第 8 节
作者:嘟嘟      更新:2021-02-20 05:57      字数:9322
  slight;   set   the   bells   ringing   in   the   steeples;   or   make   the   furniture;   and
  things on shelves; jump about quaintly enough。                It will make trees bend
  to and fro; as if a wind was blowing through them; open doors suddenly;
  and shut them again with a slam; make the timbers of the floors and roofs
  creak; as they do in a ship at sea; or give men such frights as one of the
  dock…keepers       at  Liverpool     got   in  the  earthquake     in   1863;   when     his
  watchbox rocked so; that he thought some one was going to pitch him over
  into the dock。      But these are only little hints and warnings of what it can
  do。    When it is strong enough; it will rock down houses and churches into
  heaps   of   ruins;   or;   if   it   leaves   them   standing;   crack   them   from   top   to
  bottom; so that they must be pulled down and rebuilt。
  You   saw   those   pictures   of   the   ruins   of   Arica;   about   which   our   talk
  began; and from them you can guess well enough for yourself what a town
  looks like which has been ruined by an earthquake。                  Of the misery  and
  the horror which follow such a ruin I will not talk to you; nor darken your
  young spirit with sad thoughts which grown people must face; and ought
  to face。    But the strangeness of some of the tricks which the earthquake
  shocks play is hardly to be explained; even by scientific men。                Sometimes;
  it   would   seem;   the   force   runs   round;   making   the   solid   ground   eddy;   as
  water eddies in a brook。         For it will make straight rows of trees crooked;
  it will twist whole walls roundor rather the ground on which the walls
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  standwithout throwing them down; it will shift the stones of a pillar one
  on   the   other   sideways;   as   if   a   giant   had   been   trying   to   spin   it   like   a
  teetotum; and so screwed it half in pieces。              There is a story told by a wise
  man; who saw the place himself; of the whole furniture of one house being
  hurled away by an earthquake; and buried under the ruins of another house;
  and of things carried hundreds of yards off; so that the neighbours went to
  law   to   settle   who   was   the   true   owner   of   them。   Sometimes;   again;   the
  shock     seems     to  come    neither    horizontally     in  waves;    nor   circularly    in
  eddies; but vertically; that is; straight up from below; and then thingsand
  people; alas! sometimesare thrown up off the earth high into the air; just
  as things spring up off the table if you strike it smartly enough underneath。
  By that same law (for there is a law for every sort of motion) it is that the
  earthquake   shock   sometimes   hurls   great   rocks   off   a   cliff   into   the   valley
  below。      The shock runs through the mountain till it comes to the cliff at
  the end of it; and then the face of the cliff; if it be at all loose; flies off into
  the air。    You may see the very same thing happen; if you will put marbles
  or billiard…balls in   a row  touching   each other;  and strike the one nearest
  you smartly in the line of the row。            All the balls stand still; except the last
  one;   and   that   flies   off。  The   shock;   like   the   earthquake   shock;   has   run
  through them all; but only the end one; which had nothing beyond it but
  soft air; has been moved; and when you grow old; and learn mathematics;
  you   will   know   the   law   of   motion   according   to   which   that   happens;   and
  learn    to  apply   what     the  billiard…balls    have    taught   you;   to   explain    the
  wonders   of   an   earthquake。       For   in   this   case;   as   in   so   many   more;   you
  must watch Madam How at work on little and common things; to find out
  how she works in great and rare ones。               That is why Solomon says that 〃a
  fool's eyes are in the ends of the earth;〃 because he is always looking out
  for    strange    things   which     he   has   not   seen;   and    which     he  could    not
  understand if he saw; instead of looking at the petty commonplace matters
  which     are   about    his  feet   all  day   long;   and   getting    from    them    sound
  knowledge; and the art of getting more sound knowledge still。
  Another   terrible   destruction   which   the   earthquake   brings;   when   it   is
  close to the seaside; is the wash of a great sea wave; such as swept in last
  year upon the island of St。 Thomas; in the West Indies; such as swept in
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  upon the coast of Peru this year。          The sea moans; and sinks back; leaving
  the shore dry; and then comes in from the offing a mighty wall of water; as
  high   as;   or   higher   than;   many   a   tall   house;   sweeps   far   inland;   washing
  away   quays   and   houses;   and   carrying   great   ships   in   with   it;   and   then
  sweeps back   again;  leaving   the ships high and   dry; as   ships   were left   in
  Peru this year。
  Now; how is that wave made?             Let us think。     Perhaps in many ways。
  But two of them I will tell you as simply as I can; because they seem the
  most likely; and probably the most common。
  Suppose; as the earthquake shock ran on; making the earth under the
  sea heave and fall in long earth…waves; the sea…bottom sank down。                     Then
  the water on it would sink down too; and leave the shore dry; till the sea…
  bottom rose again; and hurled the water up again against the land。                 This is
  one   way   of   explaining   it;   and   it   may   be   true。 For   certain   it   is;   that
  earthquakes   do   move   the   bottom   of   the   sea;   and   certain;   too;   that   they
  move the water of the sea also; and with tremendous force。                   For ships at
  sea during an earthquake feel such a blow from it (though it does them no
  harm) that the sailors often rush upon deck fancying that they have struck
  upon a rock; and the force which could give a ship; floating in water; such
  a blow as that; would be strong enough to hurl thousands of tons of water
  up the beach; and on to the land。
  But there is another way of accounting for this great sea wave; which I
  fancy comes true sometimes。
  Suppose you put an empty india…rubber ball into water; and then blow
  into it through a pipe。       Of course; you know; as the ball filled; the upper
  side of it would rise out of the water。         Now; suppose there were a party of
  little ants moving about upon that ball; and fancying it a great island; or
  perhaps the whole world what would they think of the ball's filling and
  growing bigger?
  If they could see the sides of the basin or tub in which the ball was;
  and were sure that they did not move; then they would soon judge by them
  that they themselves were moving; and that the ball was rising out of the
  water。    But if the ants were so short… sighted that they could not see the
  sides   of   the   basin;   they   would   be   apt   to   make   a   mistake;   because   they
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  would then be like men on an island out of sight of any other land。                      Then
  it   would   be   impossible   further   to   tell   whether   they   were   moving   up;   or
  whether the water was moving down; whether their ball was rising out of
  the   water;   or   the   water   was   sinking   away   from   the   ball。     They   would
  probably say; 〃The water is sinking and leaving the ball dry。〃
  Do     you   understand      that?   Then      think   what    would    happen     if  you
  pricked a hole in the ball。         The air inside would come hissing out; and the
  ball would sink again into the water。              But the ants would probably fancy
  the very opposite。         Their little heads would be full of the notion that the
  ball was solid and could not move; just as our heads are full of the notion
  that the earth is solid and cannot move; and they would say; 〃Ah! here is
  the   water   rising   again。〃    Just   so;   I   believe;   when   the   sea   seems   to   ebb
  away during the earthquake; the land is really being raised out of the sea;
  hundreds   of   miles   of   coast;   perhaps;   or   a   whole   island;   at   once;   by   the
  force   of   the   steam   and   gas    imprisoned   under   the   ground。   That         steam
  stretches and strains the solid rocks below; till they can bear no more; and
  snap;   and     crack;   with   frightful   roar   and   clang;    then   out   of   holes  and
  chasms in the g