第 251 节
作者:九米      更新:2021-02-19 21:30      字数:8896
  10
  When carrying on your head your perplexed bodily soul
  Can you embrace in your arms the One and not let go?
  In concentrating your breath can you become as supple
  As a babe?
  Can you polish your mysterious mirror
  And leave no blemish?
  Can you love the people and govern the state
  Without resorting to action?
  When the gates of heaven open and shut
  Are you capable of keeping to the role of the female?
  When your discernment penetrates the four quarters
  Are you capable of not knowing anything?
  It gives them life and rears them。
  It gives them life yet claims no possession;
  It benefits them yet exacts no gratitude;
  It is the steward yet exercises no authority。
  Such is called the mysterious virtue。
  11
  Thirty spokes share one hub。
  Adapt the nothing therein to the purpose in hand; and you will havethe use of the cart。
  Knead clay in order to make a vessel。
  Adapt the nothing therein to the purpose in hand; and you will havethe use of the vessel。
  Cut out doors and windows in order to make a room。
  Adapt the nothing therein to the purpose in hand; and you will havethe use of the room。
  Thus what we gain is Something; yet it is by virtue of Nothing thatthis can be put to use。
  12
  The five colors make man's eyes blind;
  The five notes make his ears deaf;
  The five tastes injure his palate;
  Riding and hunting
  Make his mind go wild with excitement;
  Goods hard to come by
  Serve to hinder his progress。
  Hence the sage is
  For the belly
  Not for the eye。
  Therefore he discards the one and takes the other。
  13
  Favor and disgrace are things that startle;
  High rank is; like one's body; a source of great trouble。
  What is meant by saying favor and disgrace are things that startle?
  Favor when it is bestowed on a subject serves to startle as much aswhen it is withdrawn。
  This is what is meant by saying that favor and disgrace are thingsthat startle。
  What is meant by saying that high rank is; like one's body; a sourceof great trouble?
  The reason I have great trouble is that I have a body。
  When I no longer have a body; what trouble have I?
  Hence he who values his body more than dominion over the empire canbe entrusted with the empire。
  He who loves his body more than dominion over the empire can be giventhe custody of the empire。
  14
  What cannot be seen is called evanescent;
  What cannot be heard is called rarefied;
  What cannot be touched is called minute。
  These three cannot be fathomed
  And so they are confused and looked upon as one。
  Its upper part is not dazzling;
  Its lower part is not obscure。
  Dimly visible; it cannot be named
  And returns to that which is without substance。
  This is called the shape that has no shape;
  The image that is without substance。
  This is called indistinct and shadowy。
  Go up to it and you will not see its head;
  Follow behind it and you will not see its rear。
  Hold fast to the way of antiquity
  In order to keep in control the realm of today。
  The ability to know the beginning of antiquity
  Is called the thread running through the way。
  15
  Of old he who was well versed in the way
  Was minutely subtle; mysteriously comprehending;
  And too profound to be known。
  It is because he could not be known
  That he can only be given a makeshift description:
  Tentative; as if fording a river in winter;
  Hesitant; as if in fear of his neighbors;
  Formal like a guest;
  Falling apart like the thawing ice;
  Thick like the uncarved block;
  Vacant like a valley;
  Murky like muddy water。
  Who can be muddy and yet; settling; slowly become limpid?
  Who can be at rest and yet; stirring; slowly come to life?
