passions　gratified；　only　prompt　them　to　study　how　it　happened　that
  they　succeeded　in　getting　round　all　social　laws；　the　result　is　they
  become　alarmingly　adroit。
  A　fortnight　later；　Philippe；　once　more　a　man　of　leisure；　lazy　and
  bored；　renewed　his　fatal　cafe　life；his　drams；　his　long　games　of
  billiards　embellished　with　punch；　his　nightly　resort　to　the　gambling…
  table；　where　he　risked　some　trifling　stake　and　won　enough　to　pay　for
  his　dissipations。　Apparently　very　economical；　the　better　to　deceive
  his　mother　and　Madame　Descoings；　he　wore　a　hat　that　was　greasy；　with
  the　nap　rubbed　off　at　the　edges；　patched　boots；　a　shabby　overcoat；　on
  which　the　red　ribbon　scarcely　showed　so　discolored　and　dirty　was　it　by
  long　service　at　the　buttonhole　and　by　the　spatterings　of　coffee　and
  liquors。　His　buckskin　gloves；　of　a　greenish　tinge；　lasted　him　a　long
  while；　and　he　only　gave　up　his　satin　neckcloth　when　it　was　ragged
  enough　to　look　like　wadding。　Mariette　was　the　sole　object　of　the
  fellow's　love；　and　her　treachery　had　greatly　hardened　his　heart。　When
  he　happened　to　win　more　than　usual；　or　if　he　supped　with　his　old
  comrade；　Giroudeau；　he　followed　some　Venus　of　the　slums；　with　brutal
  contempt　for　the　whole　sex。　Otherwise　regular　in　his　habits；　he
  breakfasted　and　dined　at　home　and　came　in　every　night　about　one
  o'clock。　Three　months　of　this　horrible　life　restored　Agathe　to　some
  degree　of　confidence。
  As　for　Joseph；　who　was　working　at　the　splendid　picture　to　which　he
  afterwards　owed　his　reputation；　he　lived　in　his　atelier。　On　the
  prediction　of　her　grandson　Bixiou；　Madame　Descoings　believed　in
  Joseph's　future　glory；　and　she　showed　him　every　sort　of　motherly
  kindness；　she　took　his　breakfast　to　him；　she　did　his　errands；　she
  blacked　his　boots。　The　painter　was　never　seen　till　dinner…time；　and
  his　evenings　were　spent　at　the　Cenacle　among　his　friends。　He　read　a
  great　deal；　and　gave　himself　that　deep　and　serious　education　which
  only　comes　through　the　mind　itself；　and　which　all　men　of　talent　strive
  after　between　the　ages　of　twenty　and　thirty。　Agathe；　seeing　very
  little　of　Joseph；　and　feeling　no　uneasiness　about　him；　lived　only　for
  Philippe；　who　gave　her　the　alternations　of　fears　excited　and　terrors
  allayed；　which　seem　the　life；　as　it　were；　of　sentiment；　and　to　be　as
  necessary　to　maternity　as　to　love。　Desroches；　who　came　once　a　week　to
  see　the　widow　of　his　patron　and　friend；　gave　her　hopes。　The　Duc　de
  Maufrigneuse　had　asked　to　have　Philippe　in　his　regiment；　the　minister
  of　war　had　ordered　an　inquiry；　and　as　the　name　of　Bridau　did　not
  appear　on　any　police　list；　nor　an　any　record　at　the　Palais　de　Justice；
  Philippe　would　be　reinstated　in　the　army　early　in　the　coming　year。
  To　arrive　at　this　result；　Desroches　set　all　the　powers　that　he　could
  influence　in　motion。　At　the　prefecture　of　police　he　learned　that
  Philippe　spent　his　evenings　in　the　gambling…house；　and　he　thought　it
  best　to　tell　this　fact　privately　to　Madame　Descoings；　exhorting　her
