第 11 节
作者:嘟嘟      更新:2021-02-20 05:57      字数:9322
  more than 600 miles away from the volcano;a plain sign that there was
  something underground which joined them together; perhaps a long crack
  in the earth。     Look for yourselves at the places; and you will see that (as
  Humboldt says) it is as strange as if an eruption of Mount Vesuvius was
  heard in the north of France。
  So it seems as if these lines of volcanos stood along cracks in the rind
  of the earth; through which the melted stuff inside was for ever trying to
  force its   way;   and that;   as   the   crack got   stopped   up   in   one place  by  the
  melted stuff cooling and hardening again into stone; it was burst in another
  place; and a fresh volcano made; or an old one re…opened。
  Now   we   can   understand   why   earthquakes   should   be   most   common
  round   volcanos;   and   we   can   understand;   too;   why   they   would   be   worst
  before a volcano breaks   out; because then the steam is trying to   escape;
  and we can understand; too; why people who live near volcanos are glad
  to   see   them   blazing   and   spouting;   because   then   they  have   hope   that   the
  steam has found its way out; and will not make earthquakes any more for a
  while。     But still that is merely foolish speculation on chance。               Volcanos
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  can never be trusted。        No one knows when one will break out; or what it
  will do; and those who live close to themas the city of Naples is close to
  Mount      Vesuviusmust        not   be   astonished     if  they   are   blown     up   or
  swallowed up; as that great and beautiful city of Naples may be without a
  warning; any day。
  For   what   happened   to   that   same   Mount   Vesuvius   nearly   1800   years
  ago; in the old Roman times?            For ages and ages it had been lying quiet;
  like   any   other   hill。  Beautiful   cities   were   built   at   its   foot;   filled   with
  people who were as handsome; and as comfortable; and (I am afraid) as
  wicked;   as   people   ever   were   on   earth。    Fair   gardens;   vineyards;   olive…
  yards;    covered     the  mountain      slopes。    It   was   held   to   be  one    of  the
  Paradises of the world。         As for the mountain's being a burning mountain;
  who ever thought of that?           To be sure; on the top of it was a great round
  crater; or cup; a mile or more across; and a few hundred yards deep。                    But
  that was all overgrown with bushes and wild vines; full of boars and deer。
  What sign of fire was there in that?             To be sure; also; there was an ugly
  place   below   by   the   sea…shore;   called   the   Phlegraen   fields;   where   smoke
  and   brimstone   came   out   of   the   ground;   and   a   lake   called Avernus   over
  which poisonous gases hung; and which (old stories told) was one of the
  mouths of the Nether Pit。           But what of that?        It had never harmed any
  one; and how could it harm them?
  So they all lived on; merrily and happily enough; till; in the year A。D。
  79   (that   was   eight   years;   you   know;   after   the   Emperor   Titus   destroyed
  Jerusalem);   there   was   stationed   in   the   Bay   of   Naples   a   Roman   admiral;
  called Pliny; who was also a very studious and learned man; and author of
  a famous old book on natural history。              He was staying on shore with his
  sister; and as he sat in his study she called him out to see a strange cloud
  which had been hanging for some time over the top of Mount Vesuvius。
  It   was   in  shape    just  like  a  pine…tree;   not;   of  course;   like  one    of  our
  branching   Scotch   firs   here;   but   like   an   Italian   stone   pine;   with   a   long
  straight stem and a flat parasol…shaped top。              Sometimes it was blackish;
  sometimes spotted; and the good Admiral Pliny; who was always curious
  about natural science; ordered his cutter and went away across the bay to
  see what it could be。        Earthquake shocks had been very common for the
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  last   few   days;   but   I   do   not   suppose   that   Pliny   had   any   notion   that   the
  earthquakes and the cloud had aught to do with each other。                    However; he
  soon   found   out   that   they   had;   and   to   his   cost。 When   he   got   near   the
  opposite shore some of the sailors met him and entreated him to turn back。
  Cinders   and   pumice…stones   were   falling   down   from   the   sky;   and   flames
  breaking out of the mountain above。              But Pliny would go on: he said that
  if people were in danger; it was his duty to help them; and that he must see
  this   strange    cloud;   and    note   down    the   different   shapes    into   which    it
  changed。       But    the  hot   ashes   fell  faster  and   faster;   the  sea   ebbed    out
  suddenly; and left them nearly dry; and Pliny turned away to a place called
  Stabiae;  to   the   house   of his   friend   Pomponianus;   who   was   just   going   to
  escape in a boat。       Brave Pliny told him not to be afraid; ordered his bath
  like a true Roman   gentleman; and then went   into dinner with a cheerful
  face。    Flames   came   down   from   the   mountain;   nearer   and   nearer   as   the
  night drew on; but Pliny persuaded his friend that they were only fires in
  some villages from which the peasants had fled; and then went to bed and
  slept    soundly。     However;       in  the  middle     of  the   night   they   found    the
  courtyard being fast filled with cinders; and; if they had not woke up the
  Admiral in time; he would never have been able to get out of the house。
  The earthquake shocks grew stronger and fiercer; till the house was ready
  to fall; and Pliny and his friend; and the sailors and the slaves; all fled into
  the open fields; amid a shower of stones and cinders; tying pillows over
  their heads   to   prevent   their   being   beaten   down。      The   day  had   come   by
  this   time;   but   not   the   dawnfor   it   was   still   pitch   dark   as   night。 They
  went down to their boats upon the shore; but the sea raged so horribly that
  there was no getting on board of them。              Then Pliny grew tired; and made
  his men spread a sail for him; and lay down on it; but there came down
  upon them a rush of flames; and a horrible smell of sulphur; and all ran for
  their lives。     Some of the slaves tried to help the Admiral upon his legs;
  but   he   sank   down   again   overpowered   with   the   brimstone   fumes;   and   so
  was left behind。       When they came back again; there he lay dead; but with
  his clothes in order and his face as quiet as if he had been only sleeping。
  And that was the end of a brave and learned mana martyr to duty and to
  the love of science。
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  But   what   was   going   on   in   the   meantime?       Under   clouds   of   ashes;
  cinders;     mud;    lava;  three   of  those   happy   cities    were    buried   at  once
  Herculaneum; Pompeii; Stabiae。              They were buried just as the people had
  fled   from   them;   leaving   the   furniture   and   the   earthenware;   often   even
  jewels and gold; behind; and here and there among them a human being
  who had not had time to escape from the dreadful deluge of dust。                         The
  ruins   of   Herculaneum   and   Pompeii   have   been   dug   into   since;   and   the
  paintings;   especially   in     Pompeii;     are  found    upon    the  walls    still  fresh;
  preserved from the air by the ashes which have covered them in。                       When
  you     are  older   you   perhaps     will  go   to  Naples;    and   see   in  its  famous
  museum the curiosities which have been dug out of the ruined cities; and
  you will walk; I suppose; along the streets of Pompeii and see the wheel…
  tracks in the pavement; along which carts and chariots rumbled 2000 years
  ago。     Meanwhile; if you go nearer home; to the Crystal Palace and to the
  Pompeian   Court;   as   it   is   called;   you   will   see   an   exact   model   of   one   of
  these old   buried   houses;  copied   even   to the  very  paintings   on   the   wells;
  and judge for  yourself; as   far as   a little  boy can   judge; what   sort of life
  these thoughtless; luckless people lived 2000 years ago。
  And what had become of Vesuvius; the treacherous mountain?                         Half
  or more than half of the side of the old crater had been blown away; and
  what   was   left;   which   is   now   called   the   Monte   Somm