第 14 节
作者:无边的寒冷      更新:2021-02-20 04:47      字数:9321
  **** Central spines more than one; and none of them hooked。
  +   Slender   or   sometimes   stout   cylindrical   plants;   branching   atbase:
  Lower Californian。
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  North American Species of Cactus
  brandegei (3); setispinus (24); halei (25)。
  ++ Depressed…globose to ovate and stout cylindrical。
  ++ Radials few (3 to 12) and rigid: Mexican。
  Radials 3: centrals 3。 alternatus (1)
  Radials 7 or 8: tubercles 40 to 50 mm。 long。 longimamma (36)。
  Radials 10 to 12: tubercles 12 to 15 mm。 long。 gummiferus (8)。++++
  Radials numerous (16 to 60); capillary or bristle…like。
  Radials     15  to   30;  slender    but  rigid   (bristly)。  acanthophlegmus(2);
  densispinus      (4);   bispinus    (14);rhodanthus      (26);   sulphureospinus       (27);
  palmeri (29); pringlei (32)。
  Radials     30   to  60   or   more;    mostly    capillary。   tetrancistrus*     (22);
  capillaris (28); texanus* (31); spaerotrichus (33)。
  ***** Central spines more than one and but one of them hooked。
  Radials 10 to 15。 goodrichii* (16); setispinus (24)。
  Radials 15 to 30。 pondii (17); grahami* (19); bocasanus (20)。
  Radials 30 to 60。 tetrancistrus (22)。
  ******      Central    spines    more     than   one;   and    more    then    one   of
  themhooked。
  Radials 8 to 12。 wrightii* (15)。
  Radials 30 to 60。 tetrancistrus (22)。
  II。 Tubercles with a more or less prominent groove。
  * Central spines none。
  +   Radials   whitish   and   rigid;   oppressed   (pectinate)   and   interwoven
  with adjacent clusters。
  Depressed…globose and simple。 compactus (44)。
  Globose and simple。 radians* (45); corniferus (47)。
  Cespitose。 pectenoides (46); sulcatus* (49)。
  ++ Radials more slender and spreading。
  Radials 10 to 17。 missouriensis* (37); similis* (38); macromeris* (64)。
  Radials 30 to 50; capillary。 dasyacanthus* (51)。
  ** Central spine solitary; not hooked。
  + Central spine porrect。
  Radials 6 to 17。 missouriensis* (37); robustior* (39); scheerii* (40)。
  Radials 30 to 50; white and capillary。 dasyacanthus* (51)。
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  North American Species of Cactus
  ++ Central spine curved downwards。
  Radials 8 to 12。 sulcatus* (49)。
  Radials 12 to 26。 robustispinus (41); recurvatus (42); corniferus (47);
  scolymoides* (48)。
  +++ Central spine erect: Mexican。
  Radials 7 or 8: central 50 mm。 long。 salm…dyckianus (43)。
  Radials 10 or 11: central 25 to 35 mm。 long。 maculatus (52)。
  Radials 13 to 16。 compactus (44)。
  *** Central spine solitary and hooked。
  brunneus (53)。
  **** Central spines more than one and none of them hooked。
  Centrals     2:  radials   6   to  20。   scheerii*    (40);   robustispinus     (41);
  recurvatus (42); scolymoides* (48)。
  Centrals 3: radials 6 to 40。 scheerii* (40); scolymoides* (48); echinus*
  (50); conoideus (54); neo…mexicanus* (59); arizonicus* (60)。
  Centrals   4   or   5:   radials   6   to   40。   scheerii*   (40);   scolymoides*   (48);
  echinus*      (50);   conoideus     (54);   tuberculosus*     (56);   viviparus*     (57);
  radiosus* (58); neo…mexicanus* (59)。 arizonicus* (60); macromeris* (64)。
  Centrals    6  or  7:  radials   12  to  40。  potsii*   (55);  tuberculosus*(56);
  viviparus* (57); neo…mexicanus* (59); arizonicus* (60); chloranthus (62)。
  Centrals 8 to 14: radials 12 to 40 or more。 potsii* (55); tuberculosus*
  (56);   viviparus*   (57);   neo…mexicanus*   (59);   deserti*   (61);   chloranthus*
  (62); alversoni* (63)。
  GEOGRAPHICAL
  DISTRIBUTION
  It is only possible to deal with the forms that occur within the borders
  of   the   United   States;   as   even   individual   stations   of   common   Mexican
  forms   are   little   if   at   all   known。These   United   States   forms   represent   a
  northern      extension     of    an   abundant      Mexican       display。The     group
  EUMAMILLARIA; containing twelve of the thirty…one forms defined as
  occurring north of the Rio Grande; makes the feeblest extension northward;
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  North American Species of Cactus
  at   no   place   being   found   far   from   the   boundary;   and   all   the   twelve   are
