第 429 节
作者:九米      更新:2021-02-19 21:32      字数:8899
  Conquers without using force of arms;
  For it is in the nature of direct force to rebound
  … violence begetting violence;
  repaying the wielder in kind。
  Knowing that forceful conflict produces
  a battleground of thorns and bramble extending far beyond the point of conflict;
  It is inevitable that conflict be followed by great famine and deprivation。
  A wise leader effects the purpose at hand; and stops …
  Not continuing the use of power for its own sake。
  Achieving the purpose:
  … Does not brag about it。
  … Does not boast of it。
  … Does not take pride in it。
  … Considers any conflict an unavoidable and regrettable necessity。
  … Does not delight in domination
  and violence。
  Knowing that loss follows gain;
  decay follows vigor
  and that violence is not consistent with the Tao;
  Then that which is inconsistent with the Tao;
  Must in time; perish。
  31
  ARMS AND WEAPONS
  Arms and weapons;
  Being instruments of destruction; Are despised by all。
  They are avoided by followers of the Tao。
  As instruments of evil; they are spurned by good leaders;
  Being used with calm restraint only when no other choice prevails。
  A good leader does not regard victory with rejoicing;
  For to delight in victory is to delight
  in the slaughter of people。
  To delight in slaughter is to fail
  in one's purpose。
  In ancient social custom …
  The left is the place of honor
  for ceremonies at home。
  At war; the place of honor is at the right。
  Thus;
  Good omen and happy occasions favor the left。
  Ill omen and such sad occasions as
  funeral rites; favor the right。
  Observe then with grief and sorrow the slaughter
  accompanying victory of arms; for;
  Victory of arms and funeral ceremony
  truly share the same rite。
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  THE UNCARVED BLOCK
  The Tao; eternal and nameless;
  Is as an uncarved block …
  Seemingly simple and insignificant;
  Is inferior to nothing under the heavens。
  If leaders were to embrace it within their own true natures;
  Loyalty would come to them as effortlessly as
  heaven and earth send the rains and dew。
  There being no compulsion;
  All would be in harmony。
  Carving the block creates identity。
  Identity causes names。
  Names cause differentiation and distinction …
  Harmony ceases。
  Thus;
  As names are perceived …
  As distinctions among people arise …
  Stop!
  Knowing when to stop; danger may be avoided。
  Tao in the affairs of the world is as natural as the rivers seeking the seas。
  33
  KNOWING ONESELF
  To know and understand others; Is to have wisdom。
  To know and understand oneself; Is to have wisdom and enlightenment。
  To conquer others; Is to have physical force。
  To conquer oneself; Is to have physical force as well as internal strength。
  To be content with what one has; Is to be rich indeed。
  To act with perseverance; Is to be strong willed。
  To preserve one's natural essence; Is to endure。
  To die; Is not to perish。
  One's eternal presence is true longevity。
  34
  GREATNESS
  The great Tao; flowing everywhere;
  May go this way or that;
  To the left or to the right。
  All Things depending upon it for existence;
  It is generous; no grace is withheld。
  Silently and freely fulfilling its purpose and destiny;
  It lays no possessive claim。
  Nourishing and protecting All Things;
  It has no desire to be master over them。
  Without desire; asking for nothing;
  Some may call it 〃The Small〃。
  However; All Things belonging and returning to it …
  Tho' it lays no claim to master them;
  It is called 〃The Great〃。
  Thus the Sage
  Never making a show of greatness …
  Manifests true greatness。
  35
  TAO PRESENCE
  Tao presence in mind;
  Quietude; comfort and harmony appear。
  As music pleasures the soul …
  As fine food delights the senses …
  Passing strangers take note; pause to enjoy。
  Compare then the Tao …
  Flavorless to the taste。
  Unseen to the eye。
  Unheard to the ear。
  Tho' using it … it is inexhaustible。
  36
  THE SUBTLE LAW
  Expansion grows from contraction。
  Strength grows from weakness。
  Construction grows from destruction。
  Receiving grows from giving。
  Being the subtle law of nature;
  Softness and gentleness overcome the hard and the strong。
  As fish are preserved by hiding in the deep;
