第 7 节
作者:这就是结局      更新:2021-02-19 18:29      字数:9322
  orderly   and   in   good   case;   and   would   tell   him   what   to   buy   and   what   to
  avoid。     By   the   LIBRARY  we   do   not   understand   a   study   where   no   one
  goes; and where the master of the house keeps his boots; an assortment of
  walking…sticks; the 〃Waverley Novels;〃 〃Pearson on the Creed;〃 〃Hume's
  Essays;〃 and a collection of sermons。              In; alas! too many English homes;
  the   Library   is   no   more   than    this;   and   each   generation   passes      without
  adding a book; except now and then a Bradshaw or a railway novel; to the
  collection on the shelves。           The success; perhaps; of circulating libraries;
  or; it may be; the Aryan tendencies of our race; 〃which does not read; and
  lives in the open air;〃 have made books the rarest of possessions in many
  houses。 There   are   relics   of   the   age   before   circulating   libraries;   there   are
  fragments   of   the   lettered   store   of   some   scholarly   great…grandfather;   and
  these; with a few odd numbers of magazines; a few primers and manuals;
  some   sermons   and   novels;   make   up   the   ordinary   library   of   an   English
  household。       But the amateur; whom we have in our thoughts; can never
  be satisfied with these commonplace supplies。                  He has a taste for books
  more or less rare; and for books neatly bound; in short; for books; in the
  fabrication   of   which   ART   has   not   been   absent。        He   loves   to   have   his
  study; like Montaigne's; remote from the interruption of servants; wife; and
  children; a kind of shrine; where he may be at home with himself; with the
  illustrious dead;  and   with the   genius   of   literature。        The   room  may   look
  east; west; or south; provided that it be dry; warm; light; and airy。                 Among
  the   many   enemies   of   books   the   first   great   foe   is   DAMP;   and   we   must
  describe the necessary precautions to be taken against this peril。 We will
  suppose that the amateur keeps his ordinary working books; modern tomes;
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  and all that serve him as literary tools; on open shelves。             These may reach
  the roof; if he has books to fill them; and it is only necessary to see that the
  back of the bookcases are slightly removed from contact with the walls。
  The more precious and beautifully bound treasures will naturally be stored
  in   a   case   with   closely…fitting   glass…doors。   {2}    The   shelves   should   be
  lined with velvet or chamois leather; that the delicate edges of the books
  may not suffer from contact with the wood。               A leather lining; fitted to the
  back    of  the   case;  will   also  help   to  keep   out   humidity。    Most     writers
  recommend that the bookcases should be made of wood close in the grain;
  such   as   well…seasoned   oak;   or;   for   smaller   tabernacles   of   literature;   of
  mahogany;       satin…wood     lined   with   cedar;   ebony;    and   so  forth。   These
  close…grained woods are less easily penetrated by insects; and it is fancied
  that   book…worms   dislike   the   aromatic   scents   of   cedar;   sandal   wood;   and
  Russia leather。      There was once a bibliophile who said that a man could
  only love one book at a time; and the darling of the moment he used to
  carry    about   in   a  charming     leather   case。   Others;     men   of   few   books;
  preserve   them   in   long   boxes   with   glass   fronts;   which   may   be   removed
  from place to place as readily as the household gods of Laban。                     But the
  amateur who not only worships but reads books; needs larger receptacles;
  and in the open oak cases for modern authors; and for books with common
  modern papers and bindings; in the closed armoire for books of rarity and
  price;   he   will  find;   we   think;  the   most   useful   mode     of  arranging    his
  treasures。     His shelves will decline in height from the lowest; where huge
  folios stand at case; to the top ranges; while Elzevirs repose on a level with
  the eye。     It is well that each upper shelf should have a leather fringe to
  keep the dust away。
  As to the shape of the bookcases; and the furniture; and ornaments of
