第 222 节
作者:九米      更新:2021-02-19 21:30      字数:8884
  though slow; it plans skillfully。
  The net of Heaven is vast;
  It has large meshes; but it lets nothing escape。
  74
  Since the people do not fear death;
  What is it for to frighten them with death?
  If the people fear death and I can catch and kill those who make trouble;
  Who dares to make trouble?
  There is always someone who is in charge of inflicting death。
  Inflicting death in place of those who are in charge of it can be described as hewing wood in place of a skillful carpenter。
  Of those who hew wood in place of skillful carpenters; few have not cut their own hands。
  75
  The people suffer from famine because too many of the taxes are swallowed by their rulers。
  Thus they suffer from famine。
  The people are difficult to rule because their rulers are fond of taking action。
  Thus they are difficult to rule。
  The people take risks with their lives because the rulers take good care of their own lives。
  Thus the people are forced to risk their lives。
  Those who do not value their lives are wiser than those who overvalue their lives。
  76
  Man ahs a soft and weak body when he is alive;
  Whereas his body becomes hard and rigid after his death。
  All things; grasses and trees have tender twigs and branches when they are alive;
  Whereas they become dry and withered when they are dead。
  Therefore the hard and strong belong to death;
  Whereas the soft and weak belong to life。
  Thus the armed forces will be shattered when they become strong;
  And trees will be broken when they grow strong。
  The hard and strong are in the inferior position;
  And the soft and weak are in the superior position。
  77
  Does not he Way (Tao) of Heaven resemble drawing a bow (and aiming an arrow at the target)?
  When it is high; it will be brought down;
  When it is low; it will be raised up;
  When it is overfull; it will be diminished;
  And when it is not full; it will be supplemented。
  It is the Way of Heaven to diminish the excessive; so as to supplement the deficient。
  This is not so with the Way of man …
  It takes away from those who have not enough so as to supply those who have superabundance。
  Who can supply all the people under Heaven by diminishing the excessive?
  Only the man who has 〃Tao。〃
  Therefore the sage promotes all things; but does not think the effort as his own;
  Achieves merit; but does not claim credit for himself;
  And does not wish to parade his wisdom and ability。
  78
  Nothing under Heaven is softer and weaker than water;
  But in attacking the hard and strong; no force can compare with it;
  For nothing can take its place。
  The reason why the weak can overcome the strong and the soft can overcome the heard is known to all the people under Heaven;
  But none would follow and practice it。
  Therefore the sage said:
  He who bears humiliation of the whole state can be the sovereign of the country。
  He who bears the disaster of the whole state can be the king of all under Heaven。
  Positive words seem to be negative。
  79
  When an attempt has been made to reconcile two sides in a great enmity; and there is surely some enmity remaining;
  How can this be a good thing?
