umble　of　cottages　and　colegarths；　on　the　crown　and　north　slope　of　the　Height；　thatched；　in　part　tiled；　and　built　mostly　of　rough　stone　blocks；　in　our　time；not　of　wood；　as　probably　in　Friedrich's。　A　solid；　sluttishly　comfortable…looking　Village；　with　pleasant　hay…fields；　or　long　narrow　hay…stripes　（each　villager　has　his　stripe）；　reaching　down　to　the　northern　levels。　The　Church　is　near　the　top；　Churchyard；　and　some　little　space　farther；　are　nearly　horizontal　ground；　till　the　next　Height　begins　sloping　up　again　towards　the　woody　Hills　southward。　The　view　from　this　little　esplanade　atop；　still　better　from　the　Church　belfry；　is　wide　and　pretty。　Free　on　all　sides　except　the　south：　pleasant　Heights　and　Hollows；　of　arable；　of　wood；　or　pasture；　well　watered　by　rushing　Brooks；　all　making　northward；　direct　for　Spree　（the　Berlin　Spree）；　or　else　into　the　Lobau　Water；　which　is　the　first　big　branch　of　Spree。
  〃The　place　is　still　partly　of　Wendish　speech；　the　Parson　has　to　preach　one　half　of　the　Sunday　in　Wend；　the　other　in　German。　Among　the　Hills　to　south；〃　well　worth　noting　at　present；　〃is　one　called　CZARNABOG；　or　'Devil's　Hill；'　where　the　Wendish　Devil　and　his　Witches　（equal　to　any　German　on　his　Blocksberg；　or　preternatural　Bracken　of　the　Harz）　hold　their　annual　WITCHES'…　SABBATH；a　thing　not　to　be　contemplated　without　a　shudder　by　the　Wendish　mind。　Thereabouts；　and　close　from　Hochkirch　southward；　all　is　shadowy　intricacy　of　thicket　and　wild　wood。　Northward　too　from　Hochkirch；　and　all　about；　I　perceive　the　scene　was　woodier　then　than　now；and　must　have　looked　picturesque　enough　（had　anybody　been　in　quest　of　that）；　with　the　multifarious　uniforms；　and　tented　people　sprinkled　far　and　wide　among　the　leafy　red…and…yellow　of　October；　1758。〃　＇Tourist's　Note；　September；　1858。＇
  In　the　Village　of　Wuischke；　precisely　at　the　northern　base　of　that　shaggy　Czarnabog　or　Devil's　Hill；　stand　Loudon　and　3；000　Croats　and　grenadiers；　as　the　extreme　left　of　Daun's　position。　Wuischke　is　nearly　straight　south　of　Hochkirch；　so　far　westward　has　Loudon　pushed　forward　with　his　Croats；　hidden　among　the　Hills；　though　Daun's　general　position　lies　a　good　mile　to　east　of　Friedrich's：irregularly　north　and　south；　both　Friedrich　and　Daun；　the　former　ignorant　what　Croats　and　Loudonries；　there　may　be　among　those　Devil's　Hills　to　his　right；　the　latter　not　ignorant。　Friedrich's　right　wing；　Keith　in　command　of　it；　stretches　to　Hochkirch　and　a　little　farther：　beyond　Hochkirch；　it　has　Four　flank　Battalions　in　potence　form；　with　proper　vedettes　and　pickets；　and　above　all；　with　a　strong　Battery　of　Twenty　Guns；　which　it　maintains　on　the　next　Height　immediately　adjoining　Hochkirch；　and　perceptibly　higher　than　Hochkirch。　This　is　the　finis　of　Keith　on　his　right；　andexcept　those　vedettes；　and　pickets　of　Free…corps　people；　thrown　out　a　little　way　ahead　into　the　bushes；　on　that　sideFriedrich's　right　wing　knows　nothing　of　the　shaggy　elevations　horrent　with　wood；　which　lie　to　southward；　and　merely　intends　to　play　its　Twenty　Cannon　upon　them；　should　they　give　birth　to　anything。　This　is　Friedrich's　posture　on　his　right　or　south　wing。
