第 3 节
作者:溜溜      更新:2021-02-19 00:32      字数:9321
  xi。 10。
  '32'    Lit。   〃tribes;〃   {phulai}     (each    of   the   ten   tribes   contributing
  about eighty men; or; as we might say; a squadron)。
  '33'    i。e。  the   {katastasis};    〃allowance;〃      so   technically     called。   Cf。
  Lys。 〃for Mantitheos〃; Jebb; 〃Att。 Or。〃 i。 246; Boeckh; 〃P。 E。 A。〃                         II。
  xxi。 p。 263; K。 F。 Hermann; 152; 19; Martin; op。 cit。 p。 341。
  But    to  proceed。     In  order   to   create   a  spirit  of  obedience      in  your
  subordinates;   you   have   two   formidable   instruments;'34'   as   a   matter   of
  plain    reason    you   can   show     them   what    a  host   of   blessings    the  word
  discipline implies; and as a matter of hard fact you can; within the limits
  of    the  law;   enable    the   well…disciplined      to  reap   advantage;     while    the
  undisciplined are made to feel the pinch at every turn。
  '34' 〃The one theoretic; the other practical。〃
  But if you would rouse the emulation of your phylarchs; if you would
  stir in each a personal ambition to appear at the head of his own squadron
  in all ways splendidly appointed; the best incentive will be your personal
  example。 You must see to it that your own bodyguard'35' are decked with
  choice   accoutrement   and   arms;   you   must   enforce   on   them   the   need   to
  practise shooting pertinaciously; you must expound to them the theory of
  the javelin; yourself an adept in the art through constant training。'36'
  '35' Techn。 {prodromoi}; possibly = the Hippotoxotai; or corps of 200
  mounted       archersScythians;        cf。  〃Mem。〃       III。  iii。  11。   Or;   probably;
  〃mounted   skirmishers;〃   distinct   from  the   {ippotexotai}。   Cf。               Arrian;
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  〃An。〃 i。 12。 7。 See Aristot。 〃Ath。 Pol。〃 49。 5。
  '36' Reading as vulg。 {eisegoio}; or if with L。 D。 {egoio} (cf。 above;
  S。 21); trans。 〃you must lead them out to the butts yourself。〃
  Lastly; were it possible to institute and offer prizes to the several tribal
  squadrons in reward for every excellence of knighthood known to custom
  in   the   public   spectacles   of   our   city;   we   have   here;   I   think;   an   incentive
  which will appeal to the ambition of every true Athenian。 How small; in
  the   like   case   of   our   choruses;   the   prizes   offered;   and   yet   how   great   the
  labour     and    how    vast   the   sums    expended!'37'        But   we    must    discover
  umpires of such high order that to win their verdict will be as precious to
  the victor as victory itself。
  '37'     See   〃Hell。〃    III。  iv。  15;   〃Hiero;〃     ix。   3;  〃Cyrop。〃      I。  vi。  18;
  Martin; op。 cit。 p。 260 f。
  II
  Given; then; that your troopers are thoroughly trained in all the above
  particulars; it is necessary; I presume; that they should further be instructed
  in a type of evolution the effect of which will show itself not only in the
  splendour   of   the   great   processions'1'   in   honour   of   the   gods;   but   in   the
  manouvres   of   the   exercising…ground;   in   the   valorous   onslaught   of   real
  battle  when   occasion   calls;   and   in   the   ease   with   which   whole   regiments
  will prosecute their march; or cross a river; or thread a defile without the
  slightest symptom of confusion。 What this formation isessential; at least
  in my opinion; to the noblest execution of their several dutiesI will now;
  without delay; endeavour to explain。'2'
  '1' e。g。 the Panathenaic; as depicted on the frieze of the Parthenon。
  '2'    Or;  〃what     this  best   order   is;  the   adoption     of  which     will  give
  these     several     features    fair   accomplishment;          I  will    without     further
  pause set forth。〃
  We take as our basis; then; the constitutional division of ten tribes。'3'
  Given these; the proper course; I say; is to appoint; with the concurrence of
  the   several   phylarchs;   certain   decadarchs   (file…leaders)'4'   to   be   selected
  from the men ripest of age and strength; most eager to achieve some deed
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  of   honour   and   to   be   known   to   fame。  These   are   to   form   your   front…rank
