第 48 节
作者:江暖      更新:2021-02-19 20:44      字数:9322
  caused the Continental Congress to cease promoting lieutenant…colonels to
  colonels;   and   so   Marion   remained   as   lieutenant…colonel   of   the   Second
  Regiment; South Carolina Line; Continental Establishment; until mustered
  out of the service in February; 1783。
  While a British fleet and army were besieging Charles Town March 28
  …   May   12;   1780;   Lieutenant   Colonel   Marion   sprained   an   ankle;   which
  rendered him unfit for active duty。 Soon after General Lincoln published
  an order furloughing him to his plantation until able to resume active duty;
  but Charles Town was captured before Marion was able to return。
  When General Gates was sent down to Hillsboro; North Carolina; to
  take command of the Southern Army he published an order directing all
  Continental officers and men not on parole to report to him at Hillsboro。
  Marion   was   the  senior  officer   of   South   Carolina  to   report。  His   regiment
  having   been   captured   with   the   garrison   of   Charles   Town        Marion   was
  without a command。 He was directed by Gates to go down to the Santee
  River and assemble a militia force and destroy the ferry boats on the river
  to   prevent   the   British   from   retreating   to   Charles   Town   or   receiving   aid
  therefrom。 Marion found a willing force of militia at hand on the Santee
  with which he speedily drove off the guard at Murray's Ferry and captured
  the guard at Nelson's Ferry and also captured a convoy from Cornwallis's
  army  taking American prisoners   to   Charles Town。   From  then   on   he   was
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  very     active。   In   November;       1780;    Governor       Rutledge     appointed      him
  brigadier general of the Lower Brigade of the State militia and his activity
  knew no bounds from then to the end of the war。
  This history of Marion's career thereafter; accurately and authentically
  tells   the   story;   for   Judge   James;   its   author;   was   one   of   Marion's   active
  officers。
  Perhaps      Marion's      highly    meritorious      services    would      never    have
  received the widespread attention that has been accorded them had it not
  been for a fictitious publication issued in 1809 by Matthew Carey; a well
  known publisher; of Philadelphia; entitled: ~The / Life / of / Gen。 Francis
  Marion; / a Celebrated / Partizan Officer; / in / The Revolutionary War; /
  against   the   /   British   and   Tories;   in   South…Carolina   and   Georgia。~   From
  documents furnished by his brother in arms; Brigadier…General P。 Horry:
  and his nephew; the Hon。 Robert Marion; Esq。 of Congress。
  General      Peter   Horry;    who    had    been    one   of  Marion's     most    active
  colonels;   had   written   a   history   of   Marion's   brigade;   but   had   not   readily
  found     a   publisher     when    he   encountered       Rev。    Mason     L。   Weems;      an
  itinerant book agent and preacher。 Weems persuaded Horry to let him have
  the   manuscript;   assuring   him   that   he   would        secure   a   publisher。   Horry
  agreed; but admonished Weems 〃not to alter the sense or meaning of my
  work; least when it came out I might not know it; and; perverted; it might
  convey a very different meaning from the truth。〃 Those were Horry's own
  words   to   Weems;   as   recalled   by   Horry   to   Weems   in   a   letter   dated   at
  Georgetown; S。C。; February 4; 1811。
  In   the   same   letter   he   reminded   Weems:   〃I   requested   you   would   (if
  necessary)   so   far   alter   the   work   as   to   make   it   read   grammatically;  and   I
  gave you leave to embellish the work; but entertained not the least idea of
  what     has   happened        though    several    of  my   friends    were    under    such
  apprehensions; which caused my being urgent on you not to alter as above
  mentioned。〃 。 。 。 〃Nor have the public received the real history of General
  Marion。      You    have    carved     and   mutilated     it  with    so  many     erroneous
  statements        your     embellishments;         observation       and     remarks;      must
  necessarily be erroneous as proceeding from false grounds。 Most certainly
