第 444 节
作者:九米      更新:2021-02-19 21:32      字数:8957
  Is thereby preserved from all harm。
  This is called resorting to the always…so。
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  He who has the least scrap of sense;
  Once he has got started on the great highway has nothing to fear
  So long as he avoids turnings。
  For great highways are safe and easy。
  But men love by…paths。
  So long as Court is in order
  They are content to let their fields run to weed
  And their granaries stand empty。
  They wear patterns and embroideries;
  Carry sharp swords; glut themselves with drink and food;
  Have more possessions than they can use。
  These are the riotous ways of brigandage; they are not the Highway。
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  What Tao plants cannot be plucked;
  What Tao clasps; cannot slip。
  By its virtue alone can one generation after another carry on the ancestrial sacrifice。
  Apply it to yourself and by its power you will be freed from dross。
  Apply it to your household and your household shall thereby have abundance。
  Apply it to the village; and the village will be made secure。
  Apply it to the kingdom; and the kingdom shall thereby be made to flourish。
  Apply it to an empire; and the empire shall thereby be extended。
  Therefore just as through oneself one may contemplate Oneself;
  So through the household one may contemplate the Household;
  And through the village; one may contemplate the Village;
  And through the kingdom; one may contemplate the Kingdom;
  And through the empire; one may contemplate the Empire。
  How do I know that the empire is so?
  By this。
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  The impunity of things fraught with the 損ower?br》 May be likened to that of an infant。
  Poisonous insects do not sting it;
  Nor fierce beasts seize it;
  Nor clawing birds maul it;
  Its bones are soft; its sinews weak; but its grip is strong。
  Not yet to have known the union of male and female;
  But to be completely formed;
  Means that the vital force is at its height;
  To be able to scream all day without getting hoarse
  Means that the harmony is at its perfection。
  To understand such harmony is to understand the always so。
  To understand the always…so is to be illumined。
  But to fill life to the brim is to invite omens。
  If the heart makes calls upon the life…breath; rigidity follows。
  Whatever has a time of vigour also has a time of decay。
  Such things are against Tao;
  And whatever is against Tao is soon destroyed。
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  Those who know do not speak;
  Those who speak do not know。
  Black the passages;
  Shut the doors;
  Let all sharpness be blunted;
  All tangles untied;
  All glare tempered。
  All dust smoothed。
  This is called the mysterious leveling。
  He who has achieved it cannot either be drawn into friendship or repelled;
  Cannot be benefited; cannot be harmed;
  Cannot either be raised or humbled;
  And for that very reason is highest of all creatures under heaven。
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  揔ingdoms can only be governed if rules are kept;
  Battles can only be won if rules are broken。?br》 But the adherence of all under heaven can only be won by letting…alone。
  How do I know that it is so?
  By this。
  The more prohibitions there are; the more ritual avoidances;
  The poorer the people will be。
  The more 搒harp weapons?there are;
  The more benighted will the whole land grow。
  The more cunning craftsmen there are;
  The more pernicious contrivances will be invented。
  The more laws are promulgated;
  The more thieves and bandits there will be。
  Therefore a sage has said:
  So long as I 揹o nothing?the people will of themselves be transformed。
  So long as I love quietude; the people will of themselves go straight。
  So long as I act only by inactivity the people will of themselves become prosperous。
  So long as I have no wants
  The people will of themselves return to the 搒tate of the Uncarved Block?
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  When the ruler looks repressed the people will be happy and satisfied;
  When the rule looks lively and self…assured the people will be carping and discontented。
  揑t is upon bad fortune that good fortune leans; upon good fortune that bad fortune rests。?br》 But though few know it; there is a bourn where there is neither right nor wrong;
  In a realm where every straight is doubled by a crooked;
  And every good by an ill; surely mankind has gone long enough astray?
  Therefore the Sage
  Squares without cutting;
  Shapes the corners without iopping;
  Straightens without stretching;
  Gives forth light without shining。
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  You cannot rule men nor serve heaven unless you have laid up a store;
  This 搇aying up a store?means quickly absorbing;
  And 搎uickly absorbing?means doubling one's garnered 損ower?
  Double your garnered power and it acquires a strength that nothing can overcome。
  If there is nothing it cannot overcome; it know no bounds;
  And only what knows no bounds is huge enough to keep a whole kingdom in its grasp。
  But only he who having the kingdom goes to the Mother can keep it long。
  This is called the art of making the roots strike deep by fencing the trunk;
  Of making life long by fixed staring。
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  Ruling a large kingdom is indeed like cooking small fish。
  They who by Tao all that is under heaven
  Did not let an evil spirit within them display its powers。
  Nay; it was not only that the evil spirit did not display its powers;
  Neither was the Sage's good spirit used to the hurt of other men。
  Nor was it only that his good spirit was not used to harm other men;
  The Sage himself was thus saved from harm。
  And so; each being saved from harm;
  Their 損owers?could converge towards a common end。
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  A large kingdom must be like the low ground towards which all streams flows down。
  It must be a point towards which all things under heaven converge。
  Its part must be that of the female in its dealings with all things under heaven。
  The female by quiescence conquers the male; by quiescence gets underneath。
  If a large kingdom can in the same way succeed in getting underneath a small kingdom
  Then it will win the adherence of the small kingdom;
  And it is because small kingdoms are by nature in this way underneath large kingdoms
  That they win the adherence of large kingdoms。
  The one must get underneath in order to do it;
  The other is underneath and therefore does it。
  (What large countries really need is more inhabitants;
  And what small countries need is some place
  Where their surplus inhabitants can go and get employment。)
  Thus each gets what it needs。
  That is why I say the large kingdom must 揼et underneath?
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  Tao in the Universe is like the south…west corner in the house。
  It is the treasure of the good man;
  The support of the bad。
  There is a traffic in speakers of fine words;
  Persons of grave demeanour are accepted as gifts;
  Even the bad let slip no opportunity to acquire them。
  Therefore on the day of an Emperor's enthronement
  Or at the installation of the three officers of State
  Rather than send a team of four horses; preceded by a disc of jade;
  Better were it; as can be done without moving from one's seat;
  To send this Tao。
  For what did the ancients say of this Tao;
  How did they prize it?
  Did they not say of those that have it
  揚ursuing; they shall catch; pursued; they shall escape??br》 They thought it; indeed; most precious of all things under heaven。
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  It acts without action; does without doing;
  Finds flavour in what is flavourless;
  Can make the small great and the few many;
  揜equites injuries with good deeds;
  Deals with the hard while it is still easy;
  With the great while it is still small。?br》 In the governance of empire everything difficult
  Must be dealt with while it is still easy;
  Everything great must be dealt with while it is still small。
  Therefore the Sage never has to deal with the great;
  And so achieves greatness。
  But again 揕ight assent inspires little confidence
  And 'many easies' means many a hard。?br》 Therefore the Sage knows too how to make the easy difficult;
  And by doing so avoid all difficulties!
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  揥hat stays still is easy to hold;
  Before there has been an omen it is easy to lay plans。
  What is tender is easily torn;
  What is minute is easy to scatter。?br》 Deal with things in their state of not…yet…being;
  Put them in order before they have got into confusion。
  For 搕he tree big as a man's embrace began as a tiny sprout;
  The tower nine storeys high began with a heap of earth;
  The journey of a thousand leagues began with what was under the feet?
  He who acts; harms; he who grabs; lets slip。
  Therefore the Sage does not act; and so does not harm;
  Does not grab; and so does not let slip。
  Whereas the people of the world; at their tasks;
  Constantly spoil things when within an ace of completing them。
  揌eed the end no less than t