  keep　an　eye　on　the　lieutenant…colonel；　for　one　outbreak　would　imperil
  all；　as　it　was；　the　minister　of　war　was　not　likely　to　inquire　whether
  Philippe　gambled。　Once　restored　to　his　rank　under　the　flag　of　his
  country；　he　would　perhaps　abandon　a　vice　only　taken　up　from　idleness。
  Agathe；　who　no　longer　received　her　friends　in　the　evening；　sat　in　the
  chimney…corner　reading　her　prayers；　while　Madame　Descoings　consulted
  the　cards；　interpreted　her　dreams；　and　applied　the　rules　of　the
  〃cabala〃　to　her　lottery　ventures。　This　jovial　fanatic　never　missed　a
  single　drawing；　she　still　pursued　her　trey；which　never　turned　up。　It
  was　nearly　twenty…one　years　old；　just　approaching　its　majority；　on
  this　ridiculous　idea　the　old　woman　now　pinned　her　faith。　One　of　its
  three　numbers　had　stayed　at　the　bottom　of　all　the　wheels　ever　since
  the　institution　of　the　lottery。　Accordingly；　Madame　Descoings　laid
  heavy　stakes　on　that　particular　number；　as　well　as　on　all　the
  combinations　of　the　three　numbers。　The　last　mattress　remaining　to　her
  bed　was　the　place　where　she　stored　her　savings；　she　unsewed　the
  ticking；　put　in　from　time　to　time　the　bit　of　gold　saved　from　her
  needs；　wrapped　carefully　in　wool；　and　then　sewed　the　mattress　up
  again。　She　intended；　at　the　last　drawing；　to　risk　all　her　savings　on
  the　different　combinations　of　her　treasured　trey。
  This　passion；　so　universally　condemned；　has　never　been　fairly　studied。
  No　one　has　understood　this　opium　of　poverty。　The　lottery；　all…powerful
  fairy　of　the　poor；　bestowed　the　gift　of　magic　hopes。　The　turn　of　the
  wheel　which　opens　to　the　gambler　a　vista　of　gold　and　happiness；　lasts
  no　longer　than　a　flash　of　lightning；　but　the　lottery　gave　five　days'
  existence　to　that　magnificent　flash。　What　social　power　can　to…day；　for
  the　sum　of　five　sous；　give　us　five　days'　happiness　and　launch　us
  ideally　into　all　the　joys　of　civilization？　Tobacco；　a　craving　far　more
  immoral　than　play；　destroys　the　body；　attacks　the　mind；　and　stupefies
  a　nation；　while　the　lottery　did　nothing　of　the　kind。　This　passion；
  moreover；　was　forced　to　keep　within　limits　by　the　long　periods　that
  occurred　between　the　drawings；　and　by　the　choice　of　wheels　which　each
  investor　individually　clung　to。　Madame　Descoings　never　staked　on　any
  but　the　〃wheel　of　Paris。〃　Full　of　confidence　that　the　trey　cherished
  for　twenty…one　years　was　about　to　triumph；　she　now　imposed　upon
  herself　enormous　privations；　that　she　might　stake　a　large　amount　of
  savings　upon　the　last　drawing　of　the　year。　When　she　dreamed　her
  cabalistic　visions　（for　all　dreams　did　not　correspond　with　the　numbers
  of　the　lottery）；　she　went　and　told　them　to　Joseph；　who　was　the　sole
  being　who　would　listen；　and　not　only　not　scold　her；　but　give　her　the
  kindly　words　with　which　an　artist　knows　how　to　soothe　the　follies　of
  the　mind。　All　great　talents　respect　and　understand　a　real　passion；
  they　explain　it　to　themselves　by　finding　the　roots　of　it　in　their　own
  hearts　or　minds。　Joseph's　ideas　was；　that　his　brother　loved　tobacco
