frequently　seen　a　little　sharp…faced　miss　rule　a　whole　family；　excepting　that　now　and　then　mamma's　anger　will　burst　out　of　some　accidental　cloud　either　her　hair　was　ill…dressed；*　or　she　had　lost　more　money　at　cards；　the　night　before；　than　she　was　willing　to　own　to　her　husband；　or　some　such　moral　cause　of　anger。　（*Footnote。　　I　myself　heard　a　little　girl　once　say　to　a　servant；　〃My　mamma　has　been　scolding　me　finely　this　morning；　because　her　hair　was　not　dressed　to　please　her。〃　　Though　this　remark　was　pert；　it　was　just。　　And　what　respect　could　a　girl　acquire　for　such　a　parent；　without　doing　violence　to　reason？）　After　observing　sallies　of　this　kind；　I　have　been　led　into　a　melancholy　train　of　reflection　respecting　females；　concluding　that　when　their　first　affection　must　lead　them　astray；　or　make　their　duties　clash　till　they　rest　on　mere　whims　and　customs；　little　can　be　expected　from　them　as　they　advance　in　life。　　How；　indeed；　can　an　instructor　remedy　this　evil？　for　to　teach　them　virtue　on　any　solid　principle　is　to　teach　them　to　despise　their　parents。　　Children　cannot；　ought　not　to　be　taught　to　make　allowance　for　the　faults　of　their　parents；　because　every　such　allowance　weakens　the　force　of　reason　in　their　minds；　and　makes　them　still　more　indulgent　to　their　own。　　It　is　one　of　the　most　sublime　virtues　of　maturity　that　leads　us　to　be　severe　with　respect　to　ourselves；　and　forbearing　to　others；　but　children　should　only　be　taught　the　simple　virtues；　for　if　they　begin　too　early　to　make　allowance　for　human　passions　and　manners；　they　wear　off　the　fine　edge　of　the　criterion　by　which　they　should　regulate　their　own；　and　become　unjust　in　the　same　proportion　as　they　grow　indulgent。　The　affections　of　children；　and　weak　people；　are　always　selfish；　they　love　others；　because　others　love　them；　and　not　on　account　of　their　virtues。　　Yet；　till　esteem　and　love　are　blended　together　in　the　first　affection；　and　reason　made　the　foundation　of　the　first　duty；　morality　will　stumble　at　the　threshold。　　But；　till　society　is　very　differently　constituted；　parents；　I　fear；　will　still　insist　on　being　obeyed；　because　they　will　be　obeyed；　and　constantly　endeavour　to　settle　that　power　on　a　Divine　right；　which　will　not　bear　the　investigation　of　reason。
  CHAPTER　12。　ON　NATIONAL　EDUCATION。　The　good　effects　resulting　from　attention　to　private　education　will　ever　be　very　confined；　and　the　parent　who　really　puts　his　own　hand　to　the　plow；　will　always；　in　some　degree　be　disappointed；　till　education　becomes　a　grand　national　concern。　　A　man　cannot　retire　into　a　desert　with　his　child；　and　if　he　did；　he　could　not　bring　himself　back　to　childhood；　and　become　the　proper　friend　and　play…fellow　of　an　infant　or　youth。　　And　when　children　are　confined　to　the　society　of　men　and　women；　they　very　soon　acquire　that　kind　of　premature　manhood　which　stops　the　growth　of　every　vigorous　power　of　mind　or　body。　　In　order　to　open　their　faculties　they　should　be　excited　to　think　for　themselves；　and　this　can　only　be　done　by　mixing　a　number　of　children　together；　and　making　them　jointly　pursue　the　same　objects。　A　child　very　soon　contracts　a　benumbing　indolence　of　mind；　which　he　has　seldom　sufficient　vigour　to　shake　off；　when　he　only　asks　a　question　instead　of　seeking　for　information；　and　then　relies　implicitly　on　the　answer　he　receives。　　With　his　equals　in　age　this　could　never　be　the　case；　and　the　subjects　of　inquiry；　though　they　might　be　influenced；　would　not　be　entirely　under　the　direction　of　men；　who　frequently　damp；　if　not　destroy　abilities；　by　bringing　them　forward　too　hastily：　　and　too　hastily　they　will　infallibly　be　brought　forward；　if　the　child　could　be　confined　to　the　society　of　a　man；　however　sagacious　that　man　may　be。　Besides；　in　youth　the　seeds　of　every　affection　should　be　sown；　and　the　respectful　regard；　which　is　felt　for　a　parent；　is　very　different　from　the　social　affections　that　are　to　constitute　the　happiness　of　life　as　it　advances。　　Of　these；　equality　is　the　basis；　and　an　intercourse　of　sentiments　unclogged　by　that　observant　seriousness　which　prevents　disputation；　though　it　may　not　inforce　submission。　　Let　a　child　have　ever　such　an　affection　for　his　parent；　he　will　always　languish　to　play　and　chat　with　children；　and　the　very　respect　he　entertains；　for　filial　esteem　always　has　a　dash　of　fear　mixed　with　it；　will；　if　it　do　not　teach　him　cunning；　at　least　prevent　him　from　pouring　out　the　little　secrets　which　first　open　the　heart　to　friendship　and　confidence；　gradually　leading　to　more　expansive　benevolence。　　