第 304 节
作者:九米      更新:2021-02-19 21:31      字数:8741
  Gain can be had from somethingness;
  But use can be had from nothingness。
  12
  The five colors blind the eye。
  The five notes deafen the ear。
  The five flavors dull the taste。
  Racing an hunting madden the heart。
  Rare goods make men falter。
  Therefore the sage
  Tends to the belly not the eye。
  He rejects the outward;
  Clasps the inward。
  13
  Favor and disgrace: same fear。
  Honor and distress: same self。
  What is meant by
  〃Favor and disgrace: same fear〃?
  Favor make the lowly
  Fearful when they get it;
  Fearful when they lose it。
  That's why favor and disgrace are the same fear。
  What is meant by
  〃Honor and distress: same self〃?
  The self registers our distress:
  If we have no self;
  We have no distress。
  Therefore;
  He who values all things as his self
  Is fit to manage all things。
  He who loves all things as his self
  Is fit to be trusted with all things。
  14
  Look at it; you can't see it:
  Call it shapeless。
  Listen to it: you can't hear it:
  Call it soundless。
  Grasp at it; you can't hold it:
  Call it bodiless。
  These three are beyond scrutiny;
  Therefore they blend into one。
  Its upped side it not bright;
  Its lower side is not dark。
  Continually the can't…be…named goes on
  And comes back to nothingness。
  Call it the formless form;
  The imageless image;
  The obscure。
  From in front; you don't see its head。
  From behind; you don't see its back。
  But hold onto the Tao of old
  And you can handle today's nowness。
  Knowing the primal is the key to Tao。
  15
  The ancient masters were
  Inwardly subtle and darkly perceptive。
  Their depth was beyond understanding。
  Because they were beyond understanding;
  They can be described only by appearance:
  Hesitant as if wading a river in winter;
  Reluctant as if fearing a neighbor;
  Reserved as if acting as guest;
  Effacing like ice starting to melt;
  Simple like uncarved wood;
  Open like a valley;
  Confused like muddy water。
  Who else could clear muddy water
  By quieting it?
  Who else could move clear water
  By bringing it to life?
  Whoever keeps to Tao
  Does not want to be full。
  Not full; he can practice
  Concealment instead of accomplishment。
  16
  Attain utmost emptiness;
  Hold firm to stillness。
  The ten thousand things stir about;
  I only watch for their going back。
  Things flourish;
  But each returns to its root。
  Returning to the root is peace
  And peace is going back to reality。
  To go back to reality is to be constant。
  To know the constant is to find insight;
  Not to know the constant is to court calamity。
  To know the constant is to be broad。
  To be broad is to be just。
  To be just is to be manly。
  To be manly is to be heavenly。
  To be heavenly is to find Tao。
  To find Tao is to live forever
  And to rob danger from death。
  17
  Of the best ruler;
  The people only know he exists。
  Next comes one the love and praise。
  Next comes one they fear。
  Next comes one they abhor。
  When you are lacking in trust;
  Others have no trust in you。
  Of the work of one who is short with his words;
  The hundred families say;
  We have done it ourselves!
  18
  When Tao is cast aside;
  Duty and humanity abide。
  When prudence and wit appear;
  Great hypocrites are here。
  When the six relations have no point;
  Filial piety and paternal love are taught。
  When the countryside is out of joint;
  Loyalty and allegiance are man's lot。
  19
  Give up wisdom; abandon knowledge;
  And the people will benefit a hundredfold。
  Give up benevolence; abandon righteousness;
  And the people will go back to natural affection。
  Give up cunning; abandon gain;
  And robbers and thieves will disappear。
  These external rules are not enough。
  Hold to what can be counted on:
  Keep to simplicity;
  Grasp the primal;
  Reduce the self;
  And curb desire。
  20
  Give up learning:
  You will no anxieties。
  How much difference is there
  Between ah and oh?
  How much difference is there
  Between god and evil?
  What men fear
  Must I fear?
  Utter nonsense!
  All men are happy happy;
  As if consuming sacrificial feasts;
  As if mounting the Spring Terrace。
  I alone am mild
  Like one who gives no sign;
  Like an infant who does not smile;
  Forlorn like one with no place to go。
  All men have plenty;
  I alone am a loser
  A fool at heart indeed!
