第 73 节
作者:九米      更新:2021-02-19 21:28      字数:8887
  If eventful; it is unworthy of taking over the empire。
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  A wise ruler has no preconceived ideas;
  He adopts the people抯 ideas as his own。
  I treat good people with goodness;
  I treat bad people also with goodness。
  This is the virtue of goodness。
  I deal with honest people with honesty;
  I deal with dishonest people also with honesty。
  This is the virtue of honesty。
  For the benefit of the world; the wise ruler harmonizes all ideas。
  (The people pay attention to him through ears and eyes;)
  And he treats them all like his children。
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  From birth to death;
  Three out of ten follow the path of life;
  Three out of ten follow the path of death; also
  Three out of ten who follow the path of life may move into path of death。
  Why is that? Because they over strive in their lives。
  I heard that he who excels in self…preservation:
  Meets no tiger or rhinoceros while walking on land;
  Escapes harm while fighting in wars。
  And he encounters:
  No rhinoceros butting its horn against him;
  No tiger exerting its claws against him;
  No soldier thrusting his knife against him。
  Why is this so?
  Because he is not on the path of death。
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  Tao creates all things;
  Virtue nurtures them。
  Matter gives them forms; and
  Environment allows them to succeed。
  Thus all things honour Tao and value Virtue。
  Tao being honoured and Virtue being valued;
  They always occurred naturally without being dictated by anyone。
  Thus:
  Tao creates all thing。
  Virtue nurtures them:
  They grow and develop;
  Bear fruits and mature; and
  Are cared for and protected。
  To create; but not to possess;
  To care for; but not to control;
  To lead; but not to subjugate。
  This is called the profound virtue。
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  The world had its beginning;
  Which is known as the mother of the world。
  Once the mother is known; her sons may be understood。
  Once the sons are understood; still keep to the mother。
  Then you will avoid mistakes all your life。
  Close your apertures; shut your doors;
  You will live a life without toil;
  Open your apertures; meddle in distractions;
  You will live a life beyond salvation。
  Capable of seeing details is called clear vision;
  Capable of yielding is called strength。
  Using the innate light; recover your clear vision。
  Then you will not be exposed to hidden danger。
  This is called following the nature。
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  Grant me the subtle wisdom; that
  I will follow the broad way and be fearful of straying away。
  The broad way is flat; yet people still indulge in shortcuts。
  The palace is quite splendid; but
  The fields are quite desolate; and
  The granaries quite empty。
  (The rulers are)
  Wearing beautiful clothes;
  Carrying sharp swords;
  Bored of feasts; and
  Accumulating excessive wealth and treasures。
  These are chieftains of robbers; and
  No behaving according to Tao!
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  A person who excels in building does not uproot;
  A person who excels in embracing does not deviate;
  And their descendants do not interrupt ancestral worship。
  Cultivate it in an individual; his virtue is genuine;
  Cultivate it in a family; its virtue overflows;
  Cultivate it in a community; its virtues multiply;
  Cultivate it in a state; its virtue is abundant;
  Cultivate it in the world; its virtue is universal。
  Therefore; evaluate the virtue of:
  An individual on the basis of the individual;
  A family on the basis of the family;
  A community o the basis of the community;
  A state on the basis of the state;
  The world on the basis of the world。
  How do I know the situation of the world? By this。
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  The abundant virtue of a person;
  May be compared to that of an infant:
  Poisonous insects do not sting him;
  Wild beats do not grab him;
  Birds of prey do not claw him。
  Though he has weak bones and soft sinews; his grip is firm。
  Despite his ignorance of union of male and female; his organ is often erect。
  This demonstrates his highest essence。
  He cries all day without becoming hoarse。
  This shows his utmost harmony with Nature。
  To know the harmony with Nature is to know the truth;
  To know the truth is enlightenment。
  Over indulging in life produces ill consequences;
  Ceding control of vital energy to emotion leads to violence。
  Everything decays after its prime。
  These (over indulging; ceding control to emotion) would be counter to Tao;
  Whoever acts counter to Tao spells his early demise。
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  He who knows the truth does not brag;
  He who brags does not know the truth。
  Closing the apertures; Shutting the doors;
  Blunting the sharpness; Resolving inner conflicts;
  Softening brightness; and
  Harmonizing with the dusty world;
  He is then in profound harmony with Tao。
  Thus he is no longer:
  Affected by being close to; or
  Bothered by being distant from others;
  Touched by gains; or
  Influenced by losses
  Tempted by nobleness; or
  Shamed by lowliness。
  Therefore he is respected by the world。
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  Govern a state by fair rules。
  Conduct military operations by surprise strategies。
  Take over an empire as a nonevent。
  How do I know these should be so?