  the library; every amateur will please himself。             Perhaps the satin…wood or
  mahogany tabernacles of rare books are best made after the model of what
  furniture…dealers indifferently call the 〃Queen Anne〃 or the 〃Chippendale〃
  style。     There     is   a  pleasant     quaintness     in  the   carved     architectural
  ornaments of the top; and the inlaid flowers of marquetry go well with the
  pretty florid editions of the last century; the books that were illustrated by
  Stothard      and   Gravelot。      Ebony      suits   theological     tomes    very    well;
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  especially when they are bound in white vellum。                    As to furniture; people
  who   can   afford   it   will imitate   the   arrangements   of   Lucullus;   in   Mr。   Hill
  Burton's   charming   volume   〃The   Book…hunter〃   (Blackwood;   Edinburgh;
  1862)。〃Everything is of perfect finish;the mahogany…railed gallery; the
  tiny   ladders;   the   broad   winged   lecterns;   with   leathern   cushions   on   the
  edges     to   keep    the   wood     from    grazing     the  rich   bindings;     the   books
  themselves;   each   shelf   uniform   with   its   facings;   or   rather   backings;   like
  well…dressed lines at a review。〃            The late Sir William Stirling…Maxwell; a
  famous       bibliophile;    invented      a  very    nice   library    chair。    It   is  most
  comfortable to sit on; and; as the top of the back is broad and flat; it can be
  used as a ladder of two high steps; when one wants to reach a book on a
  lofty shelf。     A kind of square revolving bookcase; an American invention;
  manufactured by Messrs。 Trubner; is useful to the working man of letters。
  Made in oak; stained green; it is not unsightly。                  As to ornaments; every
  man   to   his   taste。   You   may   have   a   〃pallid   bust   of   Pallas〃   above   your
  classical     collection;    or  fill  the  niches    in  a  shrine    of  old   French     light
  literature;   pastoral   and   comedy;   with   delicate   shepherdesses   in   Chelsea
  china。      On    such    matters    a   modest     writer;   like  Mr。    Jingle   when     Mr。
  Pickwick ordered dinner; 〃will not presume to dictate。〃
  Next to damp; dust and dirt are the chief enemies of books。                      At short
  intervals; books   and shelves   ought   to   be   dusted   by  the   amateur   himself。
  Even Dr。 Johnson; who was careless of his person; and of volumes lent to
  him; was careful about the cleanliness of his own books。                      Boswell found
  him   one   day   with   big   gloves   on   his   hands   beating   the   dust   out   of   his
  library; as was his custom。           There is nothing so hideous as a dirty thumb…
  mark   on   a   white   page。     These   marks   are   commonly   made;   not   because
  the reader has unwashed hands; but because the dust which settles on the
  top edge of books falls in; and is smudged when they are opened。                           Gilt…
  top   edges   should   be   smoothed   with   a   handkerchief;   and   a   small   brush
  should   be   kept   for  brushing   the   tops   of   books   with   rough   edges;   before
  they   are   opened。   But   it   were   well   that   all   books   had   the   top   edge   gilt。
  There is no better preservative against dust。               Dust not only dirties books;
  it seems to supply what Mr。 Spencer would call a fitting environment for
  book…worms。          The works of book…worms speak for themselves; and are
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  manifest to all。      How many a rare and valuable volume is spoiled by neat
  round   holes   drilled   through   cover   and   leaves!     But   as   to   the   nature   of
  your worm; authorities differ greatly。            The ancients knew this plague; of
  which Lucian speaks。          Mr。 Blades mentions a white book…worm; slain by
  the   librarian   of   the   Bodleian。   In   Byzantium   the   black   sort   prevailed。
  Evenus; the grammarian; wrote an epigram against the black book…worm
  (〃Anthol。      Pal。;〃 ix。 251):…
  Pest of the Muses; devourer of pages; in crannies that lurkest; Fruits
  of   the   Muses   to   taint;   labour   of   learning   to   spoil;   Wherefore;   oh   black…
  fleshed worm! wert thou born for the evil thou workest? Wher