This　latter　mode；　it　would　appear；　dissevers
  Only　the　bond　of　love　which　Nature　makes；
  Wherefore　within　the　second　circle　nestle
  Hypocrisy；　flattery；　and　who　deals　in　magic；
  Falsification；　theft；　and　simony；
  Panders；　and　barrators；　and　the　like　filth。
  By　the　other　mode；　forgotten　is　that　love
  Which　Nature　makes；　and　what　is　after　added；
  From　which　there　is　a　special　faith　engendered。
  Hence　in　the　smallest　circle；　where　the　point　is
  Of　the　Universe；　upon　which　Dis　is　seated；
  Whoe'er　betrays　for　ever　is　consumed。〃
  And　I：　〃My　Master；　clear　enough　proceeds
  Thy　reasoning；　and　full　well　distinguishes
  This　cavern　and　the　people　who　possess　it。
  But　tell　me；　those　within　the　fat　lagoon；
  Whom　the　wind　drives；　and　whom　the　rain　doth　beat；
  And　who　encounter　with　such　bitter　tongues；
  Wherefore　are　they　inside　of　the　red　city
  Not　punished；　if　God　has　them　in　his　wrath；
  And　if　he　has　not；　wherefore　in　such　fashion？〃
  And　unto　me　he　said：　〃Why　wanders　so
  Thine　intellect　from　that　which　it　is　wont？
  Or；　sooth；　thy　mind　where　is　it　elsewhere　looking？
  Hast　thou　no　recollection　of　those　words
  With　which　thine　Ethics　thoroughly　discusses
  The　dispositions　three；　that　Heaven　abides　not；
  Incontinence；　and　Malice；　and　insane
  Bestiality？　and　how　Incontinence
  Less　God　offendeth；　and　less　blame　attracts？
  If　thou　regardest　this　conclusion　well；
  And　to　thy　mind　recallest　who　they　are
  That　up　outside　are　undergoing　penance；
  Clearly　wilt　thou　perceive　why　from　these　felons
  They　separated　are；　and　why　less　wroth
  Justice　divine　doth　smite　them　with　its　hammer。〃
  〃O　Sun；　that　healest　all　distempered　vision；
  Thou　dost　content　me　so；　when　thou　resolvest；
  That　doubting　pleases　me　no　less　than　knowing！
  Once　more　a　little　backward　turn　thee；〃　said　I；
  〃There　where　thou　sayest　that　usury　offends
  Goodness　divine；　and　disengage　the　knot。〃
  〃Philosophy；〃　he　said；　〃to　him　who　heeds　it；
  Noteth；　not　only　in　one　place　alone；
  After　what　manner　Nature　takes　her　course
  From　Intellect　Divine；　and　from　its　art；
  And　if　thy　Physics　carefully　thou　notest；
  After　not　many　pages　shalt　thou　find；
  That　this　your　art　as　far　as　possible
  Follows；　as　the　disciple　doth　the　master；
  So　that　your　art　is；　as　it　were；　God's　grandchild。
  From　these　two；　if　thou　bringest　to　thy　mind
  Genesis　at　the　beginning；　it　behoves
  Mankind　to　gain　their　life　and　to　advance；
  And　since　the　usurer　takes　another　way；
  Nature　herself　and　in　her　follower
  Disdains　he；　for　elsewhere　he　puts　his　hope。
  But　follow；　now；　as　I　would　fain　go　on；
  For　quivering　are　the　Fishes　on　the　horizon；
  And　the　Wain　wholly　over　Caurus　lies；
  And　far　beyond　there　we　descend　the　crag。〃
  Inferno：　Canto　XII
  The　place　where　to　descend　the　bank　we　came
  Was　alpine；　and　from　what　was　there；　moreover；
  Of　such　a　kind　that　every　eye　would　shun　it。
  Such　as　that　ruin　is　which　in　the　flank
  Smote；　on　this　side　of　Trent；　the　Adige；
  Either　by　earthquake　or　by　failing　stay；