  From　Hochkirch　northward　or　nearly　so；　but　sprinkled　about　in　all　the　villages　and　points　of　strength；　as　far　up　as　Drehsa　and　beyond　Drehsa；　to　near　Kotitz；　a　less　important　village；　Friedrich　extends　about　four　miles；　centre　at　Rodewitz；　where　his　own　head…quarter　is；　above　two　miles　north　of　Hochkirch。　Not　far　from　Rodewitz；　but　a　little　to　left　and　ahead；　stands　his　second　and　best　Battery；　of　Thirty　Guns；　ready　to　play　upon　Lauska；　a　poor　village；　and　its　roadway；　should　the　Austrians　try　anything　there；　or　from　their　Stromberg　post；　which　is　a　good　mile　behind　Lauska。　His　strength；　in　these　lines；　some　count　to　be　only　28；000；　or　less。　Four　or　five　miles　to　northeast；　in　and　behind　Weissenberg　（which　we　used　to　know　last　summer）；　lies　Retzow；　with　perhaps　10　or　12；000；　which　will　bring　him　up　to　40；000；　were　they　properly　joined　with　him　as　a　left　wing。　Daun's　force　counts　90；000；　with　Friedrich　lying　under　his　nose　in　this　insolent　manner。
  Daun's　head…quarter；　as　we　said；　is　Kittlitz；　a　Village　some　two　miles　short　of　Lobau；　in　the　direction　southeast　of　Friedrich；　perhaps　five　miles　to　southeast　of　Rodewitz；　Friedrich's　lodging。　It　is　close　upon　the　Bautzen…Zittau　Highway；　Zittau　some　twenty　miles　to　south　of　it；　Herrnhuth　and　the　pacific　Brethren　about　half…way　thither。　Kittlitz　lies　more　to　south　than　Hochkirch　itself；　and　Daun's　outposts；　as　we　saw；　circle　quite　round　among　those　Devil's　Hills；　and　envelop　Friedrich's　right　flank。　But　Daun's　main　force　lies　chiefly　northward；　and　well　to　west；　of　Kittlitz；　parallel　to　Friedrich；　and　eastward　of　him；　with　elaborate　intrenchments；　every　village；　brook；　bridge；　height　and　bit　of　good　ground；　Stromberg　to　end　with；　punctually　secured。　Obliquely　over　the　Stromberg；　holding　the　Stromberg　and　certain　Villages　to　southeast　and　to　northwest　of　it；　lies　D'Ahremberg；　as　right　wing：　about　20；000　he；　put　into　oblique　potence；　looking　into　Kotitz；　which　is　Friedrich's　extreme　left；　and　in　a　good　measure　dividing　Friedrich　from　the　Retzow　10；000。　And　lastly；　as　reserve；　in　front　of　Reichenbach；　eight　or　nine　miles　to　east　of　all　that；　lies　the　Prince　of　Baden…Durlach；　25；000　or　so；　barring　Retzow　on　that　side；　and　all　attempts　on　the　Silesian　Road　there。　Daun's　lines；　not　counting　in　the　southern　outposts　or　Devil's…Hill　parties；　are　considerably　longer　than　Friedrich's；　and　also　considerably　deeper。　The　two　head…quarters　are　about　five　miles　apart：　but　the　two　frontsdivided　by　a　brook　and　good　hollow　running　here　（one　of　many　such；　making　all　for　Lobau　Water）are　not　half　a　mile　apart。　Towards　Hochkirch　and　the　top　of　this　brook；　the　opposing　posts　are　quite　crammed　close　on　one　another；　divided　only　by　their　hollow。　Many　brooks；　each　with　a　definite　hollow；　run　tinkling　about　here；　swift　but　straitened　to　get　out；　especially　Lobau　Water；　which　receives　them　all；　has　to　take　a　quite　meandering　circling　course　（through　Daun's　quarters　and　beyond　them）　before　it　can　disembogue　in　Spree；　and　decidedly　set　out　for　Berlin　under　that　new　name。　