第 19 节
作者:江暖      更新:2021-02-19 20:44      字数:9322
  On the 25th he says; 〃before this I hope you have received the agreeable
  news of the defeat of Lieut。 Col。 Tarleton。 After this nothing will appear
  difficult。〃
  *  This    was   the   same    Rugely     who    behaved     so   generously      to
  Governor Rutledge。 It seems Lord Cornwallis intended to have promoted
  him; but after this affair he wrote to Tarleton; 〃Rugely will not be made a
  brigadier。〃
  As   the   defeat   of   Tarleton   at   the   Cowpens   has   been   related   by   many
  American   writers;   whose   works   are   generally   read;   the   account   of   the
  renowned chief himself; who was unexpectedly foiled; and which is now
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  out of print; will be extracted for the amusement of the historical reader。
  〃Near the   end of   the last   year;  (1780) information had been   received   by
  Lord   Cornwallis;   that   Gen。   Greene   had   made   a   division   of   his   troops;
  which did not exceed fourteen hundred men; exclusive of militia; and that
  he had committed the light infantry and Col。 Washington's cavalry to Gen。
  Morgan; with directions to pass the Catawba and Broad rivers; to collect
  the militia; and threaten Ninety…Six。 It is not to be supposed Gen。 Greene
  would have adopted the hazardous plan of dividing his forces; if he had
  received   information   of   Gen。   Leslie's   command   being   withdrawn   from
  Virginia;     and   united    to  the   force   in  South     Carolina;    because     such    an
  accession   of   strength   would   produce   a   movement   from   Winnsborough
  (where Cornwallis then lay;) and might separate the two divisions of the
  American       army;    and    endanger     their   safety。   To   attain   this  object;    (the
  separation of the two divisions of the American army;) Col。 Tarleton was
  now   detached   from   the   main   army   of   Lord   Cornwallis;   and   was   to   be
  supported   by   his   lordship;   and   Gen。   Leslie   as   soon   as   he   arrived;   with
  orders   to   push   Morgan   to   the   utmost。   Tarleton's   force   was   his   corps   of
  cavalry and infantry of five hundred and fifty men; the first battalion of
  the 71st; of two hundred men; two hundred men of the 7th regiment; new
  recruits; and fifty dragoons of the 17th regiment  total one thousand men。
  Morgan retreated before Tarleton till the commanding officer  in front of
  the British reported the American troops were halted and forming。 (17th
  Jan。)  Lieut。   Col。 Tarleton;   having   obtained   a   position   he   certainly  might
  deem      advantageous;        did   not   hesitate    to  undertake      the   measures      his
  commander and his own judgment recommended。 He ordered the legion
  dragoons       to  drive    in  the   militia;   that   Morgan's     disposition     might     be
  inspected。 The American commander had formed a front line of about one
  thousand   militia;   his      reserve   of   five   hundred   continental   infantry;       one
  hundred      and    twenty   of   Washington's       cavalry;    and   three   hundred      back
  woodsmen。   Tarleton   ordered   his   infantry   to   disencumber   themselves   of
  every   thing   except   arms   and   ammunition;   to   file   to   the   right;   till   they
  became equal to the flank of the American front line; the legion infantry
  were added to their left; and under the fire of a three pounder they were to
  advance   within   three   hundred   yards   of   the   enemy。   This   situation   being
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  acquired;   the   7th   regiment   was   commanded   to   form   on   the   left   of   the
  legion   infantry;   and   the   other   three   pounder   was   given   to   its   right。   A
  captain with fifty dragoons; was placed on each flank。 The first battalion
  of the 71st extended to the left of the 7th; one hundred and fifty yards in
  the    rear;  and   composed;      with    two   hundred     cavalry;    the  reserve。    The
  animation of the officers and soldiers promised assurances of success。 The
  troops   moved   in   as   good   line   as   troops   could   move;   at   open   files。   The
  militia; after a short contest; were dislodged。 The British approached the