  men;'5' and after these; a corresponding number should be chosen   from
  the oldest and the most sagacious members of the squadron; to form the
  rear…rank   of   the   files   or   decads;   since;   to   use   an   illustration;   iron   best
  severs iron when the forefront of the blade'6' is strong and tempered; and
  the momentum at the back is sufficient。
  '3' See 〃Revenues;〃 iv。 30。
  '4'   Decadarchs;   lit。   commanders   of   ten;   a   〃file〃   consisting   normally
  (or ideally) of ten men。 Cf。 〃Cyrop。 II。 ii。 30; VIII。 i。 14。 It                     will be
  borne in mind that a body of cavalry would; as a rule; be                      drawn up in
  battle       line     at    least     four      deep       (see     〃Hell。〃        III。    iv。
  13);      and     frequently  much             deeper。   (The    Persian    cavalry    in  the
  engagement just referred to were twelve deep。)
  '5'   See   〃Cyrop。〃     III。   iii。  41;  57;  VI。   iii。  24;  27;   VII。  i。  15;  〃Pol。
  Lac。〃     xi。  5。  These    front…rank    men    would     seem    to  correspond     to   our
  〃troop     guides;〃     and    the   rear…rank    men     to  our    serre…files    to  some
  extent。
  '6' Cf。 Aelian Tact。 26; ap。 Courier。
  The   interval   between   the   front   and   rear…rank   men   will   best   be   filled
  supposing that the decadarchs are free to choose their own supports; and
  those chosen theirs; and so on following suit; since on this principle  we
  may expect each man to have his trustiest comrade at his back。
  As to your lieutenant;'7' it is every way important to appoint a good
  man to this post; whose bravery will tell; and in case of need at any time to
  charge   the   enemy;   the   cheering   accents   of   his   voice   will   infuse   strength
  into those in front; or when the critical moment of retreat arrives; his sage
  conduct in retiring will go far; we may well conclude; towards saving his
  division。'8'
  '7' {ton aphegoumenon}; lit。 〃him who leads back〃 (a function which
  would      devolve     upon    the   {ouragos}     under    many     circumstances)。       Cf。
  〃Cyrop。〃 II。 iii。 21; 〃Hell。〃 IV。 viii。 37; Plat。 〃Laws;〃
  760 D。 =                 our 〃officer serre…file;〃 to some extent。 So   Courier:
  〃Celui   qui         commande   en   serre…file。   C'est   chez   nous   le   capitaine   en
  second。〃
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  '8' Or; 〃the rest of the squadron。〃 Lit。 〃his own tribesmen。〃
  An even number of file…leaders will admit of a greater number of equal
  subdivisions than an odd。
  The   above   formation   pleases   me   for   two   good   reasons:   in   the   first
  place; all the front…rank men are forced to act as officers;'9' and the same
  man; mark you; when in command is somehow apt to feel that deeds of
  valour are incumbent on him which; as   a private; he ignores; and in the
  next place; at a crisis when something calls for action on the instant; the
  word   of   command   passed   not   to   privates   but   to   officers   takes   speedier
  effect。
  '9'   i。e。   all   find   themselves   in   a   position   of   command;   and   there   is
  nothing      like   command        to   inspire    that   feeling    of   noblesse     oblige
  which is often lacking in the private soldier。 See Thuc。 v。 66;                         〃Pol。
  Lac。〃 xi。 5。
  Supposing; then; a regiment of cavalry drawn up in this formation: just
  as the squadron…leaders have their several positions for the march (or the
  attack'10')   assigned   them   by   the   commander;   so   the   file…   leaders   will
  depend      upon    the  captain    for  the  order   passed    along    the  line   in  what
  formation they are severally to march; and all being prearranged by word
  of mouth; the whole will work more smoothly than if left to chancelike
  people crowding out of a theatre to their mutual annoyance。 And when it
  comes      to   actual    encounter      greater    promptitude      will    be   displayed:
  supposing the attack is made in front; by the file…leaders who know that
  this is their appointed post; or in case of danger suddenly appearing in rear;
  then by the rear…rank men; whose main idea is that to desert one's post is
  base。 A want of