第 48 节
作者:嘟嘟      更新:2021-02-20 05:57      字数:9321
  you wonderful things about them。How some of them have mouths full of
  strong teeth; like these porpoises; and others; like the great sperm whale in
  the South Sea; have huge teeth in their lower jaws; and in the upper only
  holes into which those teeth fit; others like the bottle…nose; only two teeth
  or so in the lower jaw; and others; like the narwhal; two straight tusks in
  the upper jaw; only one of which grows; and is what you call a narwhal's
  horn。
  Oh yes。     I know of a walking…stick made of one。
  And strangest of all; how the right…whales have a few little teeth when
  they   are   born;   which   never   come   through   the   gums;   but;   instead;   they
  grow   all   along   their   gums;   an   enormous   curtain   of   clotted   hair;   which
  serves as a net to keep in the tiny sea… animals on which they feed; and let
  the water strain out。
  You mean whalebone?           Is whalebone hair?
  So it seems。      And so is a rhinoceros's horn。          A rhinoceros used to be
  hairy all over in old times:         but now he carries all his hair on the end of
  his nose; except a few bristles on his tail。          And the right…whale; not to be
  done in oddity; carries all his on his gums。
  But have no whales any hair?
  No   real   whales:    but   the   Manati;   which   is   very  nearly  a   whale;   has
  long   bristly  hair   left。  Don't   you   remember  M。's   letter   about   the  one  he
  saw at Rio Janeiro?
  This is all very funny:       but what is the use of knowing so much about
  things' teeth and hair?
  What is the use of learning Latin and Greek; and a dozen things more
  which you have to learn?            You don't know yet:         but wiser people than
  you tell you that they will be of use some day。             And I can tell you; that if
  you   would   only  study  that   gar…fish   long   enough;   and   compare   him  with
  another fish something like him; who has a long beak to his lower jaw; and
  none   to   his   upperand   how   he   eats   I   cannot   guess;and   both   of   them
  again with certain fishes like them; which M。 Agassiz has found lately; not
  in the sea; but in the river Amazon; and then think carefully enough over
  163
  … Page 164…
  MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY
  their bones and teeth; and their history from the   time they are   hatched
  why; you would find out; I believe; a story about the river Amazon itself;
  more wonderful than all the fairy tales you ever read。
  Now there   is luncheon  ready。        Come down below; and   don't   tumble
  down the companion…stairs; and by the time   you have eaten your dinner
  we shall be very near the shore。
  * * *
  So?    Here is my little man on deck; after a good night's rest。 And he
  has not been the least sick; I hear。
  Not a bit:     but the cabin was so stuffy and hot; I asked leave to come
  on deck。     What a huge steamer!         But I do not like it as well as the yacht。
  It smells of oil and steam; and …
  And pigs and bullocks too; I am sorry to say。           Don't go forward above
  them; but stay here with me; and look round。
  Where are we now?           What are those high hills; far away to the left;
  above the lowlands and woods?
  Those are the shore of the Old Worldthe Welsh mountains。
  And in front of us I can see nothing but flat land。          Where is that?
  That is the mouth of the Severn and Avon; where we shall be in half an
  hour more。
  And there; on the right; over the low hills; I can see higher ones; blue
  and hazy。
  Those are  an   island of   the  Old World;  called  now  the  Mendip   Hills;
  and we are steaming along the great strait between the Mendips and the
  Welsh mountains; which once was coral reef; and is now the Severn sea;
  and by the time you have eaten your breakfast we shall steam in through a
  crack   in   that   coral…reef;   and   you   will   see   what   you   missed   seeing   when
  you went to Ireland; because you went on board at night。
  * * *
  Oh!    Where have we got to now?           Where is the wide Severn Sea?
  Two or three miles beyond us; and here we are in narrow little Avon。
  Narrow indeed。        I wonder that the steamer does not run against those
  rocks。    But how beautiful they are; and how the trees hang down over the
  water; and are all reflected in it!
  164
  … Page 165…
  MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY
  Yes。    The gorge of the Avon is always lovely。              I saw it first when I
  was a little boy like you; and I have seen it many a time since; in sunshine
  and    in  storm;   and   thought    it  more   lovely   every    time。  Look!    there   is
  something curious。
  What?      Those great rusty rings fixed into the rock?
  Yes。    Those may be as old; for aught I know; as Queen Elizabeth's or
  James's reign。
  But why were they put there?
  For ships to hold on by; if they lost the tide。
  What do you mean?
  It  is  high   tide  now。    That    is  why    the  water   is  almost    up  to  the
  branches of   the trees。      But   when   the   tide   turns;  it   will   all   rush out  in   a
  torrent which would sweep ships out to sea again; if they had not steam; as
  we   have;   to   help   them   up   against   the   stream。 So   sailing   ships;   in   old
  times; fastened themselves to those rings; and rode against the stream till
  the tide turned; and carried them up to Bristol。
  But what is the tide?        And why does it go up and down?               And why
  does it alter with the moon; as I heard you all saying so often in Ireland?
  That is a long story; which I must tell you something about some other
  time。    Now I want you to look at something else:               and that is; the rocks
  themselves;   in   which   the   rings   are。  They  are   very  curious   in   my  eyes;
  and very valuable; for they taught me a lesson in geology when I was quite
  a boy:     and I want them to teach it to you now。
  What is there curious in them?
  This。    You will soon see for yourself; even from the steamer's deck;
  that they are not the same rock as the high limestone hills above。                   They
  are made up of red sand and pebbles; and they are a whole world younger;
  indeed some say two worlds younger; than the limestone hills above; and
  lie upon the top of the limestone。         Now you may see what I meant when I
  said   that   the   newer   rocks;   though   they   lie   on   the   top   of   the   older;   were
  often lower down than they are。
  But how do you know that they lie on the limestone?
  Look into that corner of the river; as we turn round; and you will see
  with your own eyes。         There are the sandstones; lying flat on the turned…up
  165
  … Page 166…
  MADAM HOW AND LADY WHY
  edges of another rock。
  Yes; I see。    The layers of it are almost upright。
  Then   that   upright   rock   underneath   is   part   of   the  great   limestone   hill
  above。     So the hill   must have been   raised out   of the sea;  ages ago;  and
  eaten back by the waves; and then the sand and pebbles made a beach at
  its   foot;   and   hardened   into   stone;   and   there   it   is。 And   when   you   get
  through the limestone hills to Bristol; you will see more of these same red
  sandstone   rocks;   spread   about   at   the   foot   of   the   limestone…hills;   on   the
  other side。
  But why is the sandstone two worlds newer than the limestone?
  Because between that sandstone and that limestone come hundreds of
  feet   of   rock;   which   carry   in   them   all   the   coal   in   England。 Don't   you
  remember that I told you that once before?
  Oh yes。     But I see no coal between them there。
  No。    But   there   is   plenty   of   coal   between   them   over   in   Wales;   and
  plenty   too   between   them   on   the   other   side   of   Bristol。    What   you   are
  looking at there is just the lip of a great coal…box; where the bottom and
  the lid join。    The bottom is the mountain limestone; and the lid is the new
  red sandstone; or Trias; as they call it now:             but the coal you cannot see。
  It is stowed inside the box; miles away from here。                 But now; look at the
  cliffs and the downs; which (they tell me) are just like the downs in the
  Holy Land; and the woods and villas; high over your head。
  And what is that in the air?        A bridge?
  Yesthat is the famous Suspension Bridgeand a beautiful work of art
  it is。  Ay; stare at it; and wonder at it; little man; of course。