  For　from　the　mountain's　top；　from　which　it　moved；
  Unto　the　plain　the　cliff　is　shattered　so；
  Some　path　'twould　give　to　him　who　was　above；
  Even　such　was　the　descent　of　that　ravine；
  And　on　the　border　of　the　broken　chasm
  The　infamy　of　Crete　was　stretched　along；
  Who　was　conceived　in　the　fictitious　cow；
  And　when　he　us　beheld；　he　bit　himself；
  Even　as　one　whom　anger　racks　within。
  My　Sage　towards　him　shouted：　〃Peradventure
  Thou　think'st　that　here　may　be　the　Duke　of　Athens；
  Who　in　the　world　above　brought　death　to　thee？
  Get　thee　gone；　beast；　for　this　one　cometh　not
  Instructed　by　thy　sister；　but　he　comes
  In　order　to　behold　your　punishments。〃
  As　is　that　bull　who　breaks　loose　at　the　moment
  In　which　he　has　received　the　mortal　blow；
  Who　cannot　walk；　but　staggers　here　and　there；
  The　Minotaur　beheld　I　do　the　like；
  And　he；　the　wary；　cried：　〃Run　to　the　passage；
  While　he　wroth；　'tis　well　thou　shouldst　descend。〃
  Thus　down　we　took　our　way　o'er　that　discharge
  Of　stones；　which　oftentimes　did　move　themselves
  Beneath　my　feet；　from　the　unwonted　burden。
  Thoughtful　I　went；　and　he　said：　〃Thou　art　thinking
  Perhaps　upon　this　ruin；　which　is　guarded
  By　that　brute　anger　which　just　now　I　quenched。
  Now　will　I　have　thee　know；　the　other　time
  I　here　descended　to　the　nether　Hell；
  This　precipice　had　not　yet　fallen　down。
  But　truly；　if　I　well　discern；　a　little
  Before　His　coming　who　the　mighty　spoil
  Bore　off　from　Dis；　in　the　supernal　circle；
  Upon　all　sides　the　deep　and　loathsome　valley
  Trembled　so；　that　I　thought　the　Universe
  Was　thrilled　with　love；　by　which　there　are　who　think
  The　world　ofttimes　converted　into　chaos；
  And　at　that　moment　this　primeval　crag
  Both　here　and　elsewhere　made　such　overthrow。
  But　fix　thine　eyes　below；　for　draweth　near
  The　river　of　blood；　within　which　boiling　is
  Whoe'er　by　violence　doth　injure　others。〃
  O　blind　cupidity；　O　wrath　insane；
  That　spurs　us　onward　so　in　our　short　life；
  And　in　the　eternal　then　so　badly　steeps　us！
  I　saw　an　ample　moat　bent　like　a　bow；
  As　one　which　all　the　plain　encompasses；
  Conformable　to　what　my　Guide　had　said。
  And　between　this　and　the　embankment's　foot
  Centaurs　in　file　were　running；　armed　with　arrows；
  As　in　the　world　they　used　the　chase　to　follow。
  Beholding　us　descend；　each　one　stood　still；
  And　from　the　squadron　three　detached　themselves；
  With　bows　and　arrows　in　advance　selected；
  And　from　afar　one　cried：　〃Unto　what　torment
  Come　ye；　who　down　the　hillside　are　descending？
  Tell　us　from　there；　if　not；　I　draw　the　bow。〃
  My　Master　said：　〃Our　answer　will　we　make
  To　Chiron；　near　you　there；　in　evil　hour；
  That　will　of　thine　was　evermore　so　hasty。〃
  Then　touched　he　me；　and　said：　〃This　one　is　Nessus；
  Who　perished　for　the　lovely　Dejanira；
  And　for　himself；　himself　did　vengeance　take。
  And　he　in　the　midst；　who　at　his　breast　is　gazing；
  Is　the　great　Chiron；　who　brought　up　Achilles；
  That　other　Pholus　is；　who　was　so　wrathful。
  Thousands　and　thousands　go　about　the　moat
