第 3 节
作者:莫再讲      更新:2021-02-19 00:42      字数:9322
  ty; revealing the inner Splendor to him。  Cannot we understand how these men _worshipped_ Canopus; became what we call Sabeans; worshipping the stars?  Such is to me the secret of all forms of Paganism。  Worship is transcendent wonder; wonder for which there is now no limit or measure; that is worship。  To these primeval men; all things and everything they saw exist beside them were an emblem of the Godlike; of some God。
  And look what perennial fibre of truth was in that。  To us also; through every star; through every blade of grass; is not a God made visible; if we will open our minds and eyes?  We do not worship in that way now:  but is it not reckoned still a merit; proof of what we call a 〃poetic nature;〃 that we recognize how every object has a divine beauty in it; how every object still verily is 〃a window through which we may look into Infinitude itself〃?  He that can discern the loveliness of things; we call him Poet! Painter; Man of Genius; gifted; lovable。  These poor Sabeans did even what he does;in their own fashion。  That they did it; in what fashion soever; was a merit:  better than what the entirely stupid man did; what the horse and camel did;namely; nothing!
  But now if all things whatsoever that we look upon are emblems to us of the Highest God; I add that more so than any of them is man such an emblem。 You have heard of St。 Chrysostom's celebrated saying in reference to the Shekinah; or Ark of Testimony; visible Revelation of God; among the Hebrews:  〃The true Shekinah is Man!〃  Yes; it is even so:  this is no vain phrase; it is veritably so。  The essence of our being; the mystery in us that calls itself 〃I;〃ah; what words have we for such things?is a breath of Heaven; the Highest Being reveals himself in man。  This body; these faculties; this life of ours; is it not all as a vesture for that Unnamed?  〃There is but one Temple in the Universe;〃 says the devout Novalis; 〃and that is the Body of Man。  Nothing is holier shall that high form。  Bending before men is a reverence done to this Revelation in the Flesh。  We touch Heaven when we lay our hand on a human body!〃  This sounds much like a mere flourish of rhetoric; but it is not so。  If well meditated; it will turn out to be a scientific fact; the expression; in such words as can be had; of the actual truth of the thing。  We are the miracle of miracles;the great inscrutable mystery of God。  We cannot understand it; we know not how to speak of it; but we may feel and know; if we like; that it is verily so。
  Well; these truths were once more readily felt than now。  The young generations of the world; who had in them the freshness of young children; and yet the depth of earnest men; who did not think that they had finished off all things in Heaven and Earth by merely giving them scientific names; but had to gaze direct at them there; with awe and wonder:  they felt better what of divinity is in man and Nature; they; without being mad; could _worship_ Nature; and man more than anything else in Nature。 Worship; that is; as I said above; admire without limit:  this; in the full use of their faculties; with all sincerity of heart; they could do。  I consider Hero…worship to be the grand modifying element in that ancient system of thought。  What I called the perplexed jungle of Paganism sprang; we may say; out of many roots:  every admiration; adoration of a star or natural object; was a root or fibre of a root; but Hero…worship is the deepest root of all; the tap…root; from which in a great degree all the rest were nourished and grown。
  And now if worship even of a star had some meaning in it; how much more might that of a Hero!  Worship of a Hero is transcendent admiration of a Great Man。  I say great men are still admirable; I say there is; at bottom; nothing else admirable!  No nobler feeling than this of admiration for one higher than himself dwells in the breast of man。  It is to this hour; and at all hours; the vivifying influence in man's life。  Religion I find stand upon it; not Paganism only; but far higher and truer religions;all religion hitherto known。  Hero…worship; heartfelt prostrate admiration; submission; burning; boundless; for a noblest godlike Form of Man;is not that the germ of Christianity itself?  The greatest of all Heroes is Onewhom we do not name here!  Let sacred silence meditate that sacred matter; you will find it the ultimate perfection of a principle extant throughout man's whole history on earth。