  He who holds fast to this way
  Desires not to be full。
  It is because he is not full
  That he can be worn and yet newly made。
  16
  I do my utmost to attain emptiness;
  I hold firmly to stillness。
  The myriad creatures all rise together
  And I watch their return。
  The teaming creatures
  All return to their separate roots。
  Returning to one's roots is known as stillness。
  This is what is meant by returning to one's destiny。
  Returning to one's destiny is known as the constant。
  Knowledge of the constant is known as discernment。
  Woe to him who wilfully innovates
  While ignorant of the constant;
  But should one act from knowledge of the constant
  One's action will lead to impartiality;
  Impartiality to kingliness;
  Kingliness to heaven;
  Heaven to the way;
  The way to perpetuity;
  And to the end of one's days one will meet with no danger。
  17
  The best of all rulers is but a shadowy presence to his subjects。
  Next comes the ruler they love and praise;
  Next comes one they fear;
  Next comes one with whom they take liberties。
  When there is not enough faith; there is lack of good faith。
  Hesitant; he does not utter words lightly。
  When his task is accomplished and his work done
  The people all say; 'It happened to us naturally。'
  18
  When the great way falls into disuse
  There are benevolence and rectitude;
  When cleverness emerges
  There is great hypocrisy;
  When the six relations are at variance
  There are filial children;
  When the state is benighted
  There are loyal ministers。
  19
  Exterminate learning and there will no longer be worries。
  Exterminate the sage; discard the wise;
  And the people will benefit a hundredfold;
  Exterminate benevolence; discard rectitude;
  And the people will again be filial;
  Exterminate ingenuity; discard profit;
  And there will be no more thieves and bandits。
  These three; being false adornments; are not enough
  And the people must have something to which they can attach themselves:
  Exhibit the unadorned and embrace the uncarved block;
  Have little thought of self and as few desires as possible。
  20
  Between yea and nay
  How much difference is there?
  Between good and evil
  How great is the distance?
  What others fear
  One must also fear。
  The multitude are joyous
  As if partaking of the offering
  Or going up to a terrace in spring。
  I alone am inactive and reveal no signs;
  And wax without having reached the limit。
  Like a baby that has not yet learned to smile;
  Listless as though with no home to go back to。
  The multitude all have more than enough。
  I alone seem to be in want。
  My mind is that of a fool … how blank!
  Vulgar people are clear。
  I alone am drowsy。
  Vulgar people are alert。
  I alone am muddled。
  Calm like the sea;
  Like a high wind that never ceases。
  The multitude all have a purpose。
  I alone am foolish and uncouth。
  I alone am different from others
  And value being fed by the mother。
  21
  In his every movement a man of great virtue
  Follows the way and the way only。
  As a thing the way is
  Shadowy and indistinct。
  Indistinct and shadowy;
  Yet within it is an image;
  Shadowy and indistinct;
  Yet within it is a substance。
  Dim and dark;
  Yet within it is an essence。
  This essence is quite genuine
  And within it is something that can be tested。
  From the present back to antiquity;
  Its name never deserted it。
  It serves as a means for inspecting the fathers of the multitude。
  How do I know that the fathers of the multitude are like that?
  By means of this。
  22
  Bowed down then preserved;
  Bent then straight;
  Hollow then full;
  Worn then new;
  A little then benefited;
  A lot then perplexed。
  Therefore the sage embraces the One and is a model for the empire。
  He does not show himself; and so is conspicuous;
  He does not consider himself right; and so is illustrious;
  He does not brag; and so has merit;
  He does not boast; and so endures。
  It is because he does not contend that no one in the empire is in aposition to contend with him。
  The way the ancients had it; 'Bowed down then preserved'; is no emptysaying。
  Truly it enables one to be preserved to the end。
  23
  To use words but rarely
  Is to be natural。
  Hence a gusty wind cannot last all morning; and a sudden downpour cannotlast all day。
  Who is it that produces these? Heaven and earth。
  If even heaven and earth cannot go on forever; much less can man。
  That is why one follows the way。
  A man of the way conforms to the way;
  A man of virtue conforms to virtue;
  A man of loss conforms to loss。
  He who conforms to the way is gladly accepted by the way;
  He who conforms to virtue is gladly accepted by virtue;
  He who conforms to loss is gladly accepted by loss。
  When there is not enough faith; there is lack of good faith。
  24
  He who tiptoes cannot stand; he who strid