  Because:
  The more prohibitions proliferate; the poorer the people;
  The more sharp weapons people possess; the more chaotic the state;
  The more cunning people become; the more abnormal the society;
  The more laws promulgate; the more robbers and thieves appear。
  Thus a wise ruler says:
  I take no action; the people are naturally peaceful;
  I love tranquility; the people naturally become orderly;
  I plan no wasteful event; the people naturally grow prosperous;
  I entertain no desire; the people naturally remain simple and honest。
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  When a ruler is tolerant and understanding;
  The people will be loyal and obedient;
  When a ruler is intolerant and overbearing;
  The people will be resentful and resistant。
  There are misfortunes wherein clues of blessings lie;
  There are blessings wherein seeds of misfortunes hide。
  Who would know the final outcome?
  There is no rule to go by!
  Normalcy reverts to chaos;
  Good reverts to evil。
  People have puzzled over these for a long time!
  Therefore a wise ruler is:
  Square but not cutting;
  Sharp but not piercing;
  Straight but not stretching and
  Illustrious but not dazzling。
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  Governing the people or interacting with Nature;
  Nothing is more important than being frugal。
  Only being frugal can one be prepared for the future。
  Early preparation emphasizes heavy conservation of resources。
  Emphasizing conservation assures no obstacles in the future。
  No future obstacle; then the prospect knows no limit。
  Knowing of no limit; a state is well prepared。
  Govern the state with this principle;
  It will long endure。
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  Governing a large state is like cooking a small fish。
  Let Tao prevail in the world;
  Even the spiritual beings lose their divine appeal。
  Not only they lose their appeal;
  Their appeal harms no people。
  Not only their appeal harms no people;
  Neither the ruler harms people。
  Since both inflict no harm;
  Then all the benefits accrue jointly to the people。
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  A big state is like the downstream of a river; where the world converges; and which functions as the female
  of the world。
  The female always overcomes the male through stillness。
  Stillness means lying low。
  Therefore;
  When a big state places itself below a small state;
  It gains the trust of the small state;
  When a small state places itself below a big state;
  It gains the confidence of the big state。
  Thus:
  Sometimes a state lies low in order to gain;
  Sometimes a state lying low results in gain。
  A big state wishes only to dominate and lead;
  A small state desires only to join and follow。
  Now that each of the two gets what is wants;
  It would still be better for the big state to lie low。
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  Tao holds secrets of all things。
  It is the treasure for good people; and
  The protector for bad people。
  Fine talks can earn one respect;
  Good deeds can elevate one抯 status。
  Then for those who have behaved badly; why abandon them?
  Thus:
  When crowning a king or installing three ministers;
  In spite of their beautiful jade offerings preceded by fast horses;
  It would be better to offer them Tao。
  What made the ancients value Tao?
  Did they not believe that:
  You would get what you seek and be forgiven of your sins?
  Therefore; it is valued by the world。
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  Take no willful action;
  Diffuse contentious even to nonevent;
  Transform the tasteless tasteful。
  Big or small; numerous or few;
  Repay enmities with virtue。
  Anticipate difficulties whi