第 493 节
作者:九米      更新:2021-02-19 21:33      字数:8875
  Is this not corruption of Tao?
  54
  Who is firmly established is not easily shaken。
  Who has a firm grasp does not easily let go。
  From generation to generation his ancestral sacrifices
  Shall be continued without fail。
  Cultivated in the individual; character will become genuine;
  Cultivated in the family; character will become abundant;
  Cultivated in the village; character will multiply;
  Cultivated in the state; character will prosper;
  Cultivated in the world; character will become universal。
  Therefore:
  According to (the character of ) the individual;
  judge the individual;
  According to (the character of ) the family;
  judge the family;
  According to (the character of ) the village;
  judge the village;
  According to (the character of ) the state;
  judge the state;
  According to (the character of ) the world;
  judge the world。
  How do I know this is so?
  By this。
  55
  Who is rich in character
  Is like a child。
  No poisonous insects sting him;
  No wild beasts attack him;
  And no birds of prey pounce upon him。
  His bones are soft; his sinews tender; yet his grip is strong。
  Not knowing the union of male and female; yet his organs are complete;
  Which means his vigor is unspoiled。
  Crying the whole day; yet his voice never runs hoarse;
  Which means his (natural) harmony is perfect。
  To know harmony is to be in accord with the eternal;
  (And) to know eternity is called discerning。
  (But) to improve upon life is called an ill…omen;
  To let go the emotions through impulse is called assertiveness。
  (For) things age after reaching their prime;
  That (assertiveness) would be against Tao。
  And he who is against Tao perishes young。
  56
  He who knows does not speak;
  He who speaks does not know。
  Fill up its apertures;
  Close its doors;
  Dull its edges;
  Untie its tangles;
  Soften its light;
  Submerge its turmoil;
  … This is the Mystic Unity。
  Then love and hatred cannot touch him。
  Profit and loss cannot reach him。
  Honor and disgrace cannot affect him。
  Therefore is he always the honored one of the world。
  57
  Rule a kingdom by the Normal。
  Fight a battle by (abnormal) tactics of surprise。
  Win the world by doing nothing。
  How do I know it is so?
  Through this: …
  The more prohibitions there are;
  The poorer the people become。
  The more sharp weapons there are;
  The greater the chaos in the state。
  The more skills of technique;
  The more cunning things are produced。
  The greater the number of statutes;
  The greater the number of thieves and
  brigands。
  Therefore the sage says:
  I do nothing and the people are reformed of themselves。
  I love quietude and the people are righteous of themselves。
  I deal in no business and the people grow rich by themselves。
  I have no desires and the people are simple
  and honest by themselves。
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  When the government is lazy and dull;
  Its people are unspoiled;
  When the government is efficient and smart;
  Its people are discontented。
  Disaster is the avenue of fortune;
  (And) fortune is the concealment for disaster。
  Who would be able to know its ultimate results?
  (As it is); there would never be the normal。
  But the normal would (immediately) revert to the deceitful。
  And the good revert to the sinister。
  Thus long has mankind gone astray!