  and　liquors；　Maman　Descoings　loved　her　trey；　his　mother　loved　God；
  Desroches　the　younger　loved　lawsuits；　Desroches　the　elder　loved
  angling；in　short；　all　the　world；　he　said；　loved　something。　He
  himself　loved　the　〃beau　ideal〃　in　all　things；　he　loved　the　poetry　of
  Lord　Byron；　the　painting　of　Gericault；　the　music　of　Rossini；　the
  novels　of　Walter　Scott。　〃Every　one　to　his　taste；　maman；〃　he　would　say；
  〃but　your　trey　does　hang　fire　terribly。〃
  〃It　will　turn　up；　and　you　will　be　rich；　and　my　little　Bixiou　as　well。〃
  〃Give　it　all　to　your　grandson；〃　cried　Joseph；　〃at　any　rate；　do　what
  you　like　best　with　it。〃
  〃Hey！　when　it　turns　up　I　shall　have　enough　for　everybody。　In　the　first
  place；　you　shall　have　a　fine　atelier；　you　sha'n't　deprive　yourself　of
  going　to　the　opera　so　as　to　pay　for　your　models　and　your　colors。　Do
  you　know；　my　dear　boy；　you　make　me　play　a　pretty　shabby　part　in　that
  picture　of　yours？〃
  By　way　of　economy；　Joseph　had　made　the　Descoings　pose　for　his
  magnificent　painting　of　a　young　courtesan　taken　by　an　old　woman　to　a
  Doge　of　Venice。　This　picture；　one　of　the　masterpieces　of　modern
  painting；　was　mistaken　by　Gros　himself　for　a　Titian；　and　it　paved　the
  way　for　the　recognition　which　the　younger　artists　gave　to　Joseph's
  talent　in　the　Salon　of　1823。
  〃Those　who　know　you　know　very　well　what　you　are；〃　he　answered　gayly。
  〃Why　need　you　trouble　yourself　about　those　who　don't　know　you？〃
  For　the　last　ten　years　Madame　Descoings　had　taken　on　the　ripe　tints　of
  a　russet　apple　at　Easter。　Wrinkles　had　formed　in　her　superabundant
  flesh；　now　grown　pallid　and　flabby。　Her　eyes；　full　of　life；　were
  bright　with　thoughts　that　were　still　young　and　vivacious；　and　might　be
  considered　grasping；　for　there　is　always　something　of　that　spirit　in　a
  gambler。　Her　fat　face　bore　traces　of　dissimulation　and　of　the　mental
  reservations　hidden　in　the　depths　of　her　heart。　Her　vice　necessitated
  secrecy。　There　were　also　indications　of　gluttony　in　the　motion　of　her
  lips。　And　thus；　although　she　was；　as　we　have　seen；　an　excellent　and
  upright　woman；　the　eye　might　be　misled　by　her　appearance。　She　was　an
  admirable　model　for　the　old　woman　Joseph　wished　to　paint。　Coralie；　a
  young　actress　of　exquisite　beauty　who　died　in　the　flower　of　her　youth；
  the　mistress　of　Lucien　de　Rubempre；　one　of　Joseph's　friends；　had　given
  him　the　idea　of　the　picture。　This　noble　painting　has　been　called　a
  plagiarism　of　other　pictures；　while　in　fact　it　was　a　splendid
  arrangement　of　three　portraits。　Michel　Chrestien；　one　of　his
  companions　at　the　Cenacle；　lent　his　republican　head　for　the　senator；
  to　which　Joseph　added　a　few　mature　tints；　just　as　he　exaggerated　the
  expression　of　Madame　Descoings's　features。　This　fine　picture；　which
  was　destined　to　make　a　great　noise　and　bring　the　artist　much　hatred；
  jealousy；　and　admiration；　was　just　sketched　out；　but；　compelled　as　he
  was　to　work　for　a　living；　he　laid　it　aside　to　make　copies　of　the　old
  masters　for　the　dealers；　thus　he　penetrat