for　which　he　dealt　so　severely　with　him；　as　sounding　no　　depth；　are　really　the　basis　of　his　strength；　precisely　as　the　　absence　of　them　were　the　defects　of　Goethe；　who　invariably　ran　his　　characters　finally　into　the　mere　moods　of　his　own　mind　and　the　　mould　of　his　errant　philosophy；　so　that　they　became　merely　erratic　　symbols　without　hold　in　the　common　sympathy。　　Whether　　WALVERWANDSCHAFTEN；　WILHELM　MEISTER；　or　FAUST；　it　is　still　the　same　　…　the　company　before　all　is　done　are　translated　into　misty　shapes　　that　he　actually　needs　to　label　for　our　identification　and　for　his　　own。　　Even　Mr　G。　H。　Lewes　saw　this　and　could　not　help　declaring　his　　own　lack　of　interest　in　the　latter　parts　of　Goethe's　greatest　　efforts。　　Stevenson；　too；　tends　to　run　his　characters　into　symbols　　…　his　moralist…fabulist　determinations　are　too　much　for　him　…　he　　would　translate　them　into　a　kind　of　chessmen；　moved　or　moving　on　a　　board。　　The　essence　of　romance　strictly　is；　that　as　the　characters　　will　not　submit　themselves　to　the　check　of　reality；　the　romancer　　may　consciously；　if　it　suits　him；　touch　them　at　any　point　with　the　　magic　wand　of　symbol；　and　if　he　finds　a　consistency　in　mere　　fanciful　invention　it　is　enough。　　Tieck's　PHANTASUS　and　George　　MacDonald's　PHANTASTES　are　ready　instances　illustrative　of　this。　　　But　it　is　very　different　with　the　story　of　real　life；　where　there　　is　a　definite　check　in　the　common…sense　and　knowledge　of　the　　reader；　and　where　the　highest　victory　always　lies　in　drawing　from　　the　reader　the　admission　…　〃that　is　life　…　life　exactly　as　I　have　　seen　and　known　it。　　Though　I　could　never　have　put　it　so；　still　it　　only　realises　my　own　conception　and　observation。　　That　is　something　　lovingly　remembered　and　re…presented；　and　this　master　makes　me　　lovingly　remember　too；　though　'twas　his　to　represent　and　reproduce　　with　such　vigor；　vividness　and　truth　that　he　carried　me　with　him；　　exactly　as　though　I　had　been　looking　on　real　men　and　women　playing　　their　part　or　their　game　in　the　great　world。〃
  Mr　Zangwill；　in　his　own　style；　wrote：
  〃He　seeks　to　combine　the　novel　of　character　with　the　novel　of　　adventure；　to　develop　character　through　romantic　action；　and　to　　bring　out　your　hero　at　the　end　of　the　episode；　not　the　fixed　　character　he　was　at　the　beginning；　as　is　the　way　of　adventure　　books；　but　a　modified　creature。　。　。　。　It　is　his　essays　and　his　　personality；　rather　than　his　novels；　that　will　count　with　　posterity。　　On　the　whole；　a　great　provincial　writer。　　Whether　he　　has　that　inherent　grip　which　makes　a　man's　provinciality　the　very　　source　of　his　strength　。　。　。　only　the　centuries　can　show。
  The　romanticist　to　the　end　pursued　Stevenson　…　he　could　not；　wholly　　or　at　once；　shake　off　the　bonds　in　which　he　had　bound　himself　to　　his　first　love；　and　it　was　the　romanticist　crossed　by　the　casuist；　　and　the　mystic　…　Dr　Jekyll　and　Mr　Hyde；　Markheim　and　Will　of　the　　Mill；　insisted　on　his　acknowledging　them　in　his　work　up　to　the　end。　　　THE　MODIFIED　CREATURE　at　the　end　of　Mr　Zangwill　was　modified　too　　directly　by　the　egotistic　element　as　well　as　through　the　romantic　　action；　and　this　point　missed　the　great　defect　was　missed；　and　Mr　　Zangwill　spoke　only　in　generals。
