第 21 节
作者:小秋      更新:2021-02-19 17:22      字数:9321
  These and similar accusations; so often brought up against the Medical Profession; are only one mode in which is manifested a spirit of opposition not merely to medical science; but to all science; and to all sound knowledge。  It is a spirit which neither understands itself nor the object at which it is aiming。  It gropes among the loose records of the past; and the floating fables of the moment; to glean a few truths or falsehoods tending to prove; if they prove anything; that the persons who have passed their lives in the study of a branch of knowledge the very essence of which must always consist in long and accurate observation; are less competent to judge of new doctrines in their own department than the rest of the community。  It belongs to the clown in society; the destructive in politics; and the rogue in practice。
  The name of Harvey; whose great discovery was the legitimate result of his severe training and patient study; should be mentioned only to check the pretensions of presumptuous ignorance。  The example of Jenner; who gave his inestimable secret; the result of twenty…two years of experiment and researches; unpurchased; to the public; when; as was said in Parliament; he might have made a hundred thousand pounds by it as well as any smaller sum;should be referred to only to rebuke the selfish venders of secret remedies; among whom his early history obliges us reluctantly to record Samuel Hahnemann。 Those who speak of the great body of physicians as if they were united in a league to support the superannuated notions of the past against the progress of improvement; have read the history of medicine to little purpose。  The prevalent failing of this profession has been; on the contrary; to lend a too credulous ear to ambitious and plausible innovators。  If at the present time ten years of public notoriety have passed over any doctrine professing to be of importance in medical science; and if it has not succeeded in raising up a powerful body of able; learned; and ingenious advocates for its claims; the fault must be in the doctrine and not in the medical profession。
  Homoeopathy has had a still more extended period of trial than this; and we have seen with what results。  It only remains to throw out a few conjectures as to the particular manner in which it is to break up and disappear。
  1。  The confidence of the few believers in this delusion will never survive the loss of friends who may die of any acute disease; under a treatment such as that prescribed by Homoeopathy。  It is doubtful how far cases of this kind will be trusted to its tender mercies; but wherever it acquires any considerable foothold; such cases must come; and with them the ruin of those who practise it; should any highly valued life be thus sacrificed。
  2。  After its novelty has worn out; the ardent and capricious individuals who constitute the most prominent class of its patrons will return to visible doses; were it only for the sake of a change。
  3。  The Semi…Homoeopathic practitioner will gradually withdraw from the rotten half of his business and try to make the public forget his connection with it。
  4。  The ultra Homoeopathist will either recant and try to rejoin the medical profession; or he will embrace some newer and if possible equally extravagant doctrine; or he will stick to his colors and go down with his sinking doctrine。  Very few will pursue the course last mentioned。
  A single fact may serve to point out in what direction there will probably be a movement of the dissolving atoms of Homoeopathy。  On the 13th page of the too frequently cited Manifesto of the 〃Examiner〃 I read the following stately paragraph:
  〃Bigelius; M。 D。; physician to the Emperor of Russia; whose elevated reputation is well known in Europe; has been an acknowledged advocate of Hahnemann's doctrines for several years。  He abandoned Allopathia for Homoeopathia。〃  The date of this statement is January; 1840。  I find on looking at the booksellers' catalogues that one Bigel; or Bigelius; to speak more classically; has been at various times publishing Homoeopathic books for some years。
  Again; on looking into the 〃 Encyclographie des Sciences Medicales 〃 for April; 1840; I find a work entitled 〃 Manual of HYDROSUDOPATHY; or the Treatment of Diseases by Cold Water; etc。; etc。; by Dr。 Bigel; Physician of the School of Strasburg; Member of the Medico… Chirurgical Institute of Naples; of the Academy of St。  Petersburg; Assessor of the College of the Empire of Russia; Physician of his late Imperial Highness the Grand Duke Constantine; Chevalier of the Legion of Honor; etc。〃  Hydrosudopathy or Hydropathy; as it is sometimes called; is a new medical doctrine or practice which has sprung up in Germany since Homoeopathy; which it bids fair to drive out of the market; if; as Dr。 Bigel says; fourteen physicians afflicted with diseases which defied themselves and their colleagues came to Graefenberg; in the year 1836 alone; and were cured。  Now Dr。 Bigel; 〃whose elevated reputation is well known in Europe;〃 writes as follows: 〃The reader will not fail to see in this defence of the curative method of Graefenberg a profession of medical faith; and he will be correct in so doing。〃  And his work closes with the following sentence; worthy of so distinguished an individual: 〃We believe; with religion; that the water of baptism purifies the soul from its original sin; let us believe also; with experience; that it is for our corporeal sins the redeemer of the human body。〃  If Bigel; Physician to the late Grand Duke Constantine; is identical with Bigel whom the 〃Examiner〃 calls Physician to the Emperor of Russia; it appears that he is now actively engaged in throwing cold water at once upon his patients and the future prospects of Homoeopathy。
  If; as must be admitted; no one of Hahnemann's doctrines is received with tolerable unanimity among his disciples; except the central axiom; Similia similibus curantur; if this axiom itself relies mainly for its support upon the folly and trickery of Hahnemann; what can we think of those who announce themselves ready to relinquish all the accumulated treasures of our art; to trifle with life upon the strength of these fantastic theories?  What shall we think of professed practitioners of medicine; if; in the words of Jahr; 〃from ignorance; for their personal convenience; or through charlatanism; they treat their patients one day Homoeopathically and the next Allopathically; 〃 if they parade their pretended new science before the unguarded portion of the community; if they suffer their names to be coupled with it wherever it may gain a credulous patient; and deny all responsibility for its character; refuse all argument for its doctrines; allege no palliation for the ignorance and deception interwoven with every thread of its flimsy tissue; when they are questioned by those competent to judge and entitled to an answer?
  Such is the pretended science of Homoeopathy; to which you are asked to trust your lives and the lives of those dearest to you。  A mingled mass of perverse ingenuity; of tinsel erudition; of imbecile credulity; and of artful misrepresentation; too often mingled in practice; if we may trust the authority of its founder; with heartless and shameless imposition。  Because it is suffered so often to appeal unanswered to the public; because it has its journals; its patrons; its apostles; some are weak enough to suppose it can escape the inevitable doom of utter disgrace and oblivion。  Not many years can pass away before the same curiosity excited by one of Perkins's Tractors will be awakened at the sight of one of the Infinitesimal Globules。  If it should claim a longer existence; it can only be by falling into the hands of the sordid wretches who wring their bread from the cold grasp of disease and death in the hovels of ignorant poverty。
  As one humble member of a profession which for more than two thousand years has devoted itself to the pursuit of the best earthly interests of mankind; always assailed and insulted from without by such as are ignorant of its infinite perplexities and labors; always striving in unequal contest with the hundred…armed giant who walks in the noonday; and sleeps not in the midnight; yet still toiling; not merely for itself and the present moment; but for the race and the future; I have lifted my voice against this lifeless delusion; rolling its shapeless bulk into the path of a noble science it is too weak to strike; or to injure。
  THE CONTAGIOUSNESS OF PUERPERAL FEVER Printed in 1843; reprinted with additions; 1855。
  THE POINT AT ISSUE。
  THE AFFIRMATIVE。
  〃The disease known as Puerperal Fever is so far contagious as to be frequently carried from patient to patient by physicians and nurses。〃 O。 W。 Holmes; 1843。
  THE NEGATIVE。
  〃The result of the whole discussion will; I trust; serve; not only to exalt your views of the value and dignity of our profession; but to divest your minds of the overpowering dread that you can ever become; especially to woman; under the extremely interesting circumstances of gestation and parturition; the minister of evil; that you can ever convey; in any possible manner; a horrible virus; so destructive in its effects; and so mysterious in