  Therefore the Sage is square (has firm principles);
  but not cutting (sharp…cornered);
  Has integrity but does not hurt (others);
  Is straight; but not high…handed;
  Bright; but not dazzling。
  59
  In managing human affairs; there is no better rule
  than to be sparing。
  To be sparing is to forestall;
  To forestall is to be prepared and strengthened;
  To be prepared and strengthened is to be ever…victorious;
  To be ever…victorious is to have infinite capacity;
  He who has infinite capacity is fit to rule a country;
  And the Mother (principle) of a ruling country can long endure。
  This is to be firmly rooted; to have deep strength;
  The road to immortality and enduring vision。
  60
  Rule a big country as you would fry small fish。
  Who rules the world in accord with Tao
  Shall find that the spirits lose their power。
  It is not that the spirits lose their power;
  But that they cease to do people harm。
  It is not (only) that they cease to do people harm;
  The Sage (himself) also does no harm to the people。
  When both do not do each other harm;
  The original character is restored。
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  A big country (should be like) the delta low…regions;
  Being the concourse of the world;
  (And) the Female of the world。
  The Female overcomes the Male by quietude;
  And achieves the lowly position by quietude。
  Therefore if a big country places itself below a small country
  It absorbs the small country。
  (And) if a small country places itself below a big country;
  It absorbs the big country。
  Therefore some place themselves low to absorb (others);
  Some are (naturally) low and absorb (others)。
  What a big country wants is but to shelter
  others;
  And what a small country wants is but
  to be able to
  牋牋牋牋 come in and be sheltered。
  Thus (considering) that both may have what they want;
  A big country ought to place itself low。
  62
  Tao is the mysterious secret of the universe;
  The good man's treasure;
  And the bad man's refuge。
  Beautiful saying can be sold at the market;
  Noble conduct can be presented as a gift。
  Though there be bad people;
  Why reject them?
  Therefore on the crowning of an emperor;
  On the appointment of the Three Ministers;
  Rather than send tributes of jade and teams of four horses;
  Send in the tribute of Tao。
  Wherein did the ancients prize this Tao?
  Did they not say; 〃to search for the guilty ones and pardon them〃?
  Therefore is (tao) the treasure of the world。
  63
  牋 Accomplish do…nothing。
  Attend to no…affairs。
  Taste the flavorless。
  Whether it is big or small; many or few;
  Requite hatred with virtue。
  Deal with the difficult while yet it is easy;
  Deal wit the big while yet it is small。
  The difficult (problems) of the world
  Must be dealt with while they are yet easy;
  The great (problems) of the world
  Must be dealt with while they are yet small。
  Therefore the Sage by never dealing with great (problems)
  Accomplishes greatness。
  He who lightly makes a promise
  Will find it often hard to keep his faith。
  He who makes light of many things
  Will encounter many difficulties。
  Hence even the Sage regards things as difficult;
  And for that reason never meets with difficulties。
  64
  That which lies still is easy to hold;
  That which is not yet manifest is easy to forestall;
  That which is brittle (like ice) easily melts;
  That which is minute easily scatters。
  Deal with a thing before it is there;
  Check disorder before it is rife。
  A tree with a full span's girth begins from a tiny sprout;
  A nine…storied terrace begins with a clod of earth。
  A journey of a thousand li beings at one's feet。
  He who acts; spoils;
  He who grasps; lets slip。
  Because the Sage does not act; he does not spoil;
  Because he does not grasp; he does not let slip。
  The affairs of men are often spoiled within an ace of
  completion。
  By being careful at the end as at the beginning
  Failure is averted。
  Therefore the Sage desires to have no desire;
  And values not objects difficult to obtain。
  Learns that which is unlearned;
  And restores what the multitude have lost。
  That he may assist in the course of Nature
  And not presume to interfere。
  65
  The ancients who knew how to follow the Tao
  Aimed not to enlighten the people。;
  But to keep them ignorant。
  The reason it is difficult for the people to leave in peace
  Is because of too much knowledge。
  Those who seek to rule a country by knowledge
  Are the nation's curse。
  Those who seek not to rule a country by knowledge
  Are the nation's blessing。
  Those who know these two (principles)
  Also know the ancient standard;
  And to know always the ancient standard
  Is called the Mystic Virtue。
  When the Mystic Virtue becomes clear; far…reaching;
  And things revert back (to their source)
  Then and then only emerges the Grand Harmony。
  66
  How did the great rivers and seas become the Lords
  of the ravines?
  By being good at keeping low。
  That was how they became Lords of the Ravines。
  Therefore in order to be the chief among the people;
  One must speak like their inferiors。
  In order to be foremost among the people;
  One must walk behind them。
  Thus it is that the Sage stays above;
  And the people do not feel hi