  continentals;   and   the   fire   on   both   sides   produced   much   slaughter。   The
  cavalry on the right were ordered to charge the enemy's left; and executed
  the order with great gallantry; but were driven back by the reserve and Col。
  Washington's   cavalry。   As       the   contest   between   the   British     infantry   and
  continentals was equally balanced; Tarleton brought the 71st into line; and
  ordered a movement in reserve to threaten the enemy's right flank。 Upon
  the advance of the 71st all the infantry again moved on; the continentals
  and   back   woodsmen   gave   ground;   the   British   rushed   forwards;   an   order
  was despatched to the cavalry to charge; an unexpected fire at this instant
  from the Americans who came about; stopped the British and threw them
  into confusion。 Exertions to make them advance were useless。 The part of
  the cavalry which had not been engaged; fell likewise into disorder; and an
  unaccountable        panic    extended     along    the  whole     line。  The    Americans
  advanced       and   augmented      their   astonishment。     A   general    flight  ensued。
  Neither promises nor threats could gain attention。 All attempts to restore
  order;   recollection   or    courage   proved   fruitless。   Two   hundred        dragoons
  forsook their leader; fourteen officers and forty horsemen were; however;
  not unmindful of their own reputation; or their commanding officer。 Col。
  Washington's   cavalry   were   charged   and   driven   back   into   the   continental
  infantry by this handful of brave men。 Another party who had seized upon
  the   baggage   were   dispersed;   and   this   detachment   retired   towards   Broad
  river unmolested。 The number of the killed and wounded at the Cowpens;
  amounted to near three hundred on both sides; officers and men inclusive;
  this loss was almost equally shared。 But the Americans took two pieces of
  cannon; the colours of the 7th regiment; and near four hundred prisoners。〃
  Thus far Col。 Tarleton。 Gen。 Moultrie received his account of this action of
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  the Cowpens   〃from  an   officer of   great veracity  and   high   rank;  who   was
  conspicuous on that day;〃 supposed to be Col。 Washington。 The substance
  of his account shall now be given;   that the two may be compared。  Gen。
  Morgan drew up his men in an open pine barren; the militia of about four
  hundred men; under Col。 Pickens; formed the first line。 The continentals
  of   about    five  hundred     men;    two   hundred     of   whom     were    raw   troops;
  formed the second line; under Col。 Howard; two hundred yards in the rear。
  Col。    Washington;      with    seventy…five     continental    cavalry;    and   forty…five
  militia under Capt。 M‘Call; in the rear。 Pickens ordered his men to reserve
  their fire till the enemy came within fifty yards; which they did; and fired
  with   great   success;   but   they   were   soon   obliged   to   give   way   and   retreat
  behind the second line; which received them warmly; at length the second
  line began to give way。 Col。 Washington; perceiving this; rode up to their
  rear   with   his   cavalry;   and   told   Howard;   〃if   he   would   rally   his   men   and
  charge   the   enemy's   line;   he   would   charge   the   cavalry   who   were   cutting
  down the militia。〃 His riding so close to the rear stopped the British; and
  Howard rallied his men in the mean time; and charged with fixed bayonets。
  Col。 Washington   charged the   cavalry  and   routed   them;   the   militia   at   the
  same time   recovered   themselves and began   to   fire; and   the   whole   threw
  the enemy into the utmost confusion。 Howard called out to them; 〃to lay
  down   their   arms   and   they   should   have   good   quarters。〃   Upwards   of   five
  hundred men threw down their arms and surrendered。 Two hundred were
  left dead on the field; and a great number wounded。 Besides the two field
  pieces   mentioned   by  Tarleton;   six   hundred   men;   eight   hundred   stand   of
  arms;     and    thirty…five   baggage      waggons;      fell  into   the   hands    of   the
  Americans。       Col。   Washington       pursued     the   British   cavalry    twenty…five
  miles。
  By this last account the disparity in numbers was not great; and as one
  half the Americans were either militia