  'tis   not   my   history;   but   your   romance。〃   。   。   。   〃Can   you   suppose   I   can   be
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  Life of Marion。
  pleased   with   reading   particulars   (though   so   elevated;  by  you)   of   Marion
  and myself; when I know such never existed。〃
  The   book   has   been   through   scores   of   editions   and   printings   and   the
  falsehoods   that   Weems   concocted      sometimes   in   malice      have   been
  accepted   as   truth   and   retold   throughout   the   United   States   and   used   in
  encyclopaedias and text books; government reports and political speeches。
  As    a  result;   Marion     has   been    honored     by   having    counties     and   towns
  named   for   him   to   an   extent   equalled   or   surpassed   by   few   of America's
  greatest men。
  Judge James's book had but a limited circulation and it has long been a
  very scarce book; hence it has not been the factor it should have been in
  correcting the fabrications in Weems's book。
  Judge James's book is not entirely free from error。 He begins his first
  chapter   with   the   statement:   〃Francis   Marion   was   born   at   Winyaw;   near
  Georgetown;   South…Carolina;   in   the   year   1732。〃   Marion's   family  had   no
  connection with Georgetown until six or seven years after Marion's birth;
  when his father moved with his family to that town from St。 John's Parish;
  Berkeley; where he had resided since marriage。 His wife's family resided
  in   the   adjoining     St。   James's   Parish;   Goose   Creek;   and;   as   there   is    no
  definite   record   of   the   place   of   Marion's   birth;   it   could   have   been   at   the
  home of either family。 The year of his birth cannot be fixed as 1732。 The
  inscription on his   tombstone gives the date   of his death   as   February  27;
  1795; 〃in the sixty…third year of his age。〃 If he had been born at any time
  between January  1st   and   February  26;   1733;  he   would   have   been   in   the
  63rd year of his age February 27; 1795。
  (3) For the purists: A list of changes and corrections to the text。
  The   following   changes   in   spelling   were   made;   to   update   them。   In
  some cases; both spellings were used; or an odd spelling was only used in
  one distinguishable section of the text。 They are listed more or less in the
  order they appeared in the text。
  South…Carolina 》 South Carolina Broad…Street 》 Broad Street North…
  Carolina      》   North     Carolina     Major     Weymss       》   Major     Wemyss       (both
  spellings     given    in   the  original)    These     spellings    appeared     only    in  the
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  Life of Marion。
  quotations   from   Lawson:   staid   》  stayed   turkies   》   turkeys   hickorynuts   》
  hickory     nuts   West…Indies      》  West    Indies   Hugonots      》   Huguenots      (The
  correct    spelling    is  the  latter;  but   the  former    spelling    may    have   some
  connection   with   the   common American   mispronunciation;   as   〃Hyoo…go…
  nots〃; rather than 〃Hyoo…ga…nose〃。) intreaties 》 entreaties Great…Britain 》
  Great   Britain   co…operate   》   cooperate   ancle   》   ankle   controul   》   control
  (both spellings given in text) shew 》 show New…Orleans 》 New Orleans
  dispair   》   despair   (extract   from   Lincoln's   letter;   chapter   I)   Port…Royal   》
  Port   Royal   New…York   》   New   York   Lenud's…ferry   》   Lenud's   ferry   (both
  spellings given in text) Black…Mingo 》 Black Mingo harrassed 》 harassed
  adviseable 》 advisable   New…Jersey 》   New Jersey  Goose…Creek 》   Goose
  Creek Wyley 》 Wiley (both spellings in a footnote; only Wiley in the text)
  downfal   》   downfall   three   pounders   》   three…pounders   alledged   》   alleged
  swoln      》  swollen     six  pounder     》   six…pounder      intreat   》  entreat    (Gen。
  Greene's   letter;   Chapter   III)   New…England   》   New   England   True…Blue   》
  True   Blue   All…Saints   》 All   Saints   These   spellings   appeared   only   in   the
  Appendix: Your's 》 Yours inclose 》 enclose
  Frequently the hyphen was omitted from numbers; but not always。 A
  few   specific   cases:   twenty  five   》   twenty…five   twenty  four   》   twenty…four
  seventy five 》 seventy…five thirty five 》 thirty…five
  also:
  coe