  Mexican forms which extend but slightly into the United States。Only five
  of   the   forms    are  found    east  of   the  Pecos:    heyderi;    the  most    widely
  distributed EUMAMILLARIA; extending from the southeastern border of
  Texas westward along the whole Mexican boundary except in California;
  hemisphaericus;        extending    through     southern    Texas    and   southern    New
  Mexico; meiacanthus;   also   along   the   Mexican   border of Texas   and   New
  Mexico; texanus; a low ground form of the Rio Grande Valley; extending
  from the mouth of the river to El Paso; and suggesting a connection with
  the West Indian stellatus; and sphaericus; another low ground valley form
  of similar range; but apparently only extending up the Rio Grande to the
  region of Eagle Pass。
  The      Pecos      forms      the     eastern     boundary        of    five     other
  EUMAMILLARIA                forms:     micromeris;      extending      northward       from
  Coahuila   and   Chihuahua;   apparently   only   in   the   mountains   between   the
  Pecos   and   El   Paso;   wrightii;  of   similar   narrow  northward extension;   but
  ranging further northward on the high plains of the Upper Pecos in New
  Mexico; denudatus;   also   with   a   narrow  northward   extension   west   of   the
  Pecos;     lasiacanthus;    extending     from    Chihuahua      with   a  northern    limit
  between the Pecos and Arizona; and grahami; a Sonoran type which has
  spread between the Pecos and southeastern California。
  The ten preceding forms have evidently entered our borders from the
  highlands of Sonora and Chihuahua; with the exception of the Rio Grande
  Valley forms; texanus and sphaericus。Another species; tetrancistrus; is also
  a Sonoran type which has reached the eastern slopes of the mountains of
  southeastern California; and extended through western Arizona to southern
  Nevada      and   southern    Utah;   the   most   extended     northern    range   of  any
  EUMAMILLARIA。The   twelfth   form;   goodrichii;   is   Lower   Californian;
  and    extends    into  California    only   in  San    Diego    County。A   summarized
  statement   of the   distribution of our   twelve   EUMAMILLARIA  would   be
  that   two   of   them   have   extended   from   the   low   grounds   of   Coahuila   and
  Chihuahua and spread along the valley of the Rio Grande; nine have come
  from   the   high   grounds   of   Chihuahua   and   Sonora;   four   of   which   have
  extended eastward to the low levels of southeastern Texas; four have kept
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  North American Species of Cactus
  to   the   highlands   west   of   the   Pecos;   and   one   has   kept   to   the   Colorado
  Valley and its   tributaries;  while  one has   a  short northern   extension   from
  Lower California。
  The nineteen forms of CORYPHANTHA are decidedly more northern
  in their distribution; and are our characteristic representatives of the genus
  Cactus。Ten   of   these;   however;   are   but   northern   extensions   of   Mexican
  forms; and six of the ten have simply that tongue…like northern extension
  in the mountains between the Pecos and the Upper Rio Grande (above。 El
  Paso);   viz。:   dasyacanthus;   tuberculosus;   scheerii   (which   has   also   spread
  somewhat east of   the Pecos);   and the three pectinate   and closely  related
  forms radians;  echinus;  and scolymoides。Of   the   four   remaining   Mexican
  forms;   macromeris   is   a   low   ground   Rio   Grande   Valley   form;   extending
  from     above    El   Paso   well   towards     the   Lower     Rio   Grande;     potsii  just
  crosses the border in the neighborhood of Laredo; and radiosus and neo…
  mexicanus   have   by   far   the   greatest   northern   extension;   stretching   from
  Sonora      and    Chihuahua      to   southern     Utah    and   central    Colorado;     and
  eastward to the Guadalupe River of Texas。
  The   nine   remaining   coryphanths   are   distinctly   forms   of   the   United
  States; occupying two well…marked regions; viz。: the northern plains; and
  the desert region of western Arizona and adjacent California; Nevada; and