  Shooting　with　shafts　whatever　soul　emerges
  Out　of　the　blood；　more　than　his　crime　allots。〃
  Near　we　approached　unto　those　monsters　fleet；
  Chiron　an　arrow　took；　and　with　the　notch
  Backward　upon　his　jaws　he　put　his　beard。
  After　he　had　uncovered　his　great　mouth；
  He　said　to　his　companions：　〃Are　you　ware
  That　he　behind　moveth　whate'er　he　touches？
  Thus　are　not　wont　to　do　the　feet　of　dead　men。〃
  And　my　good　Guide；　who　now　was　at　his　breast；
  Where　the　two　natures　are　together　joined；
  Replied：　〃Indeed　he　lives；　and　thus　alone
  Me　it　behoves　to　show　him　the　dark　valley；
  Necessity；　and　not　delight；　impels　us。
  Some　one　withdrew　from　singing　Halleluja；
  Who　unto　me　committed　this　new　office；
  No　thief　is　he；　nor　I　a　thievish　spirit。
  But　by　that　virtue　through　which　I　am　moving
  My　steps　along　this　savage　thoroughfare；
  Give　us　some　one　of　thine；　to　be　with　us；
  And　who　may　show　us　where　to　pass　the　ford；
  And　who　may　carry　this　one　on　his　back；
  For　'tis　no　spirit　that　can　walk　the　air。〃
  Upon　his　right　breast　Chiron　wheeled　about；
  And　said　to　Nessus：　〃Turn　and　do　thou　guide　them；
  And　warn　aside；　if　other　band　may　meet　you。〃
  We　with　our　faithful　escort　onward　moved
  Along　the　brink　of　the　vermilion　boiling；
  Wherein　the　boiled　were　uttering　loud　laments。
  People　I　saw　within　up　to　the　eyebrows；
  And　the　great　Centaur　said：　〃Tyrants　are　these；
  Who　dealt　in　bloodshed　and　in　pillaging。
  Here　they　lament　their　pitiless　mischiefs；　here
  Is　Alexander；　and　fierce　Dionysius
  Who　upon　Sicily　brought　dolorous　years。
  That　forehead　there　which　has　the　hair　so　black
  Is　Azzolin；　and　the　other　who　is　blond；
  Obizzo　is　of　Esti；　who；　in　truth；
  Up　in　the　world　was　by　his　stepson　slain。〃
  Then　turned　I　to　the　Poet；　and　he　said；
  〃Now　he　be　first　to　thee；　and　second　I。〃
  A　little　farther　on　the　Centaur　stopped
  Above　a　folk；　who　far　down　as　the　throat
  Seemed　from　that　boiling　stream　to　issue　forth。
  A　shade　he　showed　us　on　one　side　alone；
  Saying：　〃He　cleft　asunder　in　God's　bosom
  The　heart　that　still　upon　the　Thames　is　honoured。〃
  Then　people　saw　I；　who　from　out　the　river
  Lifted　their　heads　and　also　all　the　chest；
  And　many　among　these　I　recognised。
  Thus　ever　more　and　more　grew　shallower
  That　blood；　so　that　the　feet　alone　it　covered；
  And　there　across　the　moat　our　passage　was。
  〃Even　as　thou　here　upon　this　side　beholdest
  The　boiling　stream；　that　aye　diminishes；〃
  The　Centaur　said；　〃I　wish　thee　to　believe
  That　on　this　other　more　and　more　declines
  Its　bed；　until　it　reunites　itself
  Where　it　behoveth　tyranny　to　groan。
  Justice　divine；　upon　this　side；　is　goading
  That　Attila；　who　was　a　scourge　on　earth；
  And　Pyrrhus；　and　Sextus；　and　for　ever　milks
  The　tears　which　with　the　boiling　it　unseals
  In　Rinier　da　Corneto　and　Rinier　Pazzo；
  Who　made　upon　the　highways　so　much　war。〃
  Then　back　he　turned；　and　passed　again　the　ford。
  Inferno：　Canto　XIII
  Not　yet　had　Nessus　reached　the　other　side；
  When　we　had　put　ourselves　within　a　wood；
  Tha