The　Landscapeseen　from　Hochkirch　Village；　still　better　from　the　Church…steeple　which　lifts　you　high　above　it；　and　commands　all　round　except　to　the　south；　where　Friedrich's　battery…height　quite　shuts　you　in；　and　hides　even　those　Devil's　Hills　beyondis　cheerful　and　pretty。　Village　belfries；　steeples　and　towers；　airy　green　ridges　of　heights；　and　intricate　greener　valleys：　now　rather　barer　than　you　like。　The　Tourist　tells　me；　in　Friedrich's　time　there　must　have　been　a　great　deal　more　of　wood　than　now。
  WHAT　ACTUALLY　BEFELL　AT　HOCHKIRCH　（Saturday；　14th　October；　1758）。
  Friedrich；　for　some　time；probably　ever　since　Wednesday　morning；　when　he　found　the　Stromberg　was　not　to　be　his；had　decided　to　be　out　of　this　bad　post。　In　which；　clearly　enough；　nothing　was　to　be　done；　unless　Daun　would　attempt　something　else　than　more　and　more　intrenching　and　palisading　himself。　Friedrich　on　the　second　day　（Thursday；　12th）　rode　across　to　Weissenberg；　to　give　Retzow　his　directions；　and　take　view　of　the　ground：　〃Saturday　night；　Herr　Retzow；　sooner　it　cannot　be　＇Friedrich　had　aimed　at　Friday　night；　but　finds　the　Provision…convoy　cannot　possibly　be　up＇；　Saturday　night；　in　all　silence；　we　sweep　round　out　of　this；we　and　you；hurl　Baden…Durlach　about　his　business；　and　are　at　Schops　and　Reichenbach；　and　the　Silesian　Highway　open；　next　morning；　to　us！〃　＇Tempelhof；　ii。　320。＇　Quietly　everything　is　speeding　on　towards　this　consummation；　on　Friedrich's　part。　But　on　Daun's　part　there　isstarted；　I　should　guess；　on　the　very　same　Thursdayanother　consummation　getting　ready；　which　is　to　fall　out　on　Saturday　MORNING；　fifteen　hours　before　that　other；　and　entirely　supersede　that　other！
  Keith's　opinion；　that　the　Austrians　deserve　to　be　hanged　if　they　don't　attack　us　here；　is　also　Loudon's　opinion　and　Lacy's；　and　indeed　everybody's；and　at　length　Daun's　own；　who　determines　to　try　something　here；　if　never　before　or　after。　This　plan；　all　judges　admit；　was　elaborate　and　good；　and　was　well　executed　too；Daun　himself　presiding　over　the　most　critical　part　of　the　execution。　A　plan　to　have　ruined　almost　any　Army；　except　this　Prussian　one　and　the　Captain　it　chanced　to　have。　A　universal　camisado；　or　surprisal　of　Friedrich　in　his　Camp；　before　daylight：　everybody　knows　that　it　took　effect　（Hochkirch；　Saturday；　14th　October；　1758；　5　A。M。　of　a　misty　morning）；　nobody　expects　of　an　unassisted　fellow…creature　much　light　on　so　doubly　dark　a　thing。　But　the　truth　is；　there　are　ample　accounts；　exact；　though　very　chaotic；　and　the　thing；　steadily　examined；　till　its　essential　features　extricate　themselves　from　the　unessential；　proves　to　be　not　quite　so　unintelligible；　and　nothing　like　so　destructive；　overwhelming　and　ruinous　as　was　supposed。
  Daun's　plan　is　very　elaborate；　and　includes　a　great　many　combinations；　all　his　90；000　to　come　into　it；　simultaneously　or　in　succession。　But　the　first　and　grandly　vital　part；　mainspring　and　father　to　all　the　rest；　is　this：　That　Daun；　in　person；　after　nightfall　of　Friday；　shall；　with　the　pick　of　his　force；　say　30；000　horse　and　foot；　with　all　their　artilleries　and　tools；　silently　quit　his　now　position　in　front　of　Hoc