Added　to　this；　he　will　never　acquire　that　frank　ingenuousness　of　behaviour；　which　young　people　can　only　attain　by　being　frequently　in　society；　where　they　dare　to　speak　what　they　think；　neither　afraid　of　being　reproved　for　their　presumption；　nor　laughed　at　for　their　folly。　Forcibly　impressed　by　the　reflections　which　the　sight　of　schools；　as　they　are　at　present　conducted；　naturally　suggested；　I　have　formerly　delivered　my　opinion　rather　warmly　in　favour　of　a　private　education；　but　further　experience　has　led　me　to　view　the　subject　in　a　different　light。　　I　still；　however；　think　schools；　as　they　are　now　regulated；　the　hot…beds　of　vice　and　folly；　and　the　knowledge　of　human　nature；　supposed　to　be　attained　there；　merely　cunning　selfishness。　At　school；　boys　become　gluttons　and　slovens；　and；　instead　of　cultivating　domestic　affections；　very　early　rush　into　the　libertinism　which　destroys　the　constitution　before　it　is　formed；　hardening　the　heart　as　it　weakens　the　understanding。　I　should；　in　fact；　be　averse　to　boarding…schools；　if　it　were　for　no　other　reason　than　the　unsettled　state　of　mind　which　the　expectation　of　the　vacations　produce。　　On　these　the　children's　thoughts　are　fixed　with　eager　anticipating　hopes；　for；　at　least；　to　speak　with　moderation；　half　of　the　time；　and　when　they　arrive　they　are　spent　in　total　dissipation　and　beastly　indulgence。　But；　on　the　contrary；　when　they　are　brought　up　at　home；　though　they　may　pursue　a　plan　of　study　in　a　more　orderly　manner　than　can　be　adopted；　when　near　a　fourth　part　of　the　year　is　actually　spent　in　idleness；　and　as　much　more　in　regret　and　anticipation；　yet　they　there　acquire　too　high　an　opinion　of　their　own　importance；　from　being　allowed　to　tyrannize　over　servants；　and　from　the　anxiety　expressed　by　most　mothers；　on　the　score　of　manners；　who；　eager　to　teach　the　accomplishments　of　a　gentleman；　stifle；　in　their　birth；　the　virtues　of　a　man。　　Thus　brought　into　company　when　they　ought　to　be　seriously　employed；　and　treated　like　men　when　they　are　still　boys；　they　become　vain　and　effeminate。　The　only　way　to　avoid　two　extremes　equally　injurious　to　morality；　would　be　to　contrive　some　way　of　combining　a　public　and　private　education。　　Thus　to　make　men　citizens；　two　natural　steps　might　be　taken；　which　seem　directly　to　lead　to　the　desired　point；　for　the　domestic　affections；　that　first　open　the　heart　to　the　various　modifications　of　humanity　would　be　cultivated；　whilst　the　children　were　nevertheless　allowed　to　spend　great　part　of　their　time；　on　terms　of　equality；　with　other　children。　I　still　recollect；　with　pleasure；　the　country　day　school；　where　a　boy　trudged　in　the　morning；　wet　or　dry；　carrying　his　books；　and　his　dinner；　if　it　were　at　a　considerable　distance；　a　servant　did　not　then　lead　master　by　the　hand；　for；　when　he　had　once　put　on　coat　and　breeches；　he　was　allowed　to　shift　for　himself；　and　return　alone　in　the　evening　to　recount　the　feats　of　the　day　close　at　the　parental　knee。　　His　father's　house　was　his　home；　and　was　ever　after　fondly　remembered；　nay；　I　appeal　to　some　superior　men　who　were　educated　in　this　manner；　whether　the　recollection　of　some　shady　lane　where　they　conned　their　lesson；　or；　of　some　stile；　where　they　sat　making　a　kite；　or　mending　a　bat；　has　not　endeared　their　country　to　them？　But；　what　boy　ever　recollected　with　pleasure　the　years　he　spent　in　close　confinement；　at　an　academy　near　London？　unless　indeed　he　should　by　chance　remember　the　poor　scare…crow　of　an　usher　whom　he　tormented；　or；　the　tartman；　from　whom　he　caught　a　cake；　to　devour　it　with　the　cattish　appetite　of　selfishness。　　At　boarding　schools　of　every　description；　the　relaxation　of　the　junior　boys　is　mischief；　and　of　the　senior；　vice。　　Besides；　in　great　schools　what　can　be　more　prejudicial　to　the　moral　character；　than　the　system　of　tyranny　and　abject　slavery　which　is　established　amongst　the　boys；　to　say　nothing　of　the　slavery　to　forms；　which　makes　religion　worse　than　a　farce？　　For　what　good　can　be　expected　from　the　youth　who　receives　the　sacrament　of　the　Lord's　supper；　to　avoid　forfeiting　half…a…guinea；　which　he　probably　afterwards　spends　in　some　sensual　manner？　　Half　the　employment　of　the　youths　is　to　elude　the　necessity　of　attending　public　worship；　and　well　they　may；　for　such　a　constant　repetition　of　the　same　thing　must　be　a　very　irksome　restraint　on　their　natural　vivacity。　　As　these　ceremonies　have　the　most　fatal　effect　on　their　morals；　and　as　a　ritual　performed　by　the　lips；　when　the　heart　and　mind　are　far　away；　is　not　now　stored　up　by　our　church　as　a　bank　to　draw　on　for　the　fees　of　the　poor　souls　in　purgatory；　why　should　they　not　be　abolished？　But　the　fear　of　innovation；　in　this　country；　extends　to　every　thing。　　This　is　only　a　covert　fear；　the　apprehensive　timidity　of　indolent　slugs；　who　guard；　by　sliming　i