  So; although the sage hold the counterfoil of receipt;
  He does not force the debtor to pay back。
  The moral man is as calm and unhurried as a bookkeeper is;
  And the immoral man is as calculating as a rent collector is (while he is collecting the rent)。
  The Tao of Heaven has no partiality for any reason; and always helps the good man。
  80
  Let the state be small; and let the population be sparse。
  Though there are various kinds of instruments; let them not be used;
  Let the people not risk their lives; not move to distant places;
  Though there be boats and carriages;
  There is no occasion to ride in them;
  Though there are weapons and military equipment;
  There is no occasion to display them。
  Let the people return to the use of knotted cord sin recording events; delight in their food; dress in beauty; dwell in comfort; and enjoy their life。
  The neighbouring states are within sight of each other; and the cries of roosters and dogs can be heard by one another;
  But the people do not have any contact with each other until they die of old age。
  81
  Sincere words are not fine;
  Fine words are not sincere。
  A good man is not eloquent;
  An eloquent man is not good。
  He who knows does not show off his learning;
  He who shows off his learning does not know。
  The sage has nothing to reserve。
  He gains more since he does his utmost to help others;
  And gets richer since he gives all to others。
  The Tao of Heaven is beneficial to all things; but not harmful。
  The Tao of the sage is to compete against nobody in what he does。
  English_Kline_TTK
  Das Tao Te King von Lao Tse
  English by
  A。 S。 Kline; 2003
  1
  The Way … cannot be told。
  TheName … cannot be named。
  The nameless is the Way of Heaven and Earth。
  The named is Matrix of the Myriad Creatures。
  Eliminate desire to find the Way。
  Embrace desire to know the Creature。
  The two are identical;
  But differ in name as they arise。
  Identical they are called mysterious;
  Mystery on mystery;
  The gate of many secrets。
  2
  The world knows beauty as beauty;
  So there is then ugliness。
  The world knows good as good;
  So there is then the bad。
  As is and is…not create each other;
  The hard and easy define each other;
  The long and short delimit each other;
  The high and low depend on each other;
  Voice and music harmonise with each other;
  Last and next follow each other。
  So the wise adhere to action through non…action;
  And communicate the teaching without words。
  From the Way come the myriad creatures
  Yet it imposes no authority。
  It gives them life without possession。
  It benefits them but asks no thanks。
  It does its work but claims no merit。
  Because it claims no merit
  Merit is never lacking in it。
  3
  Don抰 give honours to the worthy;
  Protect people from ambition。
  Don抰 value scarce things;
  Protect the people from envy。
  Don抰 show what抯 desired;
  Keep people from temptation。
  So; in governing; the wise
  Empty the mind
  But fill the stomach;
  Weaken ambition
  But strengthen the bones;
  Keep things free of
  Desire and learning;
  So the clever take no action。
  Act without taking action
  And things will be in order。
  4
  The Way is full: use won抰 empty it。
  Deep is the matrix of the myriad creatures。
  Blunt the sharp:
  Loosen the knots:
  Dim the glare:
  Follow old tracks。
  Shadowy; it seems hardly there。
  I don抰 know whose child it is。
  It seems like the ancestral form。
  5
  Heaven and earth are ruthless;
  Trampling the myriad creatures like straw dogs。
  The wise are ruthless;
  Considering the people as straw dogs。
  The space between earth and heaven;
  Isn抰 it like a bellows?
  It抯 empty but never exhausted。
  The more it works the more flows out。
  Much speech leads in the end to silence。
  Better to hold fast to the Void。
  6
  The spirit of the valley never dies。
  It is called the mysterious female。
  The gate of the mysterious female
  Is called the root of heaven and earth。
  Barely seen; it hardly seems there;
  Yet use will never exhaust it。
  7
  Heaven and Earth endure;
  By not endowing themselves with life。
  Then they can be long…lived。
  So the wise place Self last;
  And it comes first;
  Call it other than themselves;
  And it persists。
  By not thinking of Self
  The personal goal is achieved。
  8
  The highest virtue is like water。
  Since water helps the myriad creatures;
  And settles; without contention;
  Where no one wishes to live;
  It is near to the Way。
  In a house position matters。
  In mental quality depth matters。
  In friends kindness matters。
  In speaking honesty matters。
  In government order matters。
  In transactions ability matters。
  In actions promptness matters。
  By not contending it never errs。
  9
  Rather than filling it overfull
  Better to stop in time。
  Sharpen it to a point
  The edge won抰 last forever。
  Gold and jade may fill the house
  But no one can retain them。
  Boasting of wealth and virtue;
  Brings trouble on oneself。
  Reticence when the job is done;
  Is the Way of heaven。
  10
  Carrying your spiritual body on your head
  Can you embrace the One and not let go?
  Concentrating the breath
  Can you become supple as a child?
  Can you polish the mysterious mirror
  And leave no mark?
  Can you love the people and rule the state
  Without indulging in action?
  When the gates of heaven open and close;
  Can you keep to t