  Preserve your weapons of survival from the view of the Idle Curious。
  37
  NEVER DOING
  Tao never does; Yet through it; All Things are done。
  If leaders observed this; All would develop naturally。
  Desire for active doing would be restrained by the inherent simplicity of Tao。
  Being free of desire; Stillness and tranquility reign。
  Of itself; All Things are at peace。
  38
  THE SUBSTANTIAL AND THE SUPERFICIAL
  The person known to have superior Te;
  Has it as a result of natural instinct。
  Possessing true virtue; acting naturally … never overtly;
  Has no inner need to be regarded as virtuous。
  The person known to have inferior Te;
  Needs to make an overt display of virtue。 Being in truth without Te … acts with overt display;
  So to appear virtuous to others。
  The person known to have superior kindness and humanity;
  Acts effortlessly; with natural instincts。
  The person known to have a superior sense of strict justice and righteousness;
  Needs to act with overt display of power。
  The person known to favor strict adherence to rite; ritual and ceremony;
  When taking action and failing to obtain a response;
  Attempts to force adherence; using violence
  Sequentially: If people stray from the Tao; They tend to emphasize Te。
  If Te is lost; They will rely on kindness and humanity。
  That being lost; Strict justice and righteousness appear。
  That; being of no effect; Resort to rite; ritual and ceremony。
  Rite; ritual and ceremony are the mere shell of true faith and loyalty …
  The beginnings of disorder; chaos and confusion。
  These human characteristics; being merely a superficial aspect of one's true essence;
  Are a beginning of folly。
  Thus the Sage:
  Knowing what to accept and what to reject …
  Dwells upon the substantial;
  Not upon the superficial。
  Upon the fruit; not the flower。
  39
  THE UNIFIED WHOLE
  From ancient times; there was an understanding of All Things as a unified whole;
  Arising as from one。
  Understanding and possessing this unity:
  … Heaven attains purity and clarity。
  … Earth attains stability and tranquility。
  … Spirit attains life and essence。
  … Valley attains fullness and fruitfulness。
  … All Things attain creative life and growth。
  … Leaders attain responsiveness。
  All this … arising as from one; Is the true nature of things。。
  Were it not for:
  … Purity and clarity; the heavens would cease。
  … Stability and tranquility; the earth would crumble。
  … Fullness and fruitfulness; The valley would become a barren desert。
  … Creative life and growth; All Things would become extinct。
  … Responsiveness to leadership; The leader would fail and his subjects suffer。
  The humble is the stem upon which the exalted grows。
  The lowly is the foundation for the mighty。
  Leaders of old; recognizing their dependence upon the lowly and humble for their success;
  Called themselves orphaned; needy; worthless。
  True understanding; as is the chariot;
  Is not recognizable or useful as such; from its parts;
  Its recognition and use coming from its assemblage into a unified whole。
  A true Leader will not spoil the unity of his empire;
  By putting himself far above his subjects。
  He will not jingle rare jade bells in front of his subjects;
  Who themselves possess mere common stone chimes。
  40
  THE NON…BEING
  Returning to what was in the beginning;
  Is the action of Tao。
  Gentleness and yielding is the manner in which
  Tao functions and employs itself。
  All Things emanate from Being;
  And being; most certainly emanates from
  Non…Being。
  41
  HOW IT MAY SEEM
  A wise person; hearing of the Tao;
  Lets it become a central focus of life。
  A mediocre person; hearing of the Tao;
  Keeps to it or not; as the occasion; may suggest。
  An inferior person; hearing of the Tao; Laughs aloud at it。
  Truly; being inferior; had he failed to laugh at it …
  It most certainly would not be worthy to be called the Tao。
  Hence it is said:
  … The bright way may seem dimly lit。
  … The way ahead may seem like a retreat。
  … The straight way may seem to be wavy and crooked。
  … The highest virtue may seem to be devoid of substance。
  … The pure may seem to be tarnished。
  … The greatest Te may seem inadequate。
  … The sturdiest Te may appear to be flimsy。
  … The natural way may appear contaminated。
  …