any　thing
  you　please。　Follow　up　your　advantage　by　all　the　kindness　and　attention
  possible　towards　the　animal；　and　your　control　is　certain。　This　is　only　fit
  for　nervous　horses；　but　the　railroad　system　is　certain。　In　all　kinds　of
  ugly　horses　it　is　the　best　of　methods。
  331。　BOTTS　IN　HORSES
  This　may　be　relied　on　as　a　certain　and　safe　remedy　for　botts　in　horses。
  When　the　horse　is　attacked；　pound　some　common　glass　very　fine；　sift　it
  through　a　fine　piece　of　muslin；　take　a　tablespoonful；　put　it　inside　a　ball
  of　dough；　（not　mixed　with　the　dough；）　then　put　it　down　the　horse's　throat；
  and　in　from　two　to　five　minutes　the　horse　will　get　up　and　feel　and　will　be
  well。　The　moment　the　glass　touches　the　botts　though　they　may　have　eaten
  their　way　into　the　coats　of　the　stomach；　so　that　but　a　small　portion　is
  exposed；　they　will　let　go　their　hold；　will　pucker　up　and　be　driven　off　by
  the　bowels。　This　remedy　is　perfectly　safe；　and　is　the　only　certain　cure
  for　botts　under　the　sun。　Try　it。
  332。　RING　BONE　AND　SPAVIN
  Take　of　sweet　oil；　4　oz。；　spirits　of　turpentine；　2　ozs。；　oil　if　stone；　1/2
  oz。　Mix　and　apply　three　times　a　day。　If　the　horse　is　over　four　years　old；
  or　in　any　case　where　there　is　not　sufficient；　in　addition　to　it；　you　will
  fit　a　bar　of　lead　just　above　it；　wiring　the　ends　together；　so　it
  constantly　wears　upon　the　enlargement；　and　the　two　together；　will　cure
  nine　cases　out　of　every　ten　in　six　weeks。
  333。　POLL　EVIL　AND　FISTULA
  Take　1　lb。　common　potash　dissolved　in　1/2　pint　of　water。　Add　1/2　oz。
  extract　of　belladona　and　1　oz。　gum…arabic　dissolved　in　a　little　water；
  work　all　into　a　paste　with　wheat　flour；　and　box　or　bottle　up　tight。　In
  applying　this；　the　place　should　be　well　cleansed　with　soap…suds；　（castile
  soap　is　best）　then　tallow　should　be　applied　all　around　by　the　paste
  dissolving　and　running　over　it。　Now　this　paste　must　be　pressed　to　the
  bottom　of　all　the　orifices；　if　very　deep　it　must　be　made　sufficiently　thin
  to　inject　by　means　of　a　small　syringe；　and　repeated　once　in　two　days；
  until　the　callous　pipes；　and　hard　fibrous　base　around　the　poll　evil；　or
  fistula；　is　completely　destroyed。　Sometimes　one　application　has　cured
  cases　of　this　kind；　but　it　will　generally　require　two　or　three。　If　the
  horse　cannot　be　kept　up；　you　will　put　a　piece　of　oiled　cloth　over　the
  place。　The　advantage　of　this　caustic　over　all　others　is　that　less　pain　and
  inflammation　is　induced。　The　sores　may　be　cured　by　the　following　or
  Sloan's　ointment：　ceder　oil　is　to　be　applied　to　the　tendons；　to　prevent
  them　stiffening；　in　pole　evil；　or　other　cases。
  334。　DeGRAY；　OR　SLOAN'S　HORSE　OINTMENT
  Take　of　rosin　4　oz。；　lard　8　oz。；　honey　2　oz。；　mix　and　melt　slowly；　gently
  bring　it　to　a　boil；　and　as　it　begins　to　boil　slowly；　add　a　little　less
  than　a　pint　of　spirits　of　turpentine；　stirring　all　the　time　it　is　being
  added；　then　remove　from　the　stove；　and　stir　till　cool。　This　is　an
  extraordinary　ointment　for　bruses　in　flesh　or　hoof；　broken　knees；　galled
  backs；　bites；　cracked　heels；　&c。　or　when　a　hoirse　is　gelded；　to　heal　and
  keep　away　flies。
  335。　NERVE　AND　BONE　LINIMENT
  Take　of　beef's　gall　1　quart；　alcohol　1　pint；　volatile　liniment　1　lb。；
  spirits　of　turpentine　1　lb。；　oil　of　origanum　4　oz。；　aqua　ammonia　4　oz。；
  tincture　of　cayenne　1/2　pint；　oil　of　amber　3　oz。；　tincture　of　spanish　fly
