APPENDIX　F
  German　Journals
  The　daily　journals　of　Hamburg；　Frankfort；　Baden；　Munich；
  and　Augsburg　are　all　constructed　on　the　same　general　plan。
  I　speak　of　these　because　I　am　more　familiar　with　them
  than　with　any　other　German　papers。　　They　contain　no
  〃editorials〃　whatever；　no　〃personals〃and　this　is　rather
  a　merit　than　a　demerit；　perhaps；　no　funny…paragraph　column；
  no　police…court　reports；　no　reports　of　proceedings
  of　higher　courts；　no　information　about　prize…fights
  or　other　dog…fights；　horse…races；　walking…machines；
  yachting…contents；　rifle…matches；　or　other　sporting
  matters　of　any　sort；　no　reports　of　banquet　speeches；
  no　department　of　curious　odds　and　ends　of　floating　fact
  and　gossip；　no　〃rumors〃　about　anything　or　anybody；
  no　prognostications　or　prophecies　about　anything　or　anybody；
  no　lists　of　patents　granted　or　sought；　or　any　reference
  to　such　things；　no　abuse　of　public　officials；　big　or　little；
  or　complaints　against　them；　or　praises　of　them；　no　religious
  columns　Saturdays；　no　rehash　of　cold　sermons　Mondays；
  no　〃weather　indications〃；　no　〃local　item〃　unveiling　of
  what　is　happening　in　townnothing　of　a　local　nature；
  indeed；　is　mentioned；　beyond　the　movements　of　some　prince；
  or　the　proposed　meeting　of　some　deliberative　body。
  After　so　formidable　a　list　of　what　one　can't　find
  in　a　German　daily；　the　question　may　well　be　asked；
  What　CAN　be　found　in　it？　It　is　easily　answered：　A　child's
  handful　of　telegrams；　mainly　about　European　national　and
  international　political　movements；　letter…correspondence　about
  the　same　things；　market　reports。　　There　you　have　it。
  That　is　what　a　German　daily　is　made　of。　　A　German
  daily　is　the　slowest　and　saddest　and　dreariest　of　the
  inventions　of　man。　　Our　own　dailies　infuriate　the　reader；
  pretty　often；　the　German　daily　only　stupefies　him。
  Once　a　week　the　German　daily　of　the　highest　class　lightens
  up　its　heavy　columnsthat　is；　it　thinks　it　lightens
  them　upwith　a　profound；　an　abysmal；　book　criticism；
  a　criticism　which　carries　you　down；　down；　down　into
  the　scientific　bowels　of　the　subjectfor　the　German
  critic　is　nothing　if　not　scientificand　when　you　come
  up　at　last　and　scent　the　fresh　air　and　see　the　bonny
  daylight　once　more；　you　resolve　without　a　dissenting　voice
  that　a　book　criticism　is　a　mistaken　way　to　lighten　up
  a　German　daily。　　Sometimes；　in　place　of　the　criticism；
  the　first…class　daily　gives　you　what　it　thinks　is　a　gay
  and　chipper　essayabout　ancient　Grecian　funeral　customs；
  or　the　ancient　Egyptian　method　of　tarring　a　mummy；
  or　the　reasons　for　believing　that　some　of　the　peoples
  who　existed　before　the　flood　did　not　approve　of　cats。
  These　are　not　unpleasant　subjects；　they　are　not
  uninteresting　subjects；　they　are　even　exciting　subjects
  until　one　of　these　massive　scientists　gets　hold　of　them。
  He　soon　convinces　you　that　even　these　matters　can
  be　handled　in　such　a　way　as　to　make　a　person　low…spirited。
  As　I　have　said；　the　average　German　daily　is　made　up
  solely　of　correspondencesa　trifle　of　it　by　telegraph；
  the　rest　of　it　by　mail。　　Every　paragraph　has　the　side…head；
  〃London；〃　〃Vienna；〃　or　some　other　town；　and　a　date。
  And　always；　before　the　name　of　the　town；　is　placed　a　letter
  or　a　sign；　to　indicate　who　the　correspondent　is；　so　that
  the　authorities　can　find　him　when　they　want　to　hang　him。
  Stars；　crosses；　triangles；　squares；　half…moons；　suns
  such　are　some　of　the　signs　used　by　correspondents。
  Some　of　the　dailies　move　too　fast；　others　too　slowly。
  For　instance；　my　Heidelberg　daily　was　always　twenty…four
  hours　old　when　it　arrived　at　the　hotel；　but　one　of　my
  Munich　evening　papers　used　to　come　a　full　twenty…four　hours
  before　it　was　due。
  Some　of　the　less　important　dailies　give　one　a　tablespoonful
  of　a　continued　story　every　day；　it　is　strung　across
  the　bottom　of　the　page；　in　the　French　fashion。
  By　subscribing　for　the　paper　for　five　years　I　judge　that
  a　man　might　succeed　in　getting　pretty　much　all　of　the　story。
  If　you　ask　a　citizen　of　Munich　which　is　the　best　Munich
  daily　journal；　he　will　always　tell　you　that　there　is
  only　one　good　Munich　daily；　and　that　it　is　published
  in　Augsburg；　forty　or　fifty　miles　away。　　It　is　like　saying
  that　the　best　daily　paper　in　New　York　is　published　out
  in　New　Jersey　somewhere。　　Yes；　the　Augsburg　ALLGEMEINE
  ZEITUNG　is　〃the　best　Munich　paper；〃　and　it　is　the　one　I
  had　in　my　mind　when　I　was　describing　a　〃first…class
  German　daily〃　above。　　The　entire　paper；　opened　out；　is　not
