第 219 节
作者:九米      更新:2021-02-19 21:30      字数:8983
  He who knows himself is enlightened。
  He who conquers others can be called physically strong;
  He who conquers himself is mighty。
  He who is content is rich;
  He who acts with persistence has will;
  He who does not lose his root will endure;
  He who dies physically; but preserves Tao will enjoy a long life。
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  The great Tao is like a river overflowing;
  It can go left; it can go right。
  All things owe their existence to it;
  But it never interferes with them。
  When its work is accomplished; it is unable to say where its credit is。
  It protects and nourishes; but it does not claim to be master over them。
  Always without its desire; it may be called small。
  All things come to it as their home;
  And yet it does not pose as their master。
  It may be called great。
  It is precisely because it never claims to be great; that it can achieve its greatness。
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  Whoever holds fast to the great image will become that one to whom all people under Heaven will come。
  (Even if all people under Heaven) come to him they will not hinder each other;
  And all enjoy comfort; peace and health。
  Music and dainties will make passing guests stop;
  (But) Tao; if spoken out; will be insipid and tasteless。
  Being looked at; it is imperceptible;
  Being listened to; it is inaudible;
  Being utilized; it is inexhaustible。
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  In order to contract it; it is necessary to expand it for the time being。
  In order to weaken it; it is necessary to strengthen it for the time being。
  In order to destroy it; it is necessary to promote it for the time being。
  In order to grasp it; it is necessary to give to it for the time being。
  This is called profound insight (and also the reason why) the soft and the weak overcome the hard and the strong。
  (Just like) fish cannot be taken away from deep water;
  Effective weapons of the state cannot be easily displayed to others。
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  Tao invariably does nothing;
  And yet there is nothing left undone。
  If kings and princes can preserve it;
  All things will submit to them spontaneously。
  (After their) submission if any desires occur;
  I should subdue them with the nameless simplicity。
  The nameless simplicity is nothing but eradication of desires。
  Eradication of desires will lead to quietude。
  Thus the world will naturally find its equilibrium。
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  The superior virtue does not show itself in formal virtue;
  In this way it really possesses virtue。
  The inferior virtue rigidly sticks to formal virtue;
  In this way it loses virtue。
  The superior virtue takes no action to show itself; and need not do so purposefully。
  The inferior virtue takes action to show itself; and does so purposefully。
  The superior benevolence takes action to show itself; and does so on purpose。
  The superior righteousness takes action to show itself; and does so on purpose。
  The superior propriety takes action to show itself;
  And when it gets no response; it will stretch its arms and retaliate。
  Therefore; only when Tao is lost does De arise;
  Only when De is lost does benevolence arise;
  Only when benevolence is lost does righteousness arise;
  Only when righteousness is lost does propriety arise。
  The thing that is called propriety is really the want of loyalty and faithfulness and the beginning of disorder。
  The thing that is called foresight is really the ornament of Tao and the beginning of ignorance。
  For this reason the great man dwells in the thick and keeps away from the thin;
  He dwells in plainness and keeps away from the ornament。
  Therefore he rejects the latter and accepts the former。
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  From of old those that attained one principle (Tao)…
  Heaven attained the One and became clear;
  Earth attained the One and became tranquil;
  Spirits attained the One and became divine;
  Valleys attained the One and became full;
  All things attained the One and became luxuriant;
  Kings and princes attained the One and became heads of the kingdom。
  What they strove to achieve was fulfilled by the principle (the One)。
  If Heaven couldn't have become clear it would soon crack。
  If Earth couldn't have become tranquil it would soon be shaken。
  If spirits couldn't have become divine they would soon perish。
  If valleys couldn't have become luxuriant they would soon be extinct。
  If kings and princes couldn't have maintained their majesty and nobility they would soon lose their kingdoms and states。
  Therefore the noble takes the humble as it root;
  And the high takes the low as its ground。
  Just for this reason kings and princes call themselves the orphaned; the solitary and the unworthy。
  Is it not regarding the humble as the root of the noble?
  Is it not so?
  Therefore to seek too much honour means to lose honour wholly。
  So neither the noble jade; nor the humble rocks should one strive to be。
  40
  Reversion is the movement of Tao;
  Weakness is the function of Tao。
  All things under Heaven come into being from (visible) concrete beings;
  An all beings come into being from invisible nonexistence (Tao)。
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  When the highest shi hear Tao; they diligently practice it。
  When the average shi hear Tao; they half believe it。
  When the lowest shi hear Tao; (thinking it empty) they laugh greatly at it。
  If they didn't laugh; it would be contrary to Tao。
  Therefore there are some old sayings:
  〃The Tao that is bright seems to be dark;
  The Tao that goes forward seems to retreat;
  The Tao that is level seems to be uneven;
  The lofty De (Virtue) looks like a humble valley;
  The greatest glory looks like disgrace;
  The greatest De looks insufficient;
  The vigorous De looks inert;
  The simple purity looks changeable;
  The great square has no corners;
  The valuable vessel is always completed lastly;
  The greatest sound sounds faint;
  The greatest form looks formless。〃
  Tao is hidden and nameless;
  It is only Tao that initiates all beings and brings them to completion。
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  Tao gives birth to the unified thing (One);
  The One splits itself into two opposite aspects (Two);
  The Two gives birth to another (Three);
  The newborn Third produces a myriad of things。
  The myriad of things contain the Yin and Yang within themselves as opposite forces;
  Both of them (Yin and Yang) are unified with harmony in the invisible breath。
  People disdain the 〃orphaned;〃 〃solitary〃 or 〃unworthy;〃
  And yet they are the very names by which kings and dukes call themselves。
  Therefore all things may increase when purposely diminished;
  And they may diminish when increased。
  What people teach each other; I also teach:
  〃The violent and strong does not die his natural death;〃
  I will make that fact the beginning of my teaching。
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  The softest thing under Heaven is able to run in and out of the hardest。
  The invisible force is able to penetrate that in which there is no crevice。
  Thereby I come to know the advantage of doing nothing。
  The instructiveness of not speaking and the benefits of nonaction are incomparable under Heaven。
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  Which is more dear to me; credit or life?
  Which is more valuable; life or wealth?
  Which is more harmful; gain or loss?
  Therefore the excessive stint must cause enormous expenses;
  The rich hoard must suffer a serious loss。
  Whoever is contented will meet no disgrace;
  Whoever knows when and where to stop will meet no danger;
  And he is able to endure long without worry。
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  What is most perfect seems to be incomplete;
  But its utility cannot be impaired。
  What is most full seems to be empty;
  But its utility cannot be exhausted。
  The most straight seems to be crooked;
  The greatest skill seems to be clumsy;
  The greatest eloquence seems to stammer。
  Rapid walking overcomes cold;
  Being quiet overcomes heat。
  By remaining quiet and tranquil; one will be the chief under Heaven。
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  When state politics are on the right track; war horses are used in farming。
  When state politics are off track; even mares with foal have to be used in battle。
  There is no calamity greater than discontentment。
  There is no guilt greater than covetousness。
  Therefore the contentment with knowing contentment is always contented。
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  Without going out of the door; one can now things under Heaven。
  Without looking through the window; one can see the Way (Tao) of Heaven。
  The farther one goes; the less one knows。
  Therefore the sage knows without going through;
  Understands without seeing;
  And accomplishes without doing anything。
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  The pursuit of learning is to increase (knowledge) day after day。
  The pursuit of Tao is to decrease (knowledge) day after day。
  Decreasing and decreasing again; till one has reached nonaction (wu…wei)。
  Nonaction and yet there is nothing that is not done by