  6　oz。；　mix　and　shake　well。　Uses　too　well　known　to　need　description。
  336。　TO　CURE　FOUNDERS　IN　24　HOURS
  Boil　or　steam　oat　straw　for　half　an　hour；　then　wrap　it　round　the　horses
  legs　while　quite　hot；　cover　up　with　wet　woollen　rags　to　keep　in　the　steam：
  in　six　hours　renew　the　application。　Take　1　gallon　of　blood　from　the　neck
  vein；　and　give　a　quart　of　linseed　oil。　He　may　be　worked　next　day。
  337。　TO　CURE　COLIC　IN　TEN　MINUTES
  Bleed　freely　at　the　horse's　mouth；　and　take　1　oz。　of　oil　of　juniper；　1　oz。
  of　laudanum；　and　2　ozs。　of　sweet　spirits　of　nitre。　Mix　in　a　pint　of　gruel；
  and　drench　him　with　it。
  338。　GARGLING　OIL
  Take　of　tanner's　oil　1　quart；　oil　of　vitriol　2　oz。；　spirits　of　turpentine
  1　oz。　Mix　all　together；　leave　the　bottles　open　till　it　stops　working；　then
  it　is　ready　for　use。
  339。　MERCHANT'S　GARGLING　OIL
  Take　of　linseed　oil　2　1/2　galls。；　spirits　of　turpentine　2　1/2　galls。；
  western　petroleum　1　gall。；　liquor　potass　8　oz。；　sap　green　1　oz。；　mix　all
  together；　and　it　is　ready　for　use。
  340。　PURGING　BALLS
  Take　of　aloes；　3　oz。；　anise　seed；　3　oz。；　pulverise　and　mix　with　castile
  soap。　This　makes　one　ball　for　a　horse。
  341。　URINE　BALLS
  Take　of　white　resin；　1/2　lb。；　castile　soap；　1/2　lb。；　venice　turpentine；
  1/2　pint；　mix　well　together；　make　the　balls　the　size　of　butternuts。　Give
  the　horse　three　the　first　day；　two　the　second　day；　and　one　the　third　day。
  342。　FOR　THE　HEAVES
  Give　the　horse　1/2　drachm　of　nitric　acid；　in　a　pint　of　sweet　milk。　Repeat
  once　in　two　days；　once　in　three　days；　and　once　in　four　days。　This　receipt
  is　highly　prized；　and　is　good；　but　the　best　remedy　for　heaves　is　so　simple
  that　scarcely　any　one　will　try　it；　it　is　to　take　fresh　sumack　tops；　break
  two　or　three　bunches　of　them　up　in　the　horse's　feed；　three　times　a　day。
  This　will　actually　cure　the　heaves　unless；　they　are　very　bad。
  343　INFLAMMATION　OF　THE　LUNGS
  The　symptoms　of　inflammation　of　the　lungs　in　the　horse　is　as　follows：　…　it
  is　usually　ushered　in　by　a　shivering　fit；　the　horse　is　cold　all　over；
  reaction　soon　takes　place；　the　body　becomes　warmer；　and　the　extremities
  extremely　cold。　The　breathing　is　quick；　he　refuses　to　lie　down。　If　when
  wearied　out；　he　lies　down；　it　is　but　for　a　moment。
  Treatment　…　This　may　be　commenced　by　a　good　bleeding；　which　is　to　be
  followed　by　a　drachm　of　emetic　tartar；　and　three　drachms　of　nitre；　every
  eight　hours；　rubbing　the　extremities；　and　giving　bran…mashes；　throw　warm
  blankets　over　the　animal；　hanging　down　to　the　floor；　and　place　vessels　of
  hot　water　in　which　put　hot　stones　or　bricks；　and　sweat　freely；　also；　give
  one　scruple　of　opium；　and　two　of　calomel；　twice　a　day。　The　sides　of　the
  chest　may　be　thoroughly　blistered。　This　is　the　proper　treatment。
  344。　STOMACH　AND　BOWELS
  Inflammation　of　the　stomach　and　bowels　in　the　horse；　resembles　colic　in
  its　symptoms；　except　in　colic　the　pains　pass　off　at　times；　and　return
  again；　whereas　in　inflammation；　the　pain　is　constant；　and　the　animal　is
  never　easy；　after　a　time　the　eye　acquires　a　wild　haggard；　unnatural　stare；
  and　the　pupil；　or　dark　spot　in　the　eye；　dilates。
  Treatment　…　Take　away；　at　once；　six　or　eight　quarts　of　blood；　and　repeat
  the　bleeding　if　the　pain　returns。　Follow　the　bleeding　by　one　scruple　of
  opium；　and　two　of　calomel；　twice　a　day；　also　blister　the　sides　of　the
  chest；　give　him　bran　mash　and