  quite　as　large　as　a　single　page　of　the　New　York　HERALD。
  It　is　printed　on　both　sides；　of　course；　but　in　such　large
  type　that　its　entire　contents　could　be　put；　in　HERALD　type；
  upon　a　single　page　of　the　HERALDand　there　would　still
  be　room　enough　on　the　page　for　the　ZEITUNG's　〃supplement〃
  and　some　portion　of　the　ZEITUNG's　next　day's　contents。
  Such　is　the　first…class　daily。　　The　dailies　actually　printed
  in　Munich　are　all　called　second…class　by　the　public。
  If　you　ask　which　is　the　best　of　these　second…class
  papers　they　say　there　is　no　difference；　one　is　as　good
  as　another。　　I　have　preserved　a　copy　of　one　of　them；
  it　is　called　the　MU〃NCHENER　TAGES…ANZEIGER；　and　bears
  date　January　25；　1879。　　Comparisons　are　odious；
  but　they　need　not　be　malicious；　and　without　any　malice
  I　wish　to　compare　this　journals　of　other　countries。
  I　know　of　no　other　way　to　enable　the　reader　to　〃size〃
  the　thing。
  A　column　of　an　average　daily　paper　in　America　contains
  from　1；800　to　2；500　words；　the　reading…matter　in　a
  single　issue　consists　of　from　25；000　to　50；000　words。
  The　reading…matter　in　my　copy　of　the　Munich　journal
  consists　of　a　total　of　1；654　words　for　I　counted　them。
  That　would　be　nearly　a　column　of　one　of　our　dailies。
  A　single　issue　of　the　bulkiest　daily　newspaper　in　the
  worldthe　London　TIMESoften　contains　100；000　words
  of　reading…matter。　Considering　that　the　DAILY　ANZEIGER
  issues　the　usual　twenty…six　numbers　per　month；　the　reading
  matter　in　a　single　number　of　the　London　TIMES　would　keep　it
  in　〃copy〃　two　months　and　a　half。
  The　ANZEIGER　is　an　eight…page　paper；　its　page　is　one
  inch　wider　and　one　inch　longer　than　a　foolscap　page；
  that　is　to　say；　the　dimensions　of　its　page　are　somewhere
  between　those　of　a　schoolboy's　slate　and　a　lady's
  pocket　handkerchief。　　One…fourth　of　the　first　page　is
  taken　up　with　the　heading　of　the　journal；　this　gives　it
  a　rather　top…heavy　appearance；　the　rest　of　the　first　page
  is　reading…matter；　all　of　the　second　page　is　reading…matter；
  the　other　six　pages　are　devoted　to　advertisements。
  The　reading…matter　is　compressed　into　two　hundred
  and　five　small…pica　lines；　and　is　lighted　up　with　eight
  pica　headlines。　　The　bill　of　fare　is　as　follows：　First；
  under　a　pica　headline；　to　enforce　attention　and　respect；
  is　a　four…line　sermon　urging　mankind　to　remember　that；
  although　they　are　pilgrims　here　below；　they　are　yet　heirs
  of　heaven；　and　that　〃When　they　depart　from　earth　they　soar
  to　heaven。〃　Perhaps　a　four…line　sermon　in　a　Saturday　paper
  is　the　sufficient　German　equivalent　of　the　eight　or　ten
  columns　of　sermons　which　the　New…Yorkers　get　in　their
  Monday　morning　papers。　　The　latest　news　（two　days　old）
  follows　the　four…line　sermon；　under　the　pica　headline
  〃Telegrams〃these　are　〃telegraphed〃　with　a　pair　of
  scissors　out　of　the　AUGSBURGER　ZEITUNG　of　the　day　before。
  These　telegrams　consist　of　fourteen　and　two…thirds　lines
  from　Berlin；　fifteen　lines　from　Vienna；　and　two　and　five…eights
  lines　from　Calcutta。　　Thirty…three　small…pica　lines　news
  in　a　daily　journal　in　a　King's　Capital　of　one　hundred　and
  seventy　thousand　inhabitants　is　surely　not　an　overdose。
  Next　we　have　the　pica　heading；　〃News　of　the　Day；〃
  under　which　the　following　facts　are　set　forth：　Prince
  Leopold　is　going　on　a　visit　to　Vienna；　six　lines；
  Prince　Arnulph　is　coming　back　from　Russia；　two　lines；
  the　Landtag　will　meet　at　ten　o'clock　in　the　morning　and
  consider　an　election　law；　three　lines　and　one　word　over；
  a　city　government　item；　five　and　one…half　lines；
  prices　of　tickets　to　the　proposed　grand　Charity　Ball；
  twenty…three　linesfor　this　one　item　occupies　almost
  one…fourth　of　the　entire　first　page；　there　is　to　be
  a　wonderful　Wagner　concert　in　Frankfurt…on…the…Main；
  with　an　orchestra　of　one　hundred　and　eight　instruments；
  seven　and　one…half　lines。　　That　concludes　the　first　page。
  Eighty…five　lines；　altogether；　on　that　page；
  including　three　headlines。　　About　fifty　of　those　lines；
  as　one　perceives；　deal　with　local　matters；　so　the　reporters
  are　not　overworked。
  Exactly　one…half　of　the　second　page　is　occupied　with
  an　opera　criticism；　fifty…three　lines　（three　of　them
  being　headlines）；　and　〃Death　Notices；〃　ten　lines。
  The　other　half　of　the　second　page　is　made　up　of　two
  paragraphs　under　the　head　of　〃Miscellaneous　News。〃
  One　of　these　paragraphs　tells　about　a　quarrel　between　the　Czar
  of　Russia　and　his　eldest　son；　twenty…one　and　a　half　lines；
  and　the　other　tells　abo