  The world's people are bright bright;
  I alone am dull dull。
  The world's people are smart smart;
  I alone am low low;
  Bland as the sea;
  Aimless as the wind。
  All men have their uses;
  I alone am stubborn and uncouth。
  But I differ most from the others
  In prizing food drawn from my Mother。
  21
  The nature of great virtue
  is to follow Tao alone。
  And Tao's style is elusive; evasive。
  Evasive; elusive
  Yet within it is form。
  elusive; evasive;
  Yet within it is substance。
  Dark and dim;
  Yet within it is vitality;
  Its vitality is very real:
  Within it is trust。
  From of old
  Its name has not ceased;
  For it has watched all beginnings。
  How can all beginnings be known?
  Inward light!
  22
  Twist and get whole。
  Bend and get straight。
  Be empty and get filled。
  Be worn and get renewed。
  Have little: get much。
  Have much: get baffled。
  Therefore the sage
  Holds to the One and
  Becomes beneath…heaven's model。
  He does not show himself;
  Hence he shines。
  Does not assert himself;
  Hence he is seen。
  Does not boast his merits;
  Hence he survives。
  Does not compete with anyone;
  Hence no one beneath heaven
  Can compete with him。
  The old saying;
  The twisted shall be made whole
  Is it not true?
  Be whole and you will return。
  23
  Nature speaks little。
  Squalls do not last the morning
  Nor downpours the day。
  What stirs them up
  Heaven…and…earth!
  Even heaven…and…earth
  Does not long make a fuss。
  How much less should men!
  Therefore;
  He who follows Tao is one with Tao。
  He who follows virtue is one with virtue。
  He who courts loss is one with his losses。
  Tao is glad to get whoever comes to Tao。
  Virtue is glad to get whoever comes to virtue。
  Loss is glad to get whoever comes to loss。
  When you are lacking in trust;
  Others have no trust in you。
  24
  On tiptoe you don't stand。
  Astride you don't walk。
  Showing yourself; you don't shine。
  Asserting yourself; you don't show。
  Boasting yourself won't get you credit。
  Vaunting yourself won't let you endure。
  In Tao; these things are called
  Tumors and dregs; which all things abhor。
  Whoever has Tao does not dwell on them。
  25
  Something there is without form and complete;
  Born before heaven and earth;
  Solitary and vast;
  Standing alone without change;
  Everywhere pervading all things;
  Mothering all beneath heaven。
  I don't know its name;
  I style it Tao;
  And for want of a name call it great。
  To be great is to go on。
  To go on is to be far。
  To be far is to return。
  Therefore;
  Tao is great。
  Earth is great。
  Man is great。
  The universe has four greats;
  And man is one of them。
  Man follows earth;
  Earth follows heaven;
  Heaven follows Tao;
  Tao follows itself。
  26
  The solid is the root of the light;
  The still is the master of the restless。
  Therefore;
  The sage travels all day
  But never leaves the baggage wagon。
  Though there are arresting sights;
  He does not stir but sits。
  Why does the master of ten thousand chariots
  Act lightly to all beneath heaven?
  Lightness will uproot him;
  Restlessness unman him。
  27
  Good walkers leave no tracks:
  Good speakers make no points;
  Good reckoners use no counters。
  Good lockers turn no keys;
  Yet no one opens their locks。
  Good binders tie no ropes;
  Yet no one undoes their knots。
  What is more;
  The sage is always good at saving men:
  No one is cast out。
  He is also good at saving things:
  No thing is cast out。
  Call this following the light。
  Hence good men teach the not good。
  Not…good men are the lessons of the good。
  Not to esteem the teacher;
  Not to love the lesson;
  Is to go astray despite great learning。
  Call this the subtle secret。
  28
  Know the masculine;
  Keep to the feminine。
  Be beneath…heaven's ravine。
  To be beneath…heaven's ravine
  Is to stay with unceasing virtue
  And return to infancy。
  Know the white;
  Keep to the black。
  Be beneath…heaven's model。
  To beneath…heaven's valley
  Is to stay with abundant virtue