  M。　Schwob；　after　having　related　how　unreal　a　real　sheep's　heart　　looked　when　introduced　on　the　end　of　Giovanni's　dagger　in　a　French　　performance　of　John　Ford's　ANNABELLA　AND　GIOVANNI；　and　how　at　the　　next　performance　the　audience　was　duly　thrilled　when　Annabella's　　bleeding　heart；　made　of　a　bit　of　red　flannel；　was　borne　upon　the　　stage；　goes　on　to　say　significantly：
  〃Il　me　semble　que　les　personnages　de　Stevenson　ont　justement　cette　　espece　de　realisme　irreal。　　La　large　figure　luisante　de　Long　John；　　la　couleur　bleme　du　crane　de　Thevenin　Pensete　s'attachent　a　la　　memoire　de　nos　yeux　en　vertue　de　leur　irrealite　meme。　　Ce　sont　des　　fantomes　de　la　verite；　hallucinants　comme　de　vrais　fantomes。　　Notez　　en　passant　que　les　traits　de　John　Silver　hallucinent　Jim　Hawkins；　　et　que　Francois　Villon　est　hante　par　l'aspect　de　Thevenin　Pensete。〃
  Perhaps　the　most　notable　fact　arising　here；　and　one　that　well　　deserves　celebration；　is　this；　that　Stevenson's　development　towards　　a　broader　and　more　natural　creation　was　coincident　with　a　definite　　return　on　the　religious　views　which　had　so　powerfully　prevailed　　with　his　father　…　a　circumstance　which　it　is　to　be　feared　did　not；　　any　more　than　some　other　changes　in　him；　at　all　commend　itself　to　　Mr　Henley；　though　he　had　deliberately　dubbed　him　even　in　the　times　　of　nursing　nigh　to　the　Old　Bristo　Port　in　Edinburgh　…　something　of　　〃Shorter　Catechist。〃　Anyway　Miss　Simpson　deliberately　wrote：
  〃Mr　Henley　takes　exception　to　Stevenson's　later　phase　in　life　…　　what　he　calls　his　'Shorter　Catechism　phase。'　　It　should　be　　remembered　that　Mr　Henley　is　not　a　Scotsman；　and　in　some　things　has　　little　sympathy　with　Scotch　characteristics。　　Stevenson；　in　his　　Samoan　days；　harked　back　to　the　teaching　of　his　youth；　the　tenets　　of　the　Shorter　Catechism；　which　his　mother　and　nurse　had　dinned　　into　his　head；　were　not　forgotten。　　Mr　Henley　knew　him　best；　as　　Stevenson　says　in　the　preface　to　VIRGINIBUS　PUERISQUE　dedicated　to　　Henley；　'when　he　lived　his　life　at　twenty…five。'　　In　these　days　he　　had　＇in　some　degree＇　forgotten　about　the　Shorter　Catechism；　but　the　　'solemn　pause'　between　Saturday　and　Monday　came　back　in　full　force　　to　R。　L。　Stevenson　in　Samoa。〃
  Now　to　me　that　is　a　most　suggestive　and　significant　fact。　　It　will　　be　the　business　of　future　critics　to　show　in　how　far　such　falling　　back　would　of　necessity　modify　what　Mr　Baildon　has　set　down　as　his　　corner…stone　of　morality；　and　how　far　it　was　bound　to　modify　the　　atmosphere　…　the　purely　egotistic；　hedonistic；　and　artistic　　atmosphere；　in　which；　in　his　earlier　life　as　a　novelist；　at　all　　events；　he　had　been；　on　the　whole；　for　long　whiles　content　to　work。
  CHAPTER　XXIX　…　LOVE　OF　VAGABONDS
  WHAT　is　very　remarkable　in　Stevenson　is　that　a　man　who　was　so　much　　the　dreamer　of　dreams　…　the　mystic　moralist；　the　constant　　questioner　and　speculator　on　human　destiny　and　human　perversity；　　and　the　riddles　that　arise　on　the　search　for　the　threads　of　motive　　and　incentives　to　human　action　…　moreover；　a　man；　who　constantly　　suffered　from　one　of　the　most　trying　and　weakening　forms　of　ill…　health　…　should　have　been　so　full…blooded；　as　it　were；　so　keen　for　　contact　with　all　forms　of　human　life　and　character；　what　is　called　　the　rougher　and　coarser　being　by　no　means　excluded。　　Not　only　this：　　　he　was　himself　a　rover　…　seeking　daily　adventure　and　contact　with　　men　and　women　of　alien　habit　and　taste　and　liking。　　His　patience　is　　supported　by　his　humour。　　He　was　a　bit　of　a　vagabond　in　the　good　　sense　of　the　word；　and　always　going　round　in　search　of　〃honest　　men；〃　like　Diogenes；　and　with　no　tub　to　retire　into　or　the　desire　　for　it。　　He　thus　on　this　side　touches　the　Chaucers　and　their　　kindred；　as　well　as　the　Spensers　and　Dantes　and　their　often　　illusive　CONFRERES。　　His　voyage　as　a　steerage　passenger　across　the　　Atlantic　is　only　one　out　of　a　whole　chapter　of　such　episodes；　and　　is　more　significant　and　characteristic　even　than　the　TRAVELS　WITH　A　　DONKEY　IN　THE　CEVENNES　or　the　INLAND　VOYAGE。　　These　might　be　ranked　　with　the　〃Sentimental　Journeys〃　that　have　sometimes　been　the　　fashion　…　that　was　truly　of　a　prosaic　and　risky　order。　　The　appeal　　thus　made　to　an　element　deep　in　the　English　nature　will　do　much　to　　keep　his　memory　green　in　the　hearts　that　could　not　rise　to　　appreciation　of　his　style　and　literary　gifts　at　all。　　He　loves　the　　roadways　and　the　by…ways；　and　those　to　be　met　with　there　…　like　him　　in　this；　though　unlike　him　in　most　else。　　The　love　of　the　roadsides　　and　the　greenwood　…　and　the　queer　miscellany　of　life　there　unfolded　　and　ever　changing　…　a　kind　of　gipsy…like　longing　for　the　tent　and　　familiar　contact　with　nature　and　rude　human…nature　in　the　open　　dates　from　beyond　Chaucer；　and　remains　and　will　have　gratification　　…　the　longing　for　novelty　and　all　the　accidents；　as　it　were；　of　　pilgrimage　and　rude　social　travel。　　You　see　it　bubble　up；　like　a　　true　and　new　nature…spring；　through　all　the　surface　coatings　of　　culture　and　artificiality；　in　Stevenson。　　He　anew；　without　　pretence；　enlivens　it　…　makes　it　first　a　part　of　himself；　and　then　　a　part　of　literature　once　more。　　Listen　to　him；　as　he　sincerely　　sings　this　passion　for　the　pilgrimage　…　or　the　modern　phase　of　it　…　　innocent　vagabond　roving：
  〃Give　to　me　the　life　I　love；　Let　the　lave　go　by　me；　Give　the　jolly　heaven　above；　And　the　by…way　nigh　me：　Bed　in　the　bush；　with　stars　to　see；　Bread　I　dip　in　the　river　…　Here's　the　life　for　a　man　like　me；　Here's　the　life　for　ever。。。。
  〃Let　the　blow　fall　soon　or　late；　Let　what　will　be　o'er　me；　Give　the　face　of　earth　around　And　the　road　before　me。　Health　I　ask　not；　hope　nor　love；　Nor　a　friend　to　know　me：　All　I　ask　the　heaven　above；　And　the　road　below　me。〃
  True；　this　is　put　in　the　mouth　of　another；　but　Stevenson　could　not　　have　so　voiced　it；　had　he　not　been　the　born　rover　that　he　was；　with　　longing　for　the　roadside；　the　high　hills；　and　forests　and　newcomers　　and　varied　miscellaneous　company。　　Here　he　does　more　directly　speak　　in　his　own　person　and　quite　to　the　same　effect：
  〃I　will　make　you　brooches　and　toys　for