  Or coming into lower; less unspeakable provinces; is not all Loyalty akin to religious Faith also?  Faith is loyalty to some inspired Teacher; some spiritual Hero。  And what therefore is loyalty proper; the life…breath of all society; but an effluence of Hero…worship; submissive admiration for the truly great?  Society is founded on Hero…worship。  All dignities of rank; on which human association rests; are what we may call a _Hero_archy (Government of Heroes);or a Hierarchy; for it is 〃sacred〃 enough withal! The Duke means _Dux_; Leader; King is _Kon…ning_; _Kan…ning_; Man that _knows_ or _cans_。  Society everywhere is some representation; not insupportably inaccurate; of a graduated Worship of Heroesreverence and obedience done to men really great and wise。  Not insupportably inaccurate; I say!  They are all as bank…notes; these social dignitaries; all representing gold;and several of them; alas; always are _forged_ notes。 We can do with some forged false notes; with a good many even; but not with all; or the most of them forged!  No:  there have to come revolutions then; cries of Democracy; Liberty and Equality; and I know not what:the notes being all false; and no gold to be had for _them_; people take to crying in their despair that there is no gold; that there never was any!  〃Gold;〃 Hero…worship; _is_ nevertheless; as it was always and everywhere; and cannot cease till man himself ceases。
  I am well aware that in these days Hero…worship; the thing I call Hero…worship; professes to have gone out; and finally ceased。  This; for reasons which it will be worth while some time to inquire into; is an age that as it were denies the existence of great men; denies the desirableness of great men。  Show our critics a great man; a Luther for example; they begin to what they call 〃account〃 for him; not to worship him; but take the dimensions of him;and bring him out to be a little kind of man!  He was the 〃creature of the Time;〃 they say; the Time called him forth; the Time did everything; he nothingbut what we the little critic could have done too!  This seems to me but melancholy work。  The Time call forth?  Alas; we have known Times _call_ loudly enough for their great man; but not find him when they called!  He was not there; Providence had not sent him; the Time; _calling_ its loudest; had to go down to confusion and wreck because he would not come when called。
  For if we will think of it; no Time need have gone to ruin; could it have _found_ a man great enough; a man wise and good enough:  wisdom to discern truly what the Time wanted; valor to lead it on the right road thither; these are the salvation of any Time。  But I liken common languid Times; with their unbelief; distress; perplexity; with their languid doubting characters and embarrassed circumstances; impotently crumbling down into ever worse distress towards final ruin;all this I liken to dry dead fuel; waiting for the lightning out of Heaven that shall kindle it。  The great man; with his free force direct out of God's own hand; is the lightning。 His word is the wise healing word which all can believe in。  All blazes round him now; when he has once struck on it; into fire like his own。  The dry mouldering sticks are thought to have called him forth。  They did want him greatly; but as to calling him forth!  Those are critics of small vision; I think; who cry:  〃See; is it not the sticks that made the fire?〃 No sadder proof can be given by a man of his own littleness than disbelief in great men。  There is no sadder symptom of a generation than such general blindness to the spiritual lightning; with faith only in the heap of barren dead fuel。  It is the last consummation of unbelief。  In all epochs of the world's history; we shall find the Great Man to have been the indispensable savior of his epoch;the lightning; without which the fuel never would have burnt。  The History of the World; I said already; was the Biography of Great Men。
  Such small critics do what they can to promote unbelief and universal spiritual paralysis:  but happily they cannot always completely succeed。 In all times it is possible for a man to arise great enough to feel that they and their doctrines are chimeras and cobwebs。  And what is notable; in no time whatever can they entirely eradicate out of living men's hearts a certain altogether peculiar reverence for Great Men; genuine admiration; loyalty; adoration; however dim and perverted it may be。  Hero…worship endures forever while man endures。  Boswell venerates his Johnson; right truly even in the Eighteenth century。  The unbelieving French believe in their Voltaire; and burst out round him into very curious Hero…worship; in that last act of his life when they 〃stifle him under roses。〃  It has always seemed to me extremely curious this of Voltaire。  Tru