第 216 节
作者:九米      更新:2021-02-19 21:30      字数:8891
  If you are brave in being daring; You will be killed。
  If you are brave in not being daring; you will preserve life。
  With these two things; in one case there is profit;
  In the other there is harm。
  The things that Heaven hates … Who knows why?
  The Tao of Heaven is not to fight
  And yet to be good at winning …
  Not to speak; and yet to respond with skills …
  Not to summon it; yet to let it come on its own …
  To be at ease and yet to plan with care。
  the Even age is unsure of this。
  Heaven's net casts wide。
  Though its meshes are course;
  nothing slips through。
  74
  Tyranny
  If the people were constant in their behaviour
  and yet did not fear to die;
  How could you use execution to threaten them?
  If you brought it about that the people
  were constant in their behaviour
  en moreover feared to die;
  And we took those who behaved in abnormal ways
  and killed them …
  Who would dare act in this way?
  If the people are constant and moreover necessarily fear to die;
  Then we constantly have one in charge of executions。
  Now killing people in place of the one in charge of executions;
  This is like cutting wood in place of the master carpenter。
  And of those who cut wood in the place of the master carpenter; only few do not hurt their hands。
  75
  Extremis
  The reason why people starve;
  Is because they take so much in tax…grain。
  Therefore the people are starving。
  The reason why the common people cannot be ruled;
  Is because their superiors have their reasons for acting。
  Therefore they cannot be ruled。
  The reason why people take death lightly;
  Is because they so avidly seek after life。
  Therefore the people take death lightly。
  Only those who do not act for the purpose of living …
  Only those are superior to those who value life。
  76
  Flexability
  When people are born; they are supple and soft;
  When they die; they end up stretched and stiff;
  When the ten thousand things; grasses and trees are alive;
  They are supple and pliant;
  When they are death they are withered and dried out。
  Therefore we say that the firm and rigid
  are the companions of death;
  While the supple; the soft; the weak and the delicate
  are the companions of life。
  If a soldier is rigid; he will not win;
  If a tree is rigid; it will come to its end。
  Rigidity and power occupy the inferior position;
  Suppleness; softness; weakness and delicateness
  77
  Balance
  The Tao of Heaven is like the bending of a bow。
  The high it presses down; and the low it raises up。
  To those with a surplus; it takes away;
  To those without enough; it adds on。
  Therefore the way of Heaven
  is to reduce the excessive
  and increase the insufficient;
  The way of Man …
  Is to reduce the insufficient
  and offer more to the excessive。
  Now; who is able to have a surplus
  And use it to offer to Heaven?
  Clearly it is only the one who possesses Tao。
  Therefore the Sage …
  Takes action; but do not possess them;
  Accomplishes his tasks … but does not dwell on them。
  Like this; is his desire
  Not to make a display of his worthyness。
  78
  Accept responsability
  In the whole world nothing is softer
  and weaker than water。
  And yet for attacking the solid and strong;
  nothing can beat it;
  Because there is nothing that can replace it。
  That water can defeat the strong …
  That the weak can defeat the strong …
  There is no one in the world that does not know it;
  and yet there is no one who can put it into practice。
  For this reason; the words of the Sage say:
  To take on yourself the disgrace of the state …
  This is called being the lord of earth and grain;
  To assume responsability for all ill…omened events in the state …
  This is called being the king of the World。
  Correct words seem to say the reverse
  Of what you expect them to say。
  79
  Reconciliation
  To make peace where there has been great resentment;
  There is bound to be resentment left over。
  How could this be regarded as good?
  Therefore the Sage holds The right tally
  Yet makes no demands of others。
  For this reason; those who have virtue
  are in charge of the tally;
  Those without Virtue are in charge of the taxes。
  The Tao of Heaven is impartial
  It stays always with the good men。
  80
  Utopia
  Let the states be small and the people few …
  Bring it about that there are weapons for 〃tens〃 and 〃hundreds〃;
  Yet let no one use them;
  Have the people regard death gravely
  and put migrating far from their minds。
  Though they might have boats and carriages;
  no one will use them;
  Though they might have armor and weapons;
  no one will display them;
  Have the people return to the knotting cords
  And using them。
  They will relish their food;
  Regard their clothing as beautiful;
  Delight in their customs;
  And feel safe and secure in thir homes。
  Neighboring sates might overlook one another;
  And the sound of chickens and dogs might be overheard;
  Yet the people will arrive at old age and death
  with no comings and goings between them。
  81
  The sage
  Sincere words are not showy。
  showy words are not sincere。
  Those who know are not 〃widely learned〃
  Those who are 〃widely learned〃 do not know。
  The good do not have a lot。
  Those with a lot are not good。
  The sage accumulates nothing。
  Having used what he had for others;
  He has even more。
  Having given what he had to others;
  What he has is even greater。
  Therefore; the way of Heaven
  is to benefit and not te cause any harm;
  The way of Man is to act on behalf of others
  And not to compete with them。
  English_Jiyu_TTK
  Das Tao Te King von Lao Tse
  English by
  Ren Jiyu; 1985
  1
  The Tao that can be spoken of is not the eternal Tao;
  The name that can be named is not the eternal name。
  The nameless is the origin of Heaven and Earth;
  The named is the root of all things。
  Therefore; the subtleties of Tao are always apprehended through their formlessness;
  The limits of things are always seen through their form。
  These two (the form and the formless) have the same source but different names。
  Both of them can be called deep and profound;
  The deepest and the most profound; the door of all mysteries。
  2
  When all the people in the world know the beautiful as beauty;
  There appears ugliness;
  When they know goodness as good;
  There appears evil。
  Therefore; by opposing each other;
  Existence and non…existence come into being;
  Difficult and easy form themselves;
  Long and short are distinct;
  High and low contrast;
  Sound and voice harmonize;
  Front and back emerge。
  Thus; the sage manages affairs by 〃nonaction;〃
  And teaches by 〃saying nothing。〃
  He leaves all things to grow and change without initiation;
  Raises all things without making claim for his ownership;
  Promotes all things without attributing them to his contribution;
  And takes no credit for himself when the work is done。
  It is because no claim is made that his credit cannot be forfeited。
  3
  Refrain from exalting capable men; so that the people shall not compete。
  Refrain from valuing rare goods; so that the people shall not steal。
  Refrain from displaying anything which arouses desires; so that the people's hearts will not be disturbed。
  Therefore the government of (under Heaven) the sage lies in:
  Simplifying the people's minds;
  Filling their bellies;
  Weakening their ambitions;
  Strengthening their bones;
  And always keeping the people innocent of knowledge and desires。
  (Thus) anyone who thinks himself clever is afraid of meddling。
  By handling affairs on the principle of nonaction everyone will do well。
  4
  Tao is invisible; but its usefulness cannot be exhausted。
  It is so fathomless; like the ancestor of all things。
  It covers its cutting edge;
  It transcends entanglement;
  It contains its light;
  It mixes with its dust。
  It has no form or image; but actually it exists。
  I don't know where it was born of;
  (I only know) it appeared before the Lord。
  5
  Heaven and Earth cannot be called benevolent letting all things emerge or perish of themselves。
  The sage cannot be called benevolent letting all people live or die by themselves。
  Isn't between Heaven and Earth like a bellows?
  While vacuous; it is not inexhaustible;
  The more it is drawn off; the more air it sends forth。
  Much talk is doomed to a dead end;
  It is better to keep to moderation。
  6
  The spirit of the valley is an immortal being;
  It is called the subtle and profound female